Selective nickel leaching with persulfate and staged impurity precipitation cuts by-products while improving nickel sulfate purity and yield.
Trivalent metal doping in MgF2 creates extra fluoride-ion pathways, lifting negative-electrode capacity in fluoride-ion batteries.
Controlled oxidant leaching and staged precipitation isolate nickel from waste cathode material, cutting impurities and by-products before sulfate crystallization.
A Mg, MgF2, and calcium barium fluoride negative electrode boosts fluoride-ion diffusion and enables high charge-discharge capacity.
A magnesium, magnesium fluoride, and calcium barium fluoride anode balances conductivity and fluoride-ion reactions to raise battery capacity.
A Mg anode paired with a fluoride ion conductor helps prevent short circuits while maintaining operating voltage in fluoride ion batteries.
Controlled O/Si porous silicon with magnesium and carbon buffering limits expansion damage while improving discharge capacity and cycle retention.
A fluorine-boron surface coating on high-Ni NCM cathodes suppresses oxygen release and resistance growth, improving high-voltage stability.