Sulfur and oxygen functionalization of refinery hydrocarbons enables scalable hard carbon production with better yield and consistent sodium-ion anode quality.
High concentration hydroxides convert hydrogen sulfide to stable sulfides, preventing precipitate formation and reversion even under heat.
Dechlorination catalyst converts organic chlorides to HCl, enabling carrier gas recycling to reduce chloride content for refinery blending.
Supercritical water breaks carbon-sulfur bonds in sulfones to recover hydrocarbons, eliminating yield loss from oxidative desulfurization.
A molecular sieve catalyst with MWW structure reduces the bromine index of hydrocarbon feedstocks through selective olefin removal.