A centrifugal clutch disconnects the axle-driven magneto in reverse, protecting it from damage while recovering charge for the vehicle battery.
Driving speed and acceleration are limited by battery temperature and route so the pack reaches a favorable charging range with less aging.
Real-time sensing and motor control let an electric trailer add propulsion and braking, cutting towing energy loss and driver stress.
A brake resistor and motor controller add dynamic braking to micro-mobility powertrains, improving traction control without external braking systems.
Regenerative energy harvesting in a towed vehicle cuts downhill brake wear, stores recovered power, and reduces load on the towing vehicle.
An onboard HV source jumpstarts a low MODACS by isolating non-essential loads and converting propulsion power into charging voltage.
Handle force sensors and travel-state feedback let a heavy EV charging cart recognize user intent and move safely on slopes and uneven ground.
Threshold-based torque damping cuts vibration-induced pedal inputs while preserving fast acceleration and deceleration response.
Independent wheel rotation and revolution improve stair travel by avoiding front-wheel locking and maintaining balance on uneven ground.
Direct DC-DC conversion in a 48V driveline PTO cuts conversion losses and system complexity while supporting flexible vehicle load power.
Real-time sensor feedback and a trained model adjust EV motor power to improve performance, battery life, and component wear.
A second-order driveline model and disturbance torque observer suppress resonance and backlash while maintaining ride comfort across road conditions.
Fast nonlinear optimization coordinates four-tire slip ratios to improve yaw tracking, prevent slipping, and maintain vehicle stability.
An electric trailer axle with a clutch and tractor-fed inverter boosts off-road mobility while cutting towing losses, cost, and cargo-space impact.
Coordinated braking and motor torque lets an electric bike decelerate, accelerate, hold on inclines, and manage traction without rider intervention.
A protective Hall sensor housing centers and secures an elongated sensor in the magnetic core air gap for precise, non-intrusive current measurement.
Forward event detection guides accelerator release timing so eco-friendly vehicles recover more energy and avoid friction-brake losses.
Time-series route force and speed estimates let an EV switch between single- and dual-motor modes to cut energy loss and extend range.
A welded sealing ring on the metal baseplate replaces aging seals, creating a leak-resistant cooler path with better heat dissipation.
Detected trailer weight and drag let the vehicle switch towing profiles in real time to improve range, control, and towing performance.
Dynamic priority switching lowers disabled ATO check traffic so real-time train control commands avoid transmission delays.
Diagonal, staggered transistor modules and hybrid cooling cut parasitic inductance, spread heat, and shrink power electronics assemblies.
Higher motor current and speed commands add heat during BEV cold starts, preserving torque while warming the battery and motor.
A manual-transmission vehicle model lets an EV switch between hands-on pseudo shifting and automatic clutch control for familiar yet easier driving.
A screw-nut actuator enables compact EV two-speed shifting with lower power use, smooth clutch switching, and reduced transmission shock.
Closed-loop torque control at each wheel maintains target speed on mixed-friction terrain and enables tight or zero-radius turns.
Excess braking energy from a second vehicle is redirected through the coupling based on both vehicles' energy levels to reduce waste.
Shared AC phases let battery and fuel cell inverters drive one motor while preserving galvanic separation and reducing EV power electronics complexity.
Blocking operation permission and control signals stops the driving wheel reliably without large, heavy motor interruption circuits.
Route-based prep zones charge the battery and switch modes before restricted areas, helping hybrid vehicles meet zero-emission and noise rules.
Existing motor current signals feed tree and fuzzy models to detect bearing and stator insulation faults without added sensors.
Combining the battery, inverter, and control unit in one EV power module cuts cables, simplifies installation, and reduces EMC issues.
Disconnectors let a shared motor run the compressor or retarder independently while preventing reverse drag and cutting EV weight and energy loss.
Staggered front and rear torque zero-cross timing cuts gear contact noise and vibration while keeping total torque response on target.
A cascaded modular inverter uses status feedback from each DC source to balance charge states while generating cleaner AC with lower switching losses.
Pseudo clutch and shift inputs let an EV switch into MT-style torque control, preserving manual driving feel without mechanical transmission complexity.
A layered layout places the electric machine beside the controller and power electronics above it to cut shaft length and raise hybrid transmission power density.
Historical driving and pricing data guide confidence-based charging so EVs secure enough energy at lower-cost locations with less manual scheduling.
A delayed secondary motor magnetization strategy synchronizes axle torque in dynamic driving, reducing jolts while preserving fast response.
Motor windings and bridge arms handle battery charging and discharging directly, cutting hybrid powertrain cost and complexity.
Predicted vehicle speed and wheel power allocation help front and rear EV motors improve energy efficiency beyond event-based control.
A multi-inertia model derives damping torque from measured shaft speeds to suppress torsional oscillations in complex drive systems.
An inclined underfloor converter layout avoids front subframe contact in collisions while preserving harness and cooling pipe connection space.
Road-scenario weighting sets safe distance, safe speed, and motor torque to raise braking energy recovery and smooth EV deceleration.
Separate battery module groups and chiller control contain thermal events, preserve BEV operation, and help protect occupants.
Before a non-symmetrical shift, torque is limited on the hotter electrical machine to cut thermal stress and even aging across the driveline.
Raising generator voltage during overrun braking increases electric motor braking power while limiting current and thermal stress.
Pre-detecting speed bumps lets EV cruise control hold a smoother speed profile and manage motor torque to reduce pitch and ride discomfort.
Switchable series and parallel links between fixed and swappable EV battery modules extend range, speed replacement, and avoid voltage mismatch.
Engine cues tied to remaining time before a stored brake point alert the driver without requiring glances at dashboard indicators.