A removable UHV chamber enables ex-situ bakeout with differential pumping, faster water desorption, and no costly gate valves.
A slope-out electron beam weld overlaps the end of the seam, shifts focus, and closes terminal keyholes in thick-section joints.
Sealing plates create a local vacuum inside thick-walled pipes, enabling deep on-site laser welds without a large transportable chamber.
Pulsed electron beam parameter changes shape small deep bores faster, improving geometry control, surface quality, and melt expulsion.
Dual orthogonal X-ray sources synchronized with the electron beam enable real-time 3D weld imaging for penetration and porosity detection.
Vacuum perimeter welding plus hot isostatic diffusion bonding forms complex sealed cavities while limiting hollow-section deformation and misalignment.
High-voltage pulse switching enables fast rise and fall times in gas cluster ion beams, improving trimming accuracy and throughput.
Longitudinal power beam oscillation uniformly melts Ni-based superalloys and slows solidification to reduce weld cracking and process time.
A movable gap-covering chamber maintains vacuum over large workpieces, enabling long laser welds with less spatter, porosity, and energy use.
A split beam with a fusion spot inside a pre/post heat ring controls cooling rates in EB welding while preserving high joining speed.
A diffusion multiple combines metal strips for parallel Sm-Fe-12 alloy screening, cutting experiment time while improving phase stability.
Temporary supports enable welding of undulating sandwich cores, replacing braze joints that fail at high temperatures while preserving strength and low weight.
Vacuum welding around recessed substrate areas, followed by HIP diffusion bonding, forms tight cavity structures without channel deformation.
Vacuum electron beam welding uses preheating, tack welding, and deep penetration to preserve TWIP steel joint strength and plasticity.
Dual vacuum chambers maintain a pressure differential to block air infiltration, stabilize the melt pool, and weld thick parts without zero-gap sealing.
A nickel-base shim consumed by electron beam welding prevents brittle martensite in dissimilar steel packer joints under expansion.
Laser or electron beam weld paths are arranged around internal spaces to simplify multi-spot joining and prevent cracking while preserving sealing.
A two-stage energization sequence joins steel to aluminum by heat transfer, suppressing spatter and adhesion while preserving sheet thickness.