A communication apparatus determines repeat nodes by comparing status messages to segment long-distance pipe communication paths.
A blockchain relay node registers nodes into a tree-structured routing table to determine target paths for message transmission.
A primary router establishes a management connection with relay routers to acquire interface identifiers and transmit control instructions.
A communication relay device stores and sends relay information to a backup server for automatic retrieval.
A user equipment operates in half duplex mode while the base station uses full duplex transmission to increase cell throughput.