Pressurized H2S and staged pH-controlled leaching separate Li, Mn, Ni, and Co from battery powder with lower metal loss and purer products.
A selective nanofiltration membrane separates cobalt and nickel salts from aqueous solution with lower solvent use, smaller facilities, and reduced impact.
Selective extraction and membrane electrolysis remove non-lithium cations, recover lithium, and recycle acid and alkali salts.
Returning mother liquor to electrowinning enables battery-grade metal sulfate crystallization with lower water use and better plant integration.
A two-stage crystallization route separates lithium sulfate and transition metal sulfates while minimizing sodium contamination and post-treatment.
Mixing oxidized and reduced battery materials enables sulfuric acid leaching of nickel, cobalt, and manganese without extra redox agents.
Nickel cementation simplifies copper recovery from lithium-ion battery black mass, cutting process complexity and enabling high-purity metal separation.
Recycled lithium-containing fractions are fed back into black mass leaching to raise lithium recovery and cut lithium in waste effluents.
Sulfuric acid plus a sulfurizing agent precipitates copper as sulfide, leaving nickel and cobalt in leachate for cleaner alloy separation.
By linking spent catalyst and battery recycling, this process reuses byproducts as feedstock to raise metal recovery and cut waste.
Elevated-temperature autoclave dissolution speeds metal powder reaction with sulfuric acid while avoiding oxidants and producing high-purity sulfate solutions.
Converting ferrous chloride in spent pickle liquor into ferric sulfate using sulfuric acid and pressurized oxygen, eliminating chlorine hazards.
A two-circuit process extracts nickel and cobalt simultaneously using specific pH ranges and extraction agents.
Acid dissolution and evaporative crystallization recover high-purity metal sulfates from battery wastes while eliminating exhaust gas pollution.
Three-step solvent extraction removes calcium, magnesium, and sodium impurities from chloride solutions to produce battery-grade cobalt sulfate.