A device introduced in a pneumatic hammer for breaking risers.

Description

1 / 10 A device introduced into a pneumatic hammer for breaking risers. TECHNICAL FIELD

[001] This utility model relates to a new arrangement introduced in a pneumatic hammer for breaking risers, belonging to the technical field of pneumatic impact devices, such as riser breaking and demolding of metal parts, as well as other applications that require high-energy impact with operational control. The aforementioned pneumatic hammer presents innovative constructive characteristics, highlighting the reduction in the length of the air reservoir and, consequently, the decrease in the weight and overall dimensions of the equipment. This reduction is made possible by the fact that the air reservoir internally accommodates the return sleeve of the piston rod, which passes through the components of the main valve, allowing for a more integrated and compact constructive configuration. This structural arrangement enables the optimization of the internal arrangement of the components and the consequent reduction in the total length of the equipment.

[002] The pneumatic hammer also provides for the incorporation of safety devices, shock absorption systems and mechanisms for adjusting the working angle, providing greater lightness, operational safety, ergonomics and efficiency for industrial applications. HISTORY OF THE TECHNIQUE

[003] Currently, equipment designed for the removal or breaking of risers is available on the market. Risers are excess portions of solidified metallic material formed during the casting process to feed the part and compensate for the volumetric shrinkage of the metal during cooling and solidification. Equipment used for this purpose includes hand tools such as mallets, pendulum impact systems, pneumatic hammers, and other mechanical impact devices.

[004] Hand tools and pendulum impact systems have significant limitations, such as high operational risk, low productivity, and high physical effort required from the operator. These methods, in addition to Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, page 8 / 29 2 / 10 offer less precision, expose the worker to high levels of vibration, noise, and dust, increasing the incidence of accidents and occupational injuries. Additionally, they can cause damage to castings during the removal of risers, require more operating time, and imply indirect costs related to the maintenance of auxiliary equipment and the absence of operators due to fatigue or ergonomic problems.

[005] Pneumatic hammers represent an advance over hand tools, as they reduce the operator's physical effort and increase productivity. In general, such hammers comprise a resistant structural body that internally defines a cylinder in which a piston driven by compressed air moves axially. The compressed air is supplied by an external source, with a pressure of around 6 bar, and stored in an internal reservoir. Through an internal valve that opens instantly, all the accumulated air is released and directed to the casing that houses the impact pin. With this, the pin is propelled out of the casing, projecting itself against the material to be broken. The pin is projected until it encounters cushioning pads that decelerate it, allowing only the necessary extent to be exposed for breaking the material.After each impact cycle, the compressed air is released into the atmosphere through exhaust vents provided in the hammer body. These devices are designed to operate in harsh foundry environments, withstanding repetitive impacts, and can be used manually, suspended, or integrated into automated systems.

[006] A pneumatic hammer model found on the market is described in document no. JP 2001287175 and describes a pneumatic hammer in which the cylinder is internally divided into an accumulation chamber and an output chamber by a dividing wall provided with a through hole, into which a rod associated with an output piston is inserted in a retractable and sealed manner. In front of the cylinder, a percussion rod is provided, mounted for alternating axial movement in a support, with a defined clearance relative to a damping flange, allowing the generation of impact and partial shock absorption.

[007] Despite the advantages over manual methods, hammers Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, page 9 / 29 3 / 10 pneumatic systems currently available still have technical, functional, ergonomic, and economic limitations. Many models use piston sealing systems or regenerative air systems which, while necessary for operation, end up limiting the speed of the impact pin, reducing energy efficiency and equipment performance. Furthermore, the complexity of the valve systems increases manufacturing, maintenance, and operating costs.

[008] The Applicant, active in the development of pneumatic hammers and seeking to meet market needs, proposed solutions such as those described in document no. PI 1102912-9, which describes a pneumatic impact hammer without sealing and with an auxiliary return cylinder for breaking risers and similar objects. In this solution, the absence of sealing between the piston pin and the main sleeve allows for significantly high impact speeds, with the system being actuated by a single main valve. The return of the pin is carried out by means of an auxiliary cylinder whose rod is embedded in the rear of the impact piston pin, eliminating the need for complex maneuvers using multiple valves. This configuration allows for savings in compressed air, since there is no escape of air from the reservoir to the atmosphere during the return, in addition to reducing the number of valves required for the equipment to operate.

[009] Another relevant solution from the Applicant is presented in document no. PI 0800333-5, which describes a pneumatic impact hammer for breaking risers and similar components, capable of combining the breaking of risers and channels of cast parts through very high-speed impacts. In this solution, kinetic energy is predominantly transferred to the riser, reducing the energy transmission to the cast part. This characteristic minimizes the risk of damage to the parts, unlike systems based on lower-speed and higher-mass impacts, in which a significant portion of the energy can be transferred to the part, causing unwanted fractures.

[010] Despite the efficiency of the solutions previously developed, the Applicant identified the need to meet other market demands, such as reducing the impacts transmitted to the operator during equipment operation, improving working conditions, and enhancing ergonomic aspects, as Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, p. 10 / 29 4 / 10 of which are resolved by this request. FUNCTIONAL IMPROVEMENTS

[011] The pneumatic hammer features a set of functional improvements, including: i) the provision of an impact pin, whose return is carried out by means of the rod of a pneumatic cylinder which has a return sleeve that passes through the main valve, a configuration that allows this assembly to be accommodated inside the air reservoir and enables the reduction of the total length of the hammer and its weight; ii) the incorporation of safety devices, among which stand out a safety pin located at the end of the hammer, a sliding safety valve integrated into the reservoir's supply line and a valve intended to limit the maximum pressure inside the reservoir; iii) a working angle adjustment device, consisting of a set of springs arranged on the lifting handle, which allows controlled tilting movement of the hammer body, facilitating the direction of the impact tool; and iv) an impact absorption device mounted next to the handlebar, fixed to sliding bars associated with springs, which absorb part of the impact forces and promote automatic repositioning of the assembly for subsequent operation. ADVANTAGES OBTAINED

[012] The present utility model presents, as an advantage, a pneumatic hammer equipped with an impact absorption device that contributes to occupational health and safety, by reducing the impacts transmitted to the operator and minimizing the effort required to tilt the equipment during use, with such device absorbing part of the impact forces and promoting the automatic repositioning of the assembly for subsequent operation.

[013] Additionally, the pneumatic hammer proves to be more ergonomic and efficient for industrial applications, since it provides a working angle adjustment device that allows the operator to tilt the equipment up or down, facilitating correct targeting, and when the operator stops Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, page 11 / 29 5 / 10 Apply force against the lifting handle, the springs activate automatically, stabilizing the equipment in a horizontal position.

[014] Another advantage of the pneumatic hammer lies in the incorporation of safety devices, such as a safety pin that prevents accidental activation of the equipment when not in use, preventing both improper handling by unqualified persons and unintentional activation caused by residual pressures in the system, as well as a first safety valve that, when the hammer is not in operation, blocks the air inlet and allows complete drainage of residual air, ensuring greater safety during handling and storage of the equipment. In addition, an additional safety valve is provided to limit the maximum pressure of the reservoir, which, when the permissible operating pressure is exceeded, discharges the excess pressure to the environment, avoiding risks of structural failure and ensuring greater operational reliability.

[015] The pneumatic hammer also has the advantage of having a shorter and lighter air reservoir, resulting in a more compact assembly, which facilitates handling by the operator and makes the equipment more suitable for operations involving breaking risers and demolding metal parts. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[016] To complement the present description and provide a better understanding of the characteristics of the utility model and in accordance with a preferred practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached to the description, where, by way of example, though not limitation, the following is represented:

[017] Figure 1 represents an exploded perspective view of the parts that make up the innovative pneumatic hammer, especially the tilting and lifting system;

[018] Figure 2 reveals an exploded perspective view of the parts of the innovated hammer, excluding the tilting and lifting system;

[019] Figure 3 shows an exploded perspective view of the parts that make up the main valve; Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, p. 12 / 29 6 / 10

[020] Figure 4 illustrates an exploded perspective view of the parts that make up the working angle adjustment device (tilting, lifting and stabilizing system of the hammer);

[021] Figure 5 shows an exploded perspective view of the parts that make up the impact absorption device;

[022] Figure 6 shows a front perspective view of the assembled pneumatic hammer;

[023] Figure 7 shows a rear perspective view of the assembled pneumatic hammer.

[024] Figure 8 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the innovated hammer with a locking pin applied to prevent displacement of the impact pin;

[025] Figure 9 represents the same longitudinal sectional view of the innovative hammer with the locking pin unlocked, allowing the impact pin to move; and

[026] Figure 10 shows a side view of the innovative hammer, showing the possibility of adjusting the working angle of the device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE OBJECT

[027] With reference to the illustrated drawings, the present utility model relates to an ARRANGEMENT INTRODUCED IN A PNEUMATIC HAMMER FOR BREAKING RISERS, more particularly to a pneumatic hammer (100) of the type employed in industrial environments for breaking risers (MS) or for demolding metal parts (not illustrated). The said pneumatic hammer (100) consists of an air reservoir (110) of tubular configuration, whose front face is provided with a tube (111) and whose opposite end is closed by a cap (112).

[028] Inside the air reservoir (110) (see figure 2) is housed a main valve (120) intended for the longitudinal movement of an impact pin (140) housed in the tube (111) and in which it makes contact with a collision surface, the impact pin (140) and the tube (111) being devoid of sealing elements. The air reservoir (110) also receives a handle (200), intended for the manipulation of the crusher (100) by the operator (not shown).

[029] According to the present utility model, the pneumatic hammer (100) has Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, p. 13 / 29 7 / 10 air reservoir (110) installed on a support (110A) with a U-shaped cross-section and which internally houses a return sleeve (132) for a piston (130) and which passes through the valve (120) configuring a length reduction (RC) of the hammer (100), as well as said air reservoir (110) also receives a primary safety device (D1), a secondary safety device (D2), a working angle adjustment device (DA) and an impact absorption device (D1).

[030] Said sleeve (132) of the length reduction (RC), accommodates a rod (133) for moving a piston (131), which integrate a piston (130). The return sleeve (132) has a longitudinal body (132A) with length (Cl) that extends substantially throughout the length (C2) of the air reservoir (110), enabling its connection, at one end, to the compressed air inlet (EA) (not illustrated) and, at the opposite end, its anchoring in a cradle (125A) of the sealing seat (125) of the main valve (120). For this purpose, the return sleeve (132) coaxially traverses the components of the main valve (120).

[031] The main valve (120) consists of a stop (121), mounted in a tubular outer sleeve (122) faced with a set of compressed air exhaust orifices (122A). The outer sleeve (122) houses a tubular closing piston (124) which receives a closing spring (123) contained by the stop (121), the closing piston (124) and stop (121) having central access (124A) / (121A) for passing through the return sleeve (132) of the piston (130).

[032] The sealing seat (125) has a disc body with a central cradle (125A) with access (125B) for the rod (133) to pass through, and around the cradle (125A) there is a set of radial holes (125C) for the passage of compressed air (not shown).

[033] Said piston (130) has a rod (133) with an end opposite to the plunger (131) that fits into the central cradle (125A) of the sealing seat (125), entering the tube (111) to cooperate with a pair of contact stops (134), which are housed in a channel (142A) of the impact pin (140). The sealing seat (125) is housed in the core of a flange (FG1), connected by bolting to an additional flange (FG2). Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, page 14 / 29 8 / 10

[034] The said impact pin (140) has a T-shaped cross-section, its transverse base (143) being fixed parallel to the sealing seat (125), while its longitudinal portion (142) remains guided by annular supports (160), which conduct the axial displacement of the longitudinal portion (142) to an extension sleeve (111A), responsible for the functional exposure of the impact pin (140).

[035] The pneumatic hammer (100) also provides a primary safety device (D1), consisting of a safety locking pin (60) disposed in an intermediate extension (111B) located between the tube (111) and the extension sleeve (111A), said locking pin (60) being intended to prevent or release the advance of the impact pin (140) in the internal channel (111a') of the sleeve (111A).The pneumatic hammer also includes a secondary safety device (D2), consisting of a sliding safety valve (VI) installed on the top (112) of the air reservoir (110), which blocks the supply of compressed air when the equipment is not in operation. Additionally, a tertiary safety device (D3) is provided, comprising a safety valve (V2) intended for detecting and limiting the maximum pressure inside the air reservoir (110), also installed on the aforementioned top (112).

[036] The pneumatic hammer (100) also provides a working angle adjustment device (DA), intended to allow controlled tilting movement of the pneumatic hammer body (100) and consisting of supports (170), installed in parallel on the upper and lower faces of the air reservoir (110), which support a lifting handle (180) of substantially U-shaped shape that make up longitudinal rods (181) of the lifting handle (180) and are anchored to said supports (170) by means of a through shaft (171).

[037] The supports (170) are formed by parallelepiped blocks provided with a contiguous alignment of holes (172), which enable adjustment of the longitudinal position of the lifting handle (180), allowing its forward or backward movement, as well as variation of the angle of the handle (180) in relation to the body of the pneumatic hammer (100). On one of the faces of the supports (170) there is also a pair of stabilizing springs (173), connected to a rocker arm support (174) by means of a Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, page 15 / 29 9 / 10 screw (175), which assist in automatic return and stability of the assembly during operation.

[038] The pneumatic hammer (100) also features an impact absorption device (Dl), designed to reduce the transmission of impact forces to the operator and to the structural components of the equipment, said impact absorption device (Dl) being installed contiguously to the sealing seat (125), by means of a front flange (FG2) fixed by a set of axial screws (PF). Said device (Dl) consists of a platform (190) equipped with a side wall (191) provided with an arched edge (191a), configured to follow the radius of the flange (FG2). From its inner face, the platform (190) develops a substantially L-shaped extension (192), which defines a receiving region (Rl) of a pair of cylindrical spring-receiving bars (BC) responsible for absorbing part of the impact energy generated during operation and for promoting the automatic repositioning of the assembly for subsequent operation.The platform (190), the cylindrical bars (BC) and the longitudinal springs (ML) are housed and protected by a sliding box (194) with one of the transverse walls (194a) equipped with holes (194b) for fixing the free end of the bars (BC), as well as serving as support for the handlebar (200), which in turn is provided with a substantially U-shaped body (201), angled handles (202) intended for ergonomic support of the user's hands (not illustrated) and operating buttons (203).

[039] In operation, when the firing is commanded, the main valve (120) controls the intake of compressed air from the reservoir jacket (132) to act on the impact pin (142), propelling it axially towards the front working end. Because it is free of seals, the impact pin (142) moves with less resistance to movement, converting pneumatic energy into impact kinetic energy more efficiently, which is particularly advantageous in applications where the impact speed is crucial for breaking the riser (MS) with low energy transfer to the main part.

[040] After impact, the return of the impact pin (142) is promoted by the rod. Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, p. 16 / 29 10 / 10 (133) associated with the sleeve (132), whose through arrangement in the piston (124) of the main valve (120) allows a more compact and functionally coordinated architecture.

[041] The preferred embodiment of the present utility model has been described, and any modifications and / or alterations should be understood as within the scope of the utility model presented. Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, p. 17 / 29

Claims

1 / 2 CLAIM 1. ARRANGEMENT INTRODUCED IN A PNEUMATIC HAMMER FOR BREAKING RISERS, a pneumatic hammer (100) of the type used for breaking risers (MS) or for demolding metal parts, comprising a tubular air reservoir (110) provided, on its front face, with a tube (111) and, at the opposite end, with a cap (112), wherein inside the air reservoir (110) is installed a main valve (120) intended for the longitudinal movement of an impact pin (140) guided by the tube (111), the air reservoir (110) being provided with a handle (200) for manipulation by the operator, characterized by the hydraulic hammer (100) having an air reservoir (110) installed on a support (110A) of U-shaped cross-section and internally accommodating a return sleeve (132) of a piston (130),said return sleeve (132) has a longitudinal body (132A) with a length (Cl) corresponding to the length (C2) of the air reservoir (110) and passes coaxially through the main valve (120), configuring a length reduction (RC), the return sleeve (132) being connected, at one end, to the compressed air inlet (EA) and, at the opposite end, anchored in a cradle (125A) of a sealing seat (125); the sealing seat (125) has a disc-shaped body with said central cradle (125A) provided with an access (125B) for the passage of the rod (133) and a set of radial holes (125C) for the passage of compressed air, the sealing seat (125) being accommodated in the core of a flange (FG1) connected by bolting to a front flange (FG2) fixed by axial bolts (PF); the main valve (120) consists of a cap (121), a tubular outer sleeve (122) provided with compressed air escape orifices (122A),tubular closing piston (124) associated with closing spring (123), the closing piston (124) and the cap (121) having central accesses (124A), (121A) for the return sleeve (132), the piston (130) comprising piston (131) and rod (133), the rod (133) cooperating with a pair of contact stops (134) housed in a channel (142A) of the impact pin (140); the impact pin (140) has a T-shaped cross-section, with a transverse base (143) fixed parallel to the sealing seat (125) and a longitudinal portion (142) guided by annular supports (160) to a sleeve of Petition 870260018404, of 27 / 02 / 2026, page 18 / 29, 2 / 2 extension (111A) with internal channel (111a') and which connects to intermediate extension (111B) in which a primary safety device (D1) acts, formed by safety locking pin (60); the lid (112) of the reservoir (110) receives the secondary safety device (D2) consisting of a sliding safety valve (VI), as well as a tertiary safety device (D3) consisting of a safety valve (V2); on the outer face of the reservoir (110) is provided a working angle adjustment device (DA) consisting of supports (170) provided with contiguous alignment of holes (172) that support a U-shaped lifting handle (180), equipped with longitudinal rods (181) anchored to the supports (170) by means of a through shaft (171), with a pair of stabilizing springs (173) provided on one of the faces of the supports (170) connected to a rocker arm support (174) by means of a screw (175);Installed adjacent to the sealing seat (125) by means of the front flange (FG2) is mounted an impact absorption device (Dl) consisting of a platform (190) provided with a side wall (191) provided with an arched edge (191a), developing from its inner face an L-shaped extension (192) that defines the receiving region (Rl) of a pair of cylindrical bars (BC) receiving longitudinal springs (ML), the platform (190), the cylindrical bars (BC) and the springs (ML) being housed in a sliding box (194) provided with a transverse wall (194a) provided with holes (194b) for fixing the free end of the bars (BC), also serving as support for the handlebar (200), which has a U-shaped body (201) with angled handles (202). Petition 870260018404, dated 27 / 02 / 2026, pp. 19 / 29;

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