Oxygen-containing refrigerator oil improves compatibility with fluorinated refrigerants, preventing phase separation and reducing friction.
A low-hydroxyl polyoxyalkylene glycol lubricant keeps unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon refrigerants stable and miscible across temperatures.
Nanometer-scale microprotrusions on stainless steel cut separator contact resistance while improving hydrophilicity without conductive coatings.
Fine protrusions with mixed (111)/(001) texture cut separator contact resistance without added conductive coatings, improving hydrophilicity.
Ce-Sn-Cu alloying and controlled rolling/cooling enable marine steel plate to resist corrosion while preserving HAZ toughness under ultra-high heat input welding.
Minimal-reduction smoothing rolls cut slab roughness before furnace heating, reducing scale buildup, energy use, and strip surface defects.
Adjusting spray intensity along the cooling zone aligns Leidenfrost and phase-change temperatures to reduce strip stress and unevenness.
Automatic measurement and guide roller adjustment keep peeling stock centered, reducing allowance, material loss, and surface irregularities.
Plasma torches thin scale only at the butt joint during welding, improving steel strip weld quality without metal-shaving descaling.
Opposed single top and bottom impellers drive slurry evenly across sheet metal, reducing blinding, maintenance, and descaling cost.
A lattice partitioned rectifying member straightens nozzle flow to cut turbulence, prevent clogging, and raise jet collision force.
Rotating roller brush cleaning with blowing removes strip-surface impurities before rolling, improving aluminum finish and brush life.
Analysis pulses set a section-specific laser threshold to strip oxide from moving metal surfaces without acid pickling or substrate damage.
A configurable line routes heavy gage coils or cut sheets through one grit-slurry descaling cell, cutting equipment cost while maintaining scale removal.
Two series descaling components reverse slurry flow across sheet metal, cutting impeller count, maintenance, blinding, and energy use.
Analysis pulses determine the oxide removal threshold so laser stripping can clean running metal surfaces without acid waste or substrate damage.
Raising Si and Al in Fe-Cr alloy sheets with thermal CVD siliconizing boosts resistivity and forms a protective Al2O3 layer above 1000 °C.
Closed on-line insulation slows cooling of Ti microalloyed steel coils, equalizing temperature and promoting uniform nano-scale TiC precipitation.
Thermal CVD siliconizing raises Fe-Cr alloy resistivity and oxidation resistance while preserving sheet workability for heating above 1000°C.
Adjustable restraining rolls track sheet temperature during quenching to suppress deformation and keep cooling stable for high-strength steel.
Sequential cathodic and anodic pickling removes hot-strip scale faster while limiting hydrogen uptake, surface defects, and grain boundary oxidation.
Different nozzle radii create a more uniform descaling spray, avoiding overlap marks while cutting liquid use and pressure.
Independent dip and spray pickling modules let steel lines adjust acid concentration and temperature by coil, improving surface quality and treatment speed.
Opposed single-impeller descaling components drive slurry in reverse lateral directions to remove scale with less blinding, enclosure space, and upkeep.
Ultrasound transducers in an aqueous strip-cleaning tank adjust power by liquid level to improve contaminant removal and avoid hydrogen-related risks.
Cross-flow fluid cooling at sheet edges limits overheating during transverse flux induction heating, improving temperature uniformity and edge integrity.
Asymmetric nozzle-to-roll spacing balances upper and lower secondary scale growth, improving hot strip stability and rolling quality.
Force-sensor feedback keeps the material center aligned with the peeling head, improving surface quality while reducing manual adjustment and loss.
Surface polishing and degreasing cut microdefects and sulfur in ferritic stainless steel, improving gloss and corrosion resistance.
High-energy solid and slot nozzles improve spray pickling uniformity, shorten treatment time, and reduce pickling agent use on metal strips.
Reflected-ray sensing adjusts laser descaling for moving steel strips, removing oxide layers without acid pickling waste.
Adaptive ultrasonic power control improves moving steel strip cleaning by maintaining cavitation effectiveness as solution level changes.
Higher Si and Al with thermal CVD siliconizing raise Fe-Cr alloy resistivity and oxidation resistance for longer-lasting heating elements.
Organic acid pickling uses bar heat to remove aluminum surface oxides while avoiding hazardous alkalis, cutting energy use and handling burden.
Controlling reheating, descaling, and finish-rolling timing keeps oxide scales ductile, preserving uniform surface quality in high-strength silicon steel strip.
Endless rolling controls temperature and speed variation to produce 800 MPa hot-rolled steel sheets with uniform properties and clean surfaces.
Immediate coil insulation after coiling uses residual heat for stable slow cooling, improving TiC precipitation uniformity and steel strength.
LIBS measures oxide thickness and composition before pickling, enabling precise acid control that cuts material loss and acid use.
Movable inner side walls vary nozzle width and oblique jet impact to cool different sheet thicknesses while avoiding vapor cushion formation.
High-turbulence acid jets and abrasive particles speed steel strip pickling by removing fayalite more effectively without slowing strip throughput.
Laser descaling removes scale just before hot rolling, avoiding water-jet cooling and preserving strip temperature for immediate rolling.
Switchable immersion and spray modules adapt pickling time to steel grade, improving strip surface quality while reducing acid use.
Preconditioning iron oxide and using quasi-molten alkali salts converts alloy oxides into soluble compounds for faster AHSS descaling.
A one-piece multi-stage vane straightens high-pressure descaling flow, cutting turbulence and preserving spray impact while simplifying maintenance.
Guide segments and a dual-shell layout tailor coolant flow for more uniform quenching and lower distortion in inductive hardening.
LIBS oxide-thickness measurement lets metal strip pickling adjust acid use in real time, reducing material loss and environmental impact.
Wheel-thrown abrasive descaling replaces acid pickling in push-pull stainless strip lines, cutting tank wear, cost, and scale-related rejects.
Medium thin slab casting and direct rolling shorten production while alloy control and quenching deliver 1500 MPa steel with good formability.
Thin slab casting and direct rolling achieve 1500 MPa press hardening steel while cutting process time and reducing cracking and springback.
Driven rolls manage back tension to prevent breakage while stabilizing conductor width in tandem insulated wire production.