An extension element modifies network topology via a switch and processing unit to enable automatic device identification.
Autonomous network elements inject test data units into a loop to calculate latency statistics, eliminating the need for costly external testing equipment.
A network device segments interfaces into UNI, NNI, and NNI-ALT types to control traffic forwarding rules.
Master relay device transmits abnormality detection frames to identify faulty communication path sections in ring networks.
Network devices store logical port states to restore configuration after reboot without re-running spanning tree algorithms.
A managed device retrieves predefined configuration parameters from a central server to establish network connectivity without manual intervention.
Transport spanning tree control packets as data frames over an Ethernet ring to extend the protocol across a single logical link.
Nodes transmit regular frames periodically and delay sporadic frames until the regular phase completes.