Active quenching and reset in a SPAD pixel cut charge flow and afterpulsing while enabling lower energy per pulse and higher count rate.
A pixel-level layout combines a visible photodiode with a thin-film Schottky SWIR diode to enable dual-band imaging in one sensor.
Using counter overflow timing, this SPAD image sensor estimates total photon counts with fewer bits to cut power while preserving image quality.
Dark pulse digitization lets a photomultiplier tube estimate gain without dedicated measurement circuits, simplifying hardware while preserving accuracy.
Using p-type transfer gates removes negative charge pump circuits, cutting pixel power and chip area while preserving dark current control.