Limited enzymatic C(sp3)-H scope is expanded as iron proteins install azide, chlorine, nitrile, thiocyanate, and trifluoromethyl groups.
This case uses genome-integrated enzyme pathways to convert ferulic acid into vanillin and 4-vinylguaiacol while limiting by-products.
This case uses Cupriavidus necator to ferment waste carbon sources, then blends the biopolymer into films meeting ISO and ASTM standards.
This case uses Lactobacillus plantarum KF511 to inhibit neutrophil extracellular traps and reduce inflammatory cytokines in asthma and COPD.
Engineered microalgae use modified BKT to produce astaxanthin, improving high-light photoprotection and biomass productivity.
Motif II removal in ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase limits reverse activity and reduces purification needs in psicose production.
Heterologous TyrH variants improve L-tyrosine conversion, raising L-DOPA, dopamine, and S-norcoclaurine production.
Dual antibiotic-resistance and fluorescent reporters enable high-throughput liquid-culture selection of productive Actinomycete mutants.
HcCYP87D19 and HcCYP81Q58 are co-expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to bypass complex plant extraction.
This case uses GPRC5D/CD3 bispecific antibodies to target myeloma cells, induce ADCC, and redirect T-cell cytotoxicity.
This case uses CRISPR-Cas gene silencing in microalgae to reshape fatty acids for more suitable food oil production.
This case uses amino acid substitutions at LysE positions 50, 153, and 215 to favor L-arginine export and raise yield by 20%.
Chemical synthesis can limit oligonucleotide scale-up; engineered RNA ligases support aqueous enzymatic assembly of modified sequences.
This case uses ABC transporters and tyrosinase to simplify culture conditions while increasing microbial growth and black dye production.