Gate electrodes manage electron collisions to suppress carbon contamination and extend operational periods in dual-mode ion detectors.
A mass spectrum display device arranges peak information along a ring-shaped mass axis to maximize visible data density.
Curved Faraday detector slit minimizes off-axis ion incidence, eliminating secondary electron loss and signal artefacts at peak shoulders.
A dual-polarity ion detector uses two fixed-voltage conversion dynodes and a shielding electrode to direct ions based on their charge.
Orthogonal readout architecture reduces image readout time by summing signals along rows and columns, enabling higher frame rates.