A combined drain outlet

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of drainage outlet structure, and particularly relates to a combined drainage outlet. The combined drainage outlet comprises a submerged dike and a water outlet buried in the submerged dike; the submerged dike has a trapezoidal cross section, and the top elevation is above the mean sea level; a first prefabricated drainage pipe extends from the coast to the submerged dike, and drains water through the water outlet. The submerged dike comprises a prefabricated tee joint, a second prefabricated drainage pipe connected to the prefabricated tee joint, and a third prefabricated drainage pipe connected to the second prefabricated drainage pipe, and the first prefabricated drainage pipe is connected to the prefabricated tee joint. The present application solves the problems of high cofferdam cost, easy impact of dredging and siltation after completion, landscape depression of the beach surface, and personnel safety risk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drainage outlet structures, specifically a combined drainage outlet that integrates a submerged dike and a drainage outlet. Background Technology

[0002] During coastal development, many drainage pipelines for corresponding municipal infrastructure are laid along the coastline. With the progress of shoreline ecological restoration projects, drainage outlets are now directly discharging into the beach or wetlands. Considering the protection of the shoreline restoration project content and the requirements for landscape effects, it is necessary to extend the drainage outlets seaward. Traditional drainage pipe and outlet designs can refer to drainage atlases. The following scheme is adopted for drainage outlet extension: remove the existing shoreline drainage outlets, determine the drainage longitudinal slope according to the required elevation of the drainage outlet at the extension location, pre-bury pipes or culverts in trenches, and the outlet type can be either figure-eight, straight, or gate-shaped, with materials such as masonry blocks or concrete.

[0003] The above drainage outlet types have been tested and proven over many years to be suitable for outdoor drainage of various buildings and drainage of river embankments. However, due to the unique characteristics of the ocean, directly implementing drainage outlet methods according to the atlas during coastal engineering construction has the following disadvantages:

[0004] 1. For masonry or concrete drainage outlets, dry-site casting is required. For land-based structures, direct surface discharge or excavation of foundation pits can meet the requirements. River embankments can be constructed by setting up cofferdams to create dry ground. Ocean tides are classified as semi-diurnal, diurnal, and mixed tides. These three tide types mean that coastal projects are submerged for a certain period each day, making direct casting of drainage outlets impossible. Wind creates waves on the sea surface, and even without wind, waves can still propagate to the nearshore area as swells. The construction of cofferdams for new drainage outlets in coastal projects must consider the impact of waves. For drainage outlets constructed during the flood season, the storm surge resistance level of the cofferdam structure must be the same as that of the main dike. Designing for dry-site cofferdam construction often results in the cofferdam's workload and cost exceeding the workload and cost of the drainage outlet itself.

[0005] 2. The building's outdoor drainage outlets do not suffer from scouring and siltation issues. The river channel has a short wind zone, and the impact of river waves on sediment movement is minimal. The atlas demonstrates how riverbed revetment protects the outlet base from water scouring. Setting the outlet on the riverbank slope at a certain height above the riverbed avoids siltation. Coastal projects are affected by wave-driven sand erosion and water flow, leading to drastic shoreline evolution. The atlas shows that the outer bottom revetment of the outlet cannot resist wave erosion or prevent siltation. The outlet faces the waves directly, making it prone to scouring of the outlet base or blockage, resulting in poor drainage.

[0006] 3. The water outlet shown in the atlas will create a depression on the beach surface after completion, resulting in a poor landscape effect and posing a risk of falls for beach visitors or wetland maintenance workers. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a combined drainage outlet, which solves the problems of high cofferdam costs, susceptibility to scouring and siltation after construction, beach depression affecting the landscape, and personnel safety risks in the current coastal engineering drainage outlet implementation process.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A combined drainage outlet includes a submerged breakwater and an outlet buried within the breakwater; the breakwater has a trapezoidal cross-section and its top elevation is located above the mean tide level; a first prefabricated drainage pipe extends from the coastline into the breakwater and drains water through the outlet.

[0010] Preferably, the submerged breakwater is a wave-dissipating or beach-protecting submerged breakwater in a shoreline restoration project.

[0011] Furthermore, the outlet includes a prefabricated tee interface, a second prefabricated drain pipe connected to the prefabricated tee interface, and a third prefabricated drain pipe connected to the second prefabricated drain pipe, wherein the first prefabricated drain pipe is connected to the prefabricated tee interface.

[0012] Furthermore, the first prefabricated drainage pipe is buried in the sand, and the outlet is buried inside the submerged dike. The drainage outlet structure is not exposed, which avoids personnel safety risks while ensuring the landscape effect.

[0013] Furthermore, a grating plate is installed at the end of the third prefabricated drainage pipe to facilitate water flow and reduce the risk of drainage pipe blockage.

[0014] Furthermore, the prefabricated tee joint, the second prefabricated drainage pipe, and the third prefabricated drainage pipe openings are spaced a certain thickness of rubble from the top of the submerged dike, which significantly reduces the risk of erosion and siltation at the drainage outlets.

[0015] Furthermore, a grating plate is installed in the top opening of the prefabricated drainage pipe inside the submerged dike. Maintenance personnel can walk to the top of the drainage outlet through the beach and the rock-filled submerged dike, remove the top stones at the opening of the prefabricated drainage pipe, open the grating plate in the hole, and regularly clean the silt accumulated in the drainage outlet to ensure that the drainage pipe is unobstructed.

[0016] Furthermore, a drainage outlet foundation is constructed below the first prefabricated drainage pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the submerged dike is constructed of rubble, with its top elevation higher than the average tide level. The construction adopts the land-based advancement method, and the submerged dike also serves as a construction access road. The first prefabricated drainage pipe, the prefabricated tee interface, the second prefabricated drainage pipe, and the third prefabricated drainage pipe are all hoisted and placed on the top of the submerged dike using construction machinery. No cofferdam is required for the construction of the drainage outlet.

[0018] This structure has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] This invention utilizes a submerged breakwater, eliminating the need for cofferdams during drainage outlet construction through prefabrication and hoisting. It overcomes the drawbacks of drainage outlets being susceptible to wave erosion and siltation, and avoids the risks of beach surface depression at the outlet affecting the landscape and personnel safety. Its simple structure makes it particularly suitable for shoreline restoration projects with wave-dissipating or beach-protecting submerged breakwaters. It combines shoreline restoration and drainage outlets, fully utilizing the submerged breakwater's function to protect the shoreline restoration while meeting the requirements for coastal drainage outlet construction and drainage. This invention also utilizes a riprap submerged breakwater in a beach with a riprap structure to set up the drainage outlet, satisfying both the beach's erosion prevention function and solving the problem of extending drainage culverts. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the first prefabricated drainage pipe structure in a certain embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water outlet in this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first prefabricated drainage pipe in this invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated tee interface in this invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second prefabricated drainage pipe in this invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third prefabricated drainage pipe in this invention.

[0027] Attached to the diagram: 1. Submerged dike; 2. Outlet; 3. Precast tee joint; 4. First precast drainage pipe; 5. Second precast drainage pipe; 6. Third precast drainage pipe; 7. Drainage outlet foundation; 8. Grating. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] A combined drainage outlet includes an outer submerged dike 1, a first prefabricated drainage pipe 4, and a water outlet 2, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0030] The submerged dike 1 is a trapezoidal riprap dike with its top elevation located above the average tide level.

[0031] The upper part of the drainage outlet foundation 7 consists of a first prefabricated drainage pipe 4, a prefabricated tee joint 3, a second prefabricated drainage pipe 5, and a third prefabricated drainage pipe 6, arranged sequentially from the existing coastline to the open sea. The drainage outlet foundation 7 can reduce the uneven settlement of the first prefabricated drainage pipe 4, the prefabricated tee joint 3, the second prefabricated drainage pipe 5, and the third prefabricated drainage pipe 6 on the foundation.

[0032] The outlet 2 includes a prefabricated tee interface 3, a second prefabricated drainage pipe 5, and a third prefabricated drainage pipe 6.

[0033] The prefabricated tee interface 3 of this combined drainage outlet is partially buried in the submerged breakwater 1. Its function is to connect the first prefabricated drainage pipe 4 extending from the existing coastline and the second prefabricated drainage pipe 5 buried in the submerged breakwater 1. The part of the pipe buried in the submerged breakwater 1 has an opening at the top, and a grating plate 8 is installed in the opening. The grating plate 8 can prevent the falling of rocks from the top of the submerged breakwater 1, and the water coming from the first prefabricated drainage pipe 4 can be discharged upward through the grating plate 8.

[0034] The second prefabricated drainage pipe 5 of this combined drainage outlet is buried in the submerged dike 1. Its function is to connect the prefabricated tee interface 3 and the third prefabricated drainage pipe 6. The top of the second prefabricated drainage pipe 5 has an opening, and a grid plate 8 is installed in the opening. The length of the second prefabricated drainage pipe 5 can be determined according to the drainage head difference and drainage volume. For drainage projects with large head difference and large drainage volume, the second prefabricated drainage pipe 5 can be lengthened accordingly.

[0035] The third prefabricated drainage pipe 6 of this combined drainage outlet is buried in the submerged dike 1. Its function is to connect the second prefabricated drainage pipe 5. The top of the third prefabricated drainage pipe 6 has an opening, and a grating plate 8 is installed in the opening. A grating plate 8 is also installed on the side facing outwards. The function of the grating plate 8 is to prevent stones from falling into the pipe while facilitating the discharge of water.

[0036] The beach portion of this structure is all located below the beach surface. The extension method is determined based on the elevation of the culvert connection point. If the elevation of the culvert connection point is higher than the beach surface, a drop well is installed at the revetment location to control the culverts within the beach area to be below the beach surface elevation, thus avoiding any landscape issues.

[0037] Implementation process of this embodiment:

[0038] The shoreline restoration project utilizes a submerged breakwater 1. The top elevation of breakwater 1 is above the mean tide level, allowing for the installation and hoisting of the first prefabricated drainage pipe 4, prefabricated tee joint 3, second prefabricated drainage pipe 5, and third prefabricated drainage pipe 6 at low tide using breakwater 1, eliminating the need for cofferdams. When waves from the open sea reach nearshore, the weight of the boulders meets the wave scouring requirements, preventing damage to the drainage outlet structure and foundation. When shoreline evolution causes siltation at the drainage outlet, breakwater 1 can block some of the silt. Simultaneously, the upward-facing openings and grating plates 8 in outlet 2, with the pipe diameter height designed to accommodate siltation, significantly reduce siltation. The grating plates 8 on the top of the prefabricated tee joint 3, second prefabricated drainage pipe 5, and third prefabricated drainage pipe 6 can all be opened, allowing maintenance personnel to access the drainage outlet via the beach and breakwater 1. This facilitates the removal of the top boulders at the prefabricated drainage pipe openings, opening the grating plates 8 within the openings, and periodically cleaning the silt accumulated in the drainage outlet to ensure unobstructed drainage. The first prefabricated drainage pipe 4 is buried below the beach surface. The prefabricated tee joint 3 is partially buried below the beach surface and partially buried in the submerged dike 1. The second prefabricated drainage pipe 5 and the third prefabricated drainage pipe 6 are both buried in the submerged dike 1. The openings of the prefabricated tee joint 3, the second prefabricated drainage pipe 5, and the third prefabricated drainage pipe 6 are a certain thickness of rubble from the top of the submerged dike 1, which can avoid beach surface subsidence and personnel safety risks.

[0039] This invention overcomes the drawbacks of traditional drainage outlets, such as high cofferdam costs, susceptibility to scouring and siltation, beach subsidence affecting the landscape, and safety risks to personnel, by combining submerged dikes and outlets. It is particularly suitable for sea areas with large waves and dramatic shoreline changes, better matching the actual hydrodynamic conditions of coastal drainage outlets, thus achieving better drainage performance and ensuring the safety of flood control in the land area behind the coastline.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined drainage outlet, characterized in that, It includes a submerged breakwater (1) and an outlet (2) buried inside the submerged breakwater; the submerged breakwater (1) has a trapezoidal cross-section and its top elevation is above the average tide level; a first prefabricated drainage pipe (4) extends from the coast into the submerged breakwater (1) and drains water through the outlet (2); The outlet (2) includes a prefabricated tee interface (3), a second prefabricated drainage pipe (5) connected to the prefabricated tee interface (3), and a third prefabricated drainage pipe (6) connected to the second prefabricated drainage pipe (5). The first prefabricated drainage pipe (4) is connected to the prefabricated tee interface (3). The openings of the prefabricated tee interface (3), the second prefabricated drainage pipe (5), and the third prefabricated drainage pipe (6) are a certain thickness of rubble at the top of the submerged dike (1). A grating plate (8) is installed at the end of the third prefabricated drainage pipe (6). A grating plate (8) is installed in the opening at the top of the prefabricated drainage pipe inside the submerged dike (1). A drainage outlet foundation (7) is constructed below the first prefabricated drainage pipe (4). The first prefabricated drainage pipe (4) is an extension of the existing coastal drainage pipe or culvert. When the existing coastal drainage pipe or culvert is lower than the beach surface, the first prefabricated drainage pipe (4) is directly extended to it and buried in the beach. When the existing coastal drainage pipe or culvert is higher than the beach surface, a drop well is set at the revetment position. The existing coastal drainage pipe or culvert is connected to the drop well. The first prefabricated drainage pipe (4) is connected from the drop well and buried in the beach. One end of the outlet (2) is connected to the first prefabricated drainage pipe (4) and buried in the submerged dike (1).

2. The combined drain outlet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The submerged dike (1) is constructed of boulders.

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