Closed-loop drift control uses slip rate, yaw targets, torque split, and steering compensation to reduce driver dependency and stabilize drifts.
Radial ribs and a connecting rib reinforce the motor case where it overlaps the side member, reducing collision damage without extra covers.
Self-supporting battery modules and a bar-like control housing stiffen the vehicle floor, improving crash stability, cooling, and service access.
By moving the one-way clutch into the reducer, this drive unit simplifies torque converter structure while preserving bidirectional torque transmission.
By using the drive unit as the mounting base, this case protects the fuel cell system from external loads while reducing package size.
An integrated support member forms the oil catch tank, simplifying shaft-support assembly and avoiding joint sealing in a vehicle drive unit.
Temperature-controlled coolant valves isolate brake disc heat from the in-wheel motor while maintaining effective cooling for both components.
A rear side member with a kick-up mounting hole and reinforcing members keeps a flat floor while supporting rear suspension and battery protection.
A frameless EV exoskeleton integrates the battery and drive-unit sockets to expand battery space, lower the center of gravity, and simplify service.
Connecting the insulating member to a distal support surface reduces detachment, housing corrosion, and electrolyte leakage during cell assembly.
Elastic lever fixation stabilizes batteries under vibration while compensating compression load to prevent damage and leakage.
Overlapping lower frame absorbers and a cross member stabilize side-collision deformation and help protect the battery case.
A lattice of battery cross-members and inner housing members spreads crash loads while keeping seat rail placement flexible.
Discrete stator supports and oil channels constrain stator movement in EV traction motors while preserving coolant flow and rotor-stator air gap.
An integrated support member forms the oil catch tank in a vehicle drive, cutting assembly complexity and reducing leakage risk.
Differentiated-thickness separators compress expanding cells with lower reaction force, enabling lighter EV battery pack frames.
Independent tracked drive and four staggered motors improve steering on complex roads while maintaining high-torque towing of heavy RV loads.
Rail-mounted battery packs span the container to boost torsional rigidity while a protected housing and integrated PDU reduce weight and complexity.
Speed-matched dual motors and dog clutches enable seamless EV transmission shifting while reducing torque interruption and power dissipation.
Transition-zone joining lets a closed-section EV rocker reinforcement improve stiffness and side-impact battery protection despite tool access limits.
A sliding-sleeve axle disconnect clutch uses ball-ramp actuation, spring return, and labyrinth seals for smooth CV joint engagement with less debris interference.
Batteries integrated into wheel assemblies free chassis space and lower the center of gravity to improve electric vehicle stability.
A cockpit fuel tank placed between driver and co-driver foot spaces maintains weight balance as fuel is used and prevents control interference.
Dedicated evaporator coils and blowers distribute cooled air across multiple battery housings to control temperature and reduce thermal stress.
Top-side wire outlet routing and a beam-accommodating recess free side space, simplify harness connection, and strengthen truck battery pack integration.
Heat insulating members around battery case vent paths block hot gas transfer to the boarding space while preserving gas discharge.
By moving the battery assembly outside the body between the wheels, this layout frees hood space for added equipment without increasing vehicle width.
A stepped pinion and nested differential raise transaxle reduction ratio and driving force without increasing radial package size.
Dielectric immersion cooling uses vaporization and condensation to remove heat from EV wheel controllers in low-airflow wheel assemblies.
Inclined hat-shaped and closed-section reinforcements guide horizontal compression in side sills to prevent unintended deformation and absorb more crash energy.
A removable bracket uses motor housing engagement structures to fit varied motor shapes while securely carrying load and vibration to the vehicle frame.
Cross members tied between the battery housing, floor panel, and seat rails disperse collision loads while preserving flexible seat placement.
Flexible cooling plates and cross-bolted modules improve tunnel battery rigidity, heat dissipation, water sealing, and wire retention.
Sequential flap actuation cuts actuator torque while guide grooves and fixing support grille airflow control for drag reduction and engine cooling.
Inward-bending sill corners pinch a second reinforcement to prevent off-axis collapse and increase side-collision energy absorption.
Frame-mounted forced ventilation cools the axle motor and control module on smooth industrial truck axles without added machining cost.
By merging the battery pack top with the vehicle floor and adding a cross beam, this case cuts weight while improving rigidity, safety, and space use.
A shape-memory latch releases and ejects an overheating EV battery automatically, limiting thermal runaway spread and pack damage.
A polymer tray, mid-tray, and cover combine tape and liquid seals to close battery pack seams while simplifying line retention and assembly.
Oil spray structures in motor cooling jackets keep stator coil ends evenly cooled despite leakage, helping prevent overheating and output limits.
Interchangeable subframes let one chassis adapt ride height and powertrain performance while cutting frame variants, part count, and assembly complexity.
Opposed vent valve placement sends gas away from adjacent battery stacks, limiting thermal interference while preserving compact pack layout.
Resilient bushings mount the battery case below frame rails to isolate bending loads, cut frame weight, and preserve service access.
Segmented venting compartments guide hot gas and particles to a controlled exit, limiting thermal runaway spread between battery cells.
Battery-electric deicing vehicle layout replaces diesel drive and hydraulics while managing battery temperature to cut air and noise pollution.
A narrow battery-compartment hatch enables charging ventilation and access in tight aisles without swinging open the full side door.
Buffer portions covering cell end edges spread cabin-side loads in an underfloor battery pack, limiting cell deformation and short-circuit risk.