Magnetic field variation helps distinguish surface from non-surface roads when GPS altitude is too imprecise for multi-level navigation.
A multi-pole magnet array and magnetic probe replace bulky resolvers, improving angular sensing accuracy while tolerating misalignment.
A bridge layout of TMR vortices along a back bias magnet symmetry axis boosts sensitivity, cuts stray-field effects, and tolerates misalignment.
A cascaded sensor chain uses each stage's output as the next bias to improve magnetic field linearity without complex IC correction or high power.
Indirect exchange coupling between pinned and magnetic layers expands measurable field range while preserving sensitivity to small variations.
Stacked tiers, discrete magnetic field generators, and a magnetic yoke improve perpendicular-field detection while limiting sensor size.
A magnet and yoke integrate dual detection paths, reducing component count for absolute position and angle sensing in dusty environments.
This case combines sensor and resistive elements in common stacked structures, using dummy patterns to limit film variation and size.
Upstream modulation shifts low-frequency magnetic signals to high frequencies, eliminating 1/f noise without increasing device complexity.