See how segmented exhaust paths with valve-controlled turbocharger and supercharger enable prec
Aligning the actuator connection with the operating shaft cuts bending moment and abrasion while preserving fuel injection responsiveness.
Sheet-metal inner and outer half-shells simplify throttle valve housing assembly while preserving an insulating air gap and leak-resistant sealing.
By aligning the actuator connection with the operating shaft, this case reduces bending wear and rattling while maintaining fuel control response.
Absolute rotor position lets an ETM deliver starting torque and time direct fuel injection, enabling lighter engine starts with a smaller power source.
Crankshaft position and vector-controlled ETM torque enable lighter engine starting hardware while maintaining starting torque and battery recharge.
By learning the high-rigidity stopper first, motor torque can be reduced near the low-rigidity stopper to cut impact force without long learning time.
A rear-fender box under the seat packs the battery and ABS modulator tightly while preserving access, fixation, and structural strength.
Absolute crankshaft position lets the ETM boost torque before TDC, overcoming compression while limiting weight and voltage issues.
Dynamic intake valve closing and lower transient compression ratio cut turbo lag while preventing knock and fuel-efficiency loss.