A movable reflecting plate lets a fixed directional antenna estimate radio wave arrival direction from measured angle and received power or C/N.
When GNSS is jammed or unavailable, a multi-beam phased array extracts time and position from VSAT satellite signals.
By removing target-signal bins from the correlation matrix, adaptive radar beamforming suppresses ionospheric clutter without burying weak targets.
A multiport antenna manifold speeds AoA and polarization estimation across wide frequency ranges while reducing DF size, weight, and processing load.
Weighted spatial DFT and virtual linear arrays improve Wi-Fi angle-of-arrival estimation under strong indoor multipath with fewer antennas.