External sensors measure tool heat correlated to internal fluid temperature, preventing thermal failure without direct measurement complexity.
Antiparallel diodes in a transducer detect gradients using two pads, reducing area consumption and assembly costs compared to three-pad designs.
Aligned thermal sensors on a semiconductor die detect induced gradients and trigger dynamic refresh rate adjustments to prevent data loss.
A floor-based sensor array detects smoke and flame dynamics near the ceiling by orienting detection units vertically upward from deployed positions.