A rotary-furnace gas-phase process forms spherical silicon-carbon anode particles that limit silicon expansion and improve battery life.
A thin buffer layer on pure silicon grains limits expansion damage and electrolyte reactions, helping secondary batteries retain capacity longer.
Alkali etching tunes silicon anode crystal planes to improve lithium-ion mobility, limit cracking, and preserve conductive paths.
Porous etched silicon anodes buffer lithiation swelling, preserve conductive paths, and extend lithium battery cycle life.
A mesoporous carbon support enables uniform silicon deposition and Si-C bonding to relieve expansion stress while preserving conductivity and cycle life.
Nano-silicon embedded in pitch-derived porous carbon helps limit expansion while improving initial discharge capacity, efficiency, and cycle life.