Compound Chinese herbal medicine composition for improving cadmium stress resistance of fancy carp and application method of compound Chinese herbal medicine composition

Abstract

The invention provides a compound Chinese herbal medicine composition for improving the cadmium stress resistance of fancy carps and an application method of the compound Chinese herbal medicine composition. The compound Chinese herbal medicine composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1%-10% of dandelion, 1%-10% of astragalus membranaceus, 1%-10% of codonopsis pilosula, 1%-10% of liquorice, 1%-10% of radix isatidis, 10%-20% of eucommia ulmoides, 5%-25% of houttuynia cordata, 5%-15% of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 5%-15% of golden cypress, 5%-15% of When the compound Chinese herbal medicine composition is applied, the compound Chinese herbal medicine composition is added into basal feed according to 0.5%-1.5% of the mass of the basal feed to feed the fancy carp, so that the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxide, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase of livers of the fancy carp under cadmium stress, the content of malondialdehyde in the livers and the total antioxidant capacity of the fancy carp can be improved; the cost is low, the operation is simple, the implementation is easy, and the popularization prospect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that usually accumulates in water and food and then accumulates in aquatic organisms, causing stress and damage to aquatic organisms. Cd usually exists in divalent form in water (Cd 2+ ), can form insoluble metal protein salts with tissue protein carboxyl groups, and can also form stable metal thiolates with sulfhydryl groups, thereby inhibiting and destroying the activity of many enzyme systems in the kidney, liver and other tissues of the organism, and ultimately toxic to the organism; moreover, it can also interfere with the metabolism of copper, cobalt, zinc and other ions in the animal body and produce toxic effects, and induce free radicals at the cellular level to cause lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Koi is a fish of the Cyprinidae family. It has a muscular physique, bright colors, varied patterns, and a majestic swimming posture. It is a very popular high-end ornamental fish in recent years, and is known as a "living gem in the water" and a "swimming work of art." Cd is also present in koi farming. 2+ In order to solve the problem of cadmium stress, in the prior art, therapeutic drugs are usually used for treatment only when koi carp show symptoms due to cadmium stress. Moreover, these therapeutic drugs may be enriched in the body of koi carp and thus affect the health of koi carp, and may also cause koi carp to develop drug resistance due to long-term use.

[0003] As a green feed additive with no toxic side effects, no residue, and no drug resistance, Chinese herbal medicine has always been favored by aquaculture. Compound Chinese herbal medicine combines a variety of different Chinese medicines to effectively stimulate the efficacy and achieve good prevention and treatment effects. For example, Chinese invention patent application No. 202010164651.X proposes a Chinese herbal medicine formula for koi deworming and improving immunity, which contains the following components by weight: 25-40 parts of licorice, 20-35 parts of betel nut, 20-30 parts of neem, 5-10 parts of alum, 10-20 parts of pomegranate peel, 10-20 parts of Brucea brucea, and 10-15 parts of artemisinin; the Chinese herbal medicine formula has the effect of significantly improving the immunity of koi and preventing the production of parasites, and helps the contraction of uterine smooth muscle and promotes the ovulation of female koi. For another example: Chinese invention patent application No. 201510584940.4 proposes a Chinese herbal feed additive for preventing koi bacterial gill rot and a preparation method thereof. The Chinese herbal feed additive includes the following components in parts by mass: 23-34 parts of onion juice, 20-28 parts of dandelion, 18-25 parts of orchid ginseng, 18-25 parts of calamus, 17-25 parts of whitehead, 16-22 parts of mugwort, 16-22 parts of mulberry bark, 12-19 parts of small thief grass, 6-13 parts of Pu'er cooked tea, 15-24 parts of bromeliad, 9-14 parts of oroxylum, 6-13 parts of viola yedoensis, 8-13 parts of brocade lantern, 6-11 parts of peppermint oil, 18-29 parts of dried earthworm powder, 6-12 parts of fish oil, etc., which has a good preventive effect on koi bacterial gill rot. However, currently, the application of compound Chinese herbal medicines in koi farming is mostly for preventing and treating various common diseases of koi, and there is no research or report on compound Chinese herbal medicines that can improve the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress and an application method thereof.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0006] A compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1%-10% of dandelion, 1%-10% of astragalus, 1%-10% of codonopsis, 1%-10% of liquorice, 1%-10% of isatis root, 10%-20% of eucommia, 5%-25% of houttuynia, 5%-15% of toosendan, 5%-15% of phellodendron, 5%-15% of radix cyrtonema and 1%-10% of honeysuckle.

[0007] Dandelion, nature and flavor: bitter, sweet, cold, meridians entered: liver, stomach meridians, functions and indications: clearing away heat and detoxifying, diuretic and dispersing nodules, treating acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, scrofula, carbuncle, acute conjunctivitis, cold and fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infection, etc.

[0008] Astragalus is slightly warm in nature, sweet in taste, and enters the spleen and lung meridians. Its functions and indications: tonifying Qi and strengthening the exterior, expelling toxins and draining pus, promoting diuresis, and promoting tissue regeneration. It is used for Qi deficiency and fatigue, long-term diarrhea and prolapse of the anus, spontaneous sweating, edema, uterine prolapse, proteinuria in chronic nephritis, diabetes, and wounds that do not heal for a long time.

[0009] Codonopsis pilosula is mild in nature and sweet in taste. Its functions and indications include tonifying the middle and replenishing qi, harmonizing the stomach and promoting the production of body fluid, removing phlegm and relieving cough. It is used for spleen deficiency, poor appetite, loose stools, weakness in the limbs, palpitations, shortness of breath, dry mouth, spontaneous sweating, prolapse of the anus, and prolapse of the uterus.

[0010] Licorice has anti-adrenocortical hormone, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-tumor, antitussive and expectorant, analgesic, detoxifying and anticonvulsant effects. It also has liver protection, antipyretic, anti-ulcer, antispasmodic, inhibits gastric acid secretion, lowers lipids and regulates immune functions.

[0011] Isatis root has antibacterial, antiviral, leptospirotic and immune-boosting functions.

[0012] Eucommia ulmoides is sweet and slightly spicy in nature and warm in flavor. It enters the liver and kidney meridians, nourishes the liver and kidneys, strengthens the tendons and bones, and stabilizes the fetus. It is used for liver and kidney deficiency, soreness of the waist and knees, weakness of the tendons and bones, dizziness, bleeding during pregnancy, and restless fetus.

[0013] Houttuynia cordata is pungent in nature and cold in flavor. It has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxifying, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling. It can treat pneumonia, lung abscess, dysentery, malaria, edema, gonorrhea, leucorrhea, carbuncle, hemorrhoids, prolapse of the anus, eczema, baldness and scabies.

[0014] Toosendan fruit is bitter and cold in nature. It enters the liver, stomach, and small intestine meridians. It has the functions of reducing dampness and heat, clearing liver fire, relieving pain, and killing insects. It is used to treat heat syncope, heart pain, flank pain, hernia pain, and abdominal pain caused by worm accumulation.

[0015] Huangbai (Phellodendron chinense) is bitter in taste and cold in nature. It enters the kidney, bladder, and large intestine meridians. It can clear away heat and dampness, purge fire and detoxify, remove bone steaming and clear deficiency heat. It is used for diarrhea caused by damp heat, jaundice, leucorrhea, hot stranguria, beriberi, paralysis, bone steaming, fatigue fever, night sweats, spermatorrhea, sores, swelling and toxins, and itching due to eczema.

[0016] Chuanduan is warm in nature, bitter in taste, and enters the liver and kidney meridians. It has the effects of tonifying the liver and kidneys, strengthening the tendons and bones, and calming the fetus.

[0017] Honeysuckle is cold in nature and sweet in taste. It enters the lung, heart, and stomach meridians. It has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, tonifying deficiency and treating wind. It is mainly used to treat bloating, fever due to febrile diseases, heat-toxic carbuncles and tumors.

[0018] The invention provides a compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress. Multiple Chinese medicines are selected for compatibility and effective ingredients in each Chinese medicine are fully extracted, so that the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress can be significantly improved.

[0019] Preferably, the following components are included in percentage by mass: 6% dandelion, 7% astragalus, 7% codonopsis, 7% liquorice, 7% isatis root, 15% eucommia, 15% houttuynia, 10% toosendan, 10% phellodendron, 10% chuanxiong and 6% honeysuckle.

[0020] Furthermore, each component is a powder.

[0021] The present invention also provides an application method of the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress: adding the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination to basic feed to feed koi, the mass percentage ratio of the addition amount of the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination to the basic feed is 0.5%-1.5%.

[0022] The breeding experiment confirmed that the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress, when used according to the above method, can improve the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxide, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in the liver of koi under cadmium stress and the content of malondialdehyde in the liver, and improve the total antioxidant capacity of koi under cadmium stress.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. It can improve the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress, reduce the probability of koi getting sick when under cadmium stress, play a good preventive role, and avoid koi taking passive measures when symptoms occur;

[0025] 2. It will not accumulate in the body of koi and affect the health of koi, nor will it cause koi to develop drug resistance due to long-term use;

[0026] 3. Low cost, simple operation, easy to implement, and has good promotion prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 6% of dandelion, 7% of astragalus, 7% of codonopsis, 7% of liquorice, 7% of isatis root, 15% of eucommia, 15% of houttuynia, 10% of toosendan, 10% of phellodendron, 10% of radix cyrtonema and 6% of honeysuckle.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of dandelion, 1% of astragalus, 10% of codonopsis, 1% of liquorice, 10% of isatis root, 10% of eucommia, 25% of houttuynia, 5% of toosendan fruit, 15% of phellodendron, 5% of radix cyrtonema and 8% of honeysuckle.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] A compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of dandelion, 10% of astragalus, 1% of codonopsis, 10% of liquorice, 1% of isatis root, 20% of eucommia, 5% of houttuynia, 15% of toosendan fruit, 12% of phellodendron, 15% of radix cyrtonema and 10% of honeysuckle.

[0034] Example 4

[0035] A compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress, comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of dandelion, 5% of astragalus, 5% of codonopsis, 5% of liquorice, 5% of isatis root, 15% of eucommia, 10% of houttuynia, 13% of toosendan fruit, 11% of phellodendron, 15% of radix cyrtonema and 1% of honeysuckle.

[0036] The breeding experiment confirmed that the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination obtained in the above Examples 1-4 can improve the activities of liver superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxide, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and liver malondialdehyde content of koi under cadmium stress when added to the basic feed at a mass percentage of 0.5%-1.5%, and improve the total antioxidant capacity of koi under cadmium stress. Taking Example 1 as an example, the effect of the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on the antioxidant index and the liver function index of koi under cadmium stress is specifically investigated.

[0037] 1. Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on antioxidant indexes of koi under cadmium stress

[0038] Select koi with consistent specifications, active and healthy. Divide into 4 groups for the test, 4 boxes in each group, and 25 fish in each box. First, conduct a heavy metal cadmium ion stress experiment, with 100 mg / L of cadmium added to each group. After 72 hours of stress, start feeding the basic feed added with the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination shown in Example 1 (the mass percentage ratio of the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination added in each group to the basic feed is 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, respectively). Sampling is performed at 0d (i.e. 72h after stress), 7d, and 14d, and the fish are stopped from eating for 24h before sampling. Dissect on an ice tray, take out the liver, put it into a sealed plastic bag, and store it in a refrigerator at -20℃ for later use. When measuring tissue, first take a sample, weigh it, add 9 times the mass of the sample, and homogenize it with physiological saline. Then centrifuge the homogenate and take the supernatant to measure the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver. The results are shown in Tables 1-5 below.

[0039] Table 1 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on SOD activity of koi under cadmium stress (unit: U / mgprot)

[0040]

[0041] Table 2 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on MDA content in koi under cadmium stress (unit: nmol / mgprot)

[0042]

[0043] Table 3 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on T-AOC activity of koi under cadmium stress (unit: U / mgprot)

[0044]

[0045] Table 4 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on koi POD activity under cadmium stress (unit: U / mgprot)

[0046]

[0047] Table 5 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on GSH-PX activity of koi under cadmium stress (unit: U / mgprot)

[0048]

[0049] As shown in Tables 1 to 5, after 14 days of feeding, the activities of T-AOC and POD in the liver of koi in each experimental group were significantly increased; the activity of SOD showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing over time, and the SOD activity of the 1.0% group was the highest at 7 days, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the MDA content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing over time, and the MDA content of the 1.0% group was the lowest at 7 days, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the activity of GSH-PX was the highest in the 1% group at 14 days, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).

[0050] 2. Effects of Chinese herbal medicine combination on liver function indexes of koi under cadmium stress

[0051] Select koi with consistent specifications, lively and healthy. Divide into 4 groups for the test, each group has 4 boxes, and each box has 25 fish. First, carry out the heavy metal cadmium ion stress experiment, and the cadmium addition amount of each group is 100 mg / L. After 72 hours of stress, start feeding the basic feed added with the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination shown in Example 1 (the mass percentage ratio of the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination to the basic feed is 2.5%), and take samples at 0d (i.e. 72h after stress), 7d, and 14d, respectively, and stop feeding for 24h before sampling. When drawing blood, a small amount of heparin is sucked into the syringe in advance, and then blood is taken from the ventral side of the tail peduncle of the koi, centrifuged at 4°C and 3000rpm for 10min, and then the supernatant is drawn for the determination of alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) in serum. The results are shown in Tables 6-7 below.

[0052] Table 6 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on GPT activity of koi under cadmium stress (unit: U / mL)

[0053]

[0054] Table 7 Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine combination on GOT activity of koi under cadmium stress (unit: U / mL)

[0055]

[0056] It can be seen from Tables 6 and 7 that the addition of the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination at a mass percentage of 0.5%-1.5% can reduce the GOT and GPT activities in the serum of koi, especially at 1.0%, which has a particularly good effect. It can be seen that the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination proposed in the present invention does improve the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1%-10% of dandelion, 1%-10% of astragalus, 1%-10% of codonopsis, 1%-10% of liquorice, 1%-10% of isatis root, 10%-20% of eucommia, 5%-25% of houttuynia, 5%-15% of toosendan fruit, 5%-15% of phellodendron, 5%-15% of radix cyrtonema and 1%-10% of honeysuckle.

2. The compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6% of dandelion, 7% of astragalus, 7% of codonopsis, 7% of liquorice, 7% of isatis root, 15% of eucommia, 15% of houttuynia, 10% of toosendan fruit, 10% of phellodendron, 10% of chuanxiong and 6% of honeysuckle.

3. The compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: All components are powders.

4. A method for applying the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination for improving the ability of koi to resist cadmium stress as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The compound Chinese herbal medicine combination is added to the basic feed to feed the koi, and the mass percentage ratio of the added amount of the compound Chinese herbal medicine combination to the basic feed is 0.5%-1.5%.

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