Vehicle heavy-load stable starting and retarding transmission device, vehicle and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle heavy-load stable starting and retarding transmission device, a vehicle and a method, solves the problem that in the prior art, a braking system is seriously damaged in the long downhill running process of the vehicle, and has the beneficial effects that the speed is buffered in the downhill running process of the vehicle, and stable starting of the vehicle is achieved. According to the specific scheme, the heavy-load stable starting and retarding transmission device for the vehicle comprises a main clutch and a retarder driving wheel, the main clutch and the retarder driving wheel are connected with a flywheel of a fuel engine, the main clutch is connected with a transmission shaft through a shock absorber, and the transmission shaft is connected with a gearbox. The core portion of the retarder fixed wheel is connected with the transmission shaft through a sliding sleeve bearing or a one-way clutch, the retarder fixed wheel is connected with the retarder fixed wheel brake, the retarder movable wheel and the retarder fixed wheel form the hydraulic retarder, and working oil in a working cavity of the hydraulic retarder is opened or closed, controlled to be charged and discharged and adjusted to be charged through an oil charging adjusting mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vehicle transmission control, and in particular to a heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device, a vehicle and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Hydraulic transmission has been widely used in the fields of mining, energy, chemical industry, transportation, etc. due to its unique flexible transmission, load starting, overload protection, stepless regulation and other characteristics. With the development of the economy, the full-time and full-area arrival of logistics and transportation vehicles is an inevitable requirement for the development of the industry. On the one hand, manual gearboxes in the field of transportation vehicles will continue to dominate for a certain period of time. Restricted by the engine speed-torque characteristics, the smooth start of heavy-loaded vehicles (vehicle traction characteristics) has always been a bottleneck and problem in the industry. The friction clutch (shift clutch) has a short life, frequent replacement, and a high proportion of cost expenditure; on the other hand, the damage to the braking system caused by long-distance downhill driving and frequent braking of vehicles is inevitable. The traditional spray cooling solution can no longer meet the needs of modern logistics for high efficiency, low cost and safe operation.

[0004] In summary, existing vehicles with manual or dual-clutch transmissions have the problem of significant damage to the braking system during long downhill driving; in addition, due to structural reasons, there are also problems with starting the vehicle with heavy loads, starting on slopes, etc. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a heavy-loaded smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for vehicles. During a long downhill slope, the setting of a hydraulic retarder can achieve oil adjustment to reduce damage to the braking system. Some schemes can also achieve heavy-loaded and smooth starting of vehicles.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A heavy-load smooth starting and retarding transmission device for a vehicle comprises a main clutch and a retarder moving wheel, wherein the main clutch and the retarder moving wheel are respectively connected to a fuel engine flywheel, the main clutch is connected to a transmission shaft via a shock absorber, the transmission shaft is connected to a gearbox, a retarder fixed wheel core is connected to the transmission shaft via a sliding sleeve bearing or a one-way clutch, the retarder fixed wheel is connected to a retarder fixed wheel brake, the retarder moving wheel and the retarder fixed wheel form a hydraulic retarder, and the working oil in a working chamber of the hydraulic retarder is opened or closed and filled and discharged oil controlled and the oil filling amount adjusted through an oil filling adjustment mechanism.

[0008] In the above-mentioned vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and retarding transmission device, when the retarder fixed wheel core is connected to the transmission shaft through the sliding sleeve bearing, the sliding sleeve bearing is sleeved on the circumferential direction of the transmission shaft.

[0009] In the vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and retarding transmission device as described above, the oil filling adjustment mechanism includes an oil supply pump, the oil supply pump is connected to the overflow valve, the overflow valve is respectively connected to the solenoid valve and the flow control valve, the retarder control handle is respectively connected to the solenoid valve and the flow control valve, the opening or closing of the hydraulic retarder is controlled by the solenoid valve, and the filling, draining and filling amount adjustment of the hydraulic retarder are controlled by the flow control valve.

[0010] A heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle as described above, wherein the solenoid valve is a two-position three-way solenoid valve;

[0011] The flow control valve is an electromagnetic proportional flow control valve;

[0012] The oil supply pump is connected to the overflow valve through an oil filter, and the oil supply pump is connected to the oil tank.

[0013] In the above-mentioned vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and retarding transmission device, a retarder inlet safety valve is further arranged between the overflow valve and the flow control valve.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a power system for a vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device.

[0015] In addition, the present invention also provides a vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission method, which adopts the vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device, and when the retarder fixed wheel core is connected to the transmission shaft through a sliding sleeve bearing, it includes the following contents:

[0016] Starting operation: Depress the main clutch, shift gears, start the vehicle, and release the main clutch;

[0017] When driving down a long slope, the retarder fixed wheel brake is turned on and the retarder fixed wheel brake is applied, the retarder enters the working state, and different retarding effects are obtained through the oil filling adjustment mechanism.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also provides a vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission method, which adopts the vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device, and when the fixed wheel core of the retarder is connected to the transmission shaft through a one-way clutch, it includes the following contents:

[0019] Starting operation: Since the main clutch is in the disengaged state, the engine power is transmitted to the gearbox through the retarder moving wheel, working oil, retarder fixed wheel, one-way clutch, and transmission shaft, which can realize heavy-load and smooth starting of the vehicle. Release the main clutch after starting;

[0020] When the main clutch is depressed during driving, the hydraulic retarder intervenes flexibly with the characteristics of the hydraulic coupling, so the gear shifting is impact-free. When the main clutch is released, the hydraulic transmission is locked to mechanical transmission. At this time, the main clutch 1 acts as a locking clutch.

[0021] In addition, the present invention also provides a vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission method, which uses the vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device, and includes the following contents:

[0022] The working oil is delivered to the overflow valve through the oil supply pump;

[0023] The working oil is divided into two paths after being adjusted by the overflow valve. One path of high-pressure oil is sent to the retarder fixed wheel brake through the solenoid valve, and the hydraulic retarder is opened or closed through the retarder fixed wheel brake. The other path of low-pressure oil is sent to the hydraulic retarder through the flow control valve, and the filling, discharge and filling amount of the hydraulic retarder are adjusted through the flow control valve.

[0024] The above-mentioned method for smooth starting and slow transmission of a heavy-loaded vehicle includes the following contents:

[0025] The retarder control handle is simultaneously connected to the two-position three-way solenoid valve and the solenoid proportional flow control valve through the circuit;

[0026] When the retarder control handle is turned to "on", the solenoid valve opens, the retarder fixed wheel brake is "engaged" and the hydraulic retarder is controlled to open. Continue to turn the retarder control handle to the appropriate position to obtain the required retarding and braking capacity. When the retarder control handle is turned to "off", the two-position three-way solenoid valve is closed, the retarder fixed wheel brake is "disengaged" and the hydraulic retarder is controlled to close, and the working chamber of the hydraulic retarder is emptied at the same time.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1) In the present invention, the main clutch is connected to the diesel engine flywheel and is connected to the transmission shaft through an elastic shock absorber; the retarder driving wheel is connected to the diesel engine flywheel, and the retarder fixed wheel core is connected to the transmission shaft through a sliding sleeve bearing or a one-way clutch and is connected to the retarder fixed wheel brake; the retarder driving wheel and the retarder fixed wheel constitute a hydraulic retarder, and the working oil in its working chamber can be controlled by filling and discharging oil and adjusting the oil filling amount through an oil filling adjustment mechanism. When the sliding sleeve bearing is provided, the hydraulic retarder does not work during the vehicle starting process. When the one-way clutch is provided, the hydraulic retarder works to play the role of a starting coupler, which can realize heavy-load and smooth starting of the vehicle. During the long-distance downhill driving of the vehicle, the hydraulic retarder in the two schemes works to reduce the speed of the transmission shaft. The oil filling adjustment mechanism can realize oil filling and discharging control and oil filling amount adjustment to achieve different retarding effects.

[0029] 2) When a one-way clutch is provided in the present invention, when the vehicle starts, since the main clutch is in a disengaged state, the engine power is transmitted to the gearbox via the retarder driving wheel, working oil, retarder fixed wheel, one-way clutch and transmission shaft. Since the hydraulic retarder (hydraulic coupling) has a load starting function, the engine is allowed to operate at a higher speed and a larger torque, thereby achieving a heavy-loaded and smooth start of the vehicle. After the vehicle starts, the main clutch is released, and at this time, the main clutch acts as a locking clutch.

[0030] 3) The oil filling adjustment mechanism in the present invention includes structures such as an oil supply pump, a relief valve, a solenoid valve and a control valve. The high-pressure oil is sent to the retarder fixed wheel brake through the solenoid valve, and the "off" and "on" of the retarder fixed wheel brake are controlled by the two-position three-way solenoid valve to control the opening and closing of the hydraulic retarder. Another low-pressure oil is sent to the hydraulic retarder working chamber through the flow control valve. The flow control valve is used to realize the filling, draining and filling amount adjustment of the hydraulic retarder, which can adapt to the requirements of different downhill slopes, vehicle loads and other road conditions and vehicle conditions for retarding control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0032] Figure 1 The invention relates to a heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle in the first embodiment of the invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a top view of a heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an oil filling adjustment mechanism in a heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for reference only.

[0036] Among them: 1. Main clutch, 2. Elastic shock absorber, 3. Transmission shaft, 4. Retarder driving wheel, 5. Retarder fixed wheel, 6. Retarder fixed wheel brake, 7. Sliding sleeve bearing, 8. One-way clutch, 9. Oil filter, 10. Overflow valve, 11. Two-position three-way solenoid valve, 12. Solenoid proportional flow control valve, 13. Retarder control handle, 14. Oil supply pump, 15. Retarder inlet safety valve, 16. Hydraulic retarder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly stated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof;

[0039] As introduced in the background technology, in the prior art, there are problems with starting of vehicles with manual gear or dual clutch transmissions, such as heavy-load starting and starting on slopes, and there is also the problem of great damage to the braking system during the long downhill driving process of the vehicle. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a heavy-load smooth starting and slow speed transmission device for vehicles.

[0040] A heavy-load smooth starting and retarding transmission device for a vehicle comprises a main clutch 1 and a retarder moving wheel 4. The main clutch 1 and the retarder moving wheel 4 are respectively connected to a fuel engine flywheel. The main clutch 1 is connected to a transmission shaft via a shock absorber. The transmission shaft 3 is connected to a gearbox. The retarder fixed wheel core is connected to the transmission shaft 3 via a sliding sleeve bearing 7 or a one-way clutch 8. The retarder fixed wheel 5 is connected to a retarder fixed wheel brake. The retarder moving wheel and the retarder fixed wheel form a hydraulic retarder. The working oil in the working chamber of the hydraulic retarder is opened or closed and the filling and draining control and the oil filling amount adjustment are realized through an oil filling adjustment mechanism.

[0041] Among them, the retarder driving wheel 4 and the retarder fixed wheel 5 are hydraulic coupling pump wheels and turbines with forward-inclined blades (hydraulic coupling blades are usually radial straight blades, and forward-inclined blades are usually used in hydraulic retarders or hydraulic dynamometers to obtain larger energy capacity and thus reduce the size of the equipment), the shock absorber is an elastic shock absorber, and the retarder fixed wheel brake 6 is a wet multi-disc friction brake.

[0042] The oil filling adjustment mechanism includes an oil supply pump 14, which is connected to the overflow valve, the overflow valve is respectively connected to the solenoid valve and the flow control valve, the retarder control handle is respectively connected to the solenoid valve and the flow control valve, the opening or closing of the hydraulic retarder is controlled by the solenoid valve, and the filling, draining and oil filling amount adjustment of the hydraulic retarder are controlled by the flow control valve.

[0043] Specifically, the solenoid valve is a two-position three-way solenoid valve; the flow control valve is an electromagnetic proportional flow control valve; the oil supply pump is connected to the overflow valve through an oil filter, and the oil supply pump is connected to the oil tank.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 As shown, the fixed wheel of the retarder is connected to the transmission shaft 3 through a sliding sleeve bearing 7, and the sliding sleeve bearing 3 is sleeved on the circumferential direction of the transmission shaft 3 and between the elastic shock absorber and the gearbox.

[0046] The engine power is transmitted to the gearbox through the flywheel, main clutch 1, elastic shock absorber 2, and transmission shaft 3; the engine power is transmitted to the retarder fixed wheel 5 through the retarder moving wheel 4 and the working oil. Figure 1 As shown, when the core of the retarder fixed wheel 5 is connected to the transmission shaft 3 through the sliding bearing 7, the retarder only plays the role of a hydraulic retarder. That is, the starting operation: step on the main clutch 1, engage the gear, and the vehicle starts; when driving down a long slope, open the retarder control handle 13, the retarder fixed wheel brake 6 works, and the retarder fixed wheel 5 brakes. Because the retarder moving wheel is connected to the engine flywheel, the hydraulic retarder enters the working state, and different retarding effects can be obtained by steplessly adjusting the retarder oil filling amount through the retarder control handle.

[0047] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the oil filling adjustment control mechanism includes an oil supply pump 14, an oil filter 9, a relief valve 10, a two-position three-way solenoid valve 11, an electromagnetic proportional flow control valve 12, and a retarder control handle 13.

[0048] The working oil is sent to the relief valve 10 through the oil supply pump 14 and the oil filter 9; the working oil is divided into two paths after being adjusted by the relief valve 10. One path of high-pressure oil (0.8MPa~1.3MPa) is sent to the retarder fixed wheel brake 6 through the two-position three-way solenoid valve 11, so that the "off" and "on" of the retarder fixed wheel brake 6 can be controlled by the two-position three-way solenoid valve, and then the opening and closing of the hydraulic retarder can be controlled. The other path of low-pressure oil (0.15MPa~0.3MPa, from the bypass port of the relief valve 10) is sent to the hydraulic retarder working chamber through the electromagnetic proportional flow control valve 12. The filling, draining and filling amount adjustment of the hydraulic retarder are controlled by the electromagnetic proportional flow control valve 12, which can adapt to the requirements of different downhill slopes, vehicle loads and other road conditions and vehicle conditions for retarding control.

[0049] The retarder control handle 13 is connected to the two-position three-way solenoid valve 11 and the electromagnetic proportional flow control valve 12 through the circuit at the same time. The retarder control handle 13 has the functions of "off" and "on + oil filling amount adjustment", that is, when the retarder control handle 13 is turned to "on", the two-position three-way solenoid valve 11 is opened, the retarder fixed wheel brake 6 is "engaged" and then the hydraulic retarder is controlled to open, and the retarder control handle 13 is continued to be turned to the appropriate position to obtain the required retarding and braking capacity; when the retarder control handle 13 is turned to "off", the two-position three-way solenoid valve 11 is closed, the retarder fixed wheel brake 6 is "disengaged" and then the hydraulic retarder is controlled to close, and the working chamber of the hydraulic retarder is emptied at the same time.

[0050] Embodiment 2

[0051] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that:

[0052] refer to Figure 2 As shown, when the core of the retarder fixed wheel 5 is connected to the transmission shaft 3 through the one-way clutch 7, the retarder plays the role of a starting coupler and a hydraulic retarder. That is, the main clutch 1 is stepped on, the gear is engaged, and the vehicle starts. In this process, since the main clutch 1 is in a disengaged state, the engine power is transmitted to the gearbox through the retarder moving wheel 4, the working oil, the retarder fixed wheel 5, the one-way clutch 7, and the transmission shaft 3. Since the retarder (hydraulic coupling) has a load starting function, the engine (fuel engine) is allowed to work at a higher speed and a larger torque, so that the vehicle can start with a heavy load and smoothly; after the vehicle starts, the main clutch 1 is released, and the main clutch plays the role of a locking clutch. During long-distance downhill driving, the retarder control handle 13 is opened, the retarder fixed wheel brake 6 works, and the retarder fixed wheel 5 brakes. Because the retarder moving wheel is connected to the engine flywheel, the hydraulic retarder enters the working state.

[0053] Due to the intervention of the one-way clutch 7, the retarder fixed wheel 5 rotates at the same speed and direction as the retarder moving wheel 4 when the retarder is not turned on, so the energy loss is extremely low. When the main clutch 1 is stepped on during driving, the hydraulic retarder intervenes flexibly with the characteristics of a hydraulic coupling, so the gear shift is impact-free. When the main clutch 1 is released, the hydraulic transmission is locked to mechanical transmission, and the main clutch 1 plays the role of a locking clutch.

[0054] The one-way clutch is also called a one-way coupling or an overrunning clutch. It is mainly composed of an outer ring with a wedge-shaped raceway (cam surface), an inner ring, rollers, springs and other parts. Its basic feature is that it only allows power to be transmitted in one direction, while it is free to slide in the other direction. In this embodiment, the power only allows the retarder fixed wheel to drive the transmission shaft through the one-way clutch (corresponding to the heavy load and smooth starting stage of the vehicle); in other stages, the retarder fixed wheel and the transmission shaft are free to slide (the transmission shaft speed is greater than the retarder fixed wheel speed). Because the one-way clutch is a universal component, its structural principle will not be described here.

[0055] Embodiment 3

[0056] This embodiment provides a power system for a vehicle, including a heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle as described in the first or second embodiment.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle, characterized in that: It includes a main clutch and a retarder moving wheel. The main clutch and the retarder moving wheel are respectively connected to the flywheel of the fuel engine. The main clutch is connected to the transmission shaft through a shock absorber. The transmission shaft is connected to the gearbox. The core of the retarder fixed wheel is connected to the transmission shaft through a sliding bearing or a one-way clutch. The retarder fixed wheel is connected to the retarder fixed wheel brake. The retarder moving wheel and the retarder fixed wheel form a hydraulic retarder. The working oil in the working chamber of the hydraulic retarder is opened or closed and the filling and discharge control and the oil filling amount adjustment are realized through the oil filling adjustment mechanism.

2. A heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the retarder fixed wheel core is connected to the transmission shaft through the sliding sleeve bearing, the sliding sleeve bearing is sleeved on the circumferential direction of the transmission shaft.

3. A heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil filling adjustment mechanism includes an oil supply pump, the oil supply pump is connected to the overflow valve, the overflow valve is respectively connected to the solenoid valve and the flow control valve, the retarder control handle is respectively connected to the solenoid valve and the flow control valve, the opening or closing of the hydraulic retarder is controlled by the solenoid valve, and the filling, draining and oil filling amount adjustment of the hydraulic retarder are controlled by the flow control valve.

4. A heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solenoid valve is a two-position three-way solenoid valve; The flow control valve is an electromagnetic proportional flow control valve; The oil supply pump is connected to the overflow valve through an oil filter, and the oil supply pump is connected to the oil tank.

5. A heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: A retarder inlet safety valve is also arranged between the overflow valve and the flow control valve.

6. A power system for a vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A method for smooth starting and slow transmission of a heavy-loaded vehicle, characterized in that: The heavy-load smooth starting and retarding transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 1, when the fixed wheel core of the retarder is connected to the transmission shaft through a sliding sleeve bearing, comprises the following contents: Starting operation: Depress the main clutch, engage gear, start the vehicle, and release the main clutch; When driving down a long slope, the retarder fixed wheel brake is turned on and the retarder fixed wheel brake is applied, the retarder enters the working state, and different retarding effects are obtained through the oil filling adjustment mechanism.

8. A method for smooth starting and slow transmission of a heavy-loaded vehicle, characterized in that: The heavy-load smooth starting and retarding transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 1, when the fixed wheel core of the retarder is connected to the transmission shaft through a one-way clutch, comprises the following contents: Starting operation: Since the main clutch is in the disengaged state, the engine power is transmitted to the gearbox through the retarder moving wheel, working oil, retarder fixed wheel, one-way clutch, and transmission shaft, which can realize heavy-load and smooth starting of the vehicle. Release the main clutch after starting; When the main clutch is depressed during driving, the main clutch acts as a hydraulic coupling and intervenes flexibly, so the gear shifting is impact-free. When the main clutch is released, the hydraulic transmission is locked to mechanical transmission. At this time, the main clutch 1 acts as a locking clutch.

9. A method for smooth starting and slow transmission of a heavy-loaded vehicle, characterized in that: A heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission device for a vehicle according to claim 3 or 4, comprising the following contents: The working oil is delivered to the overflow valve through the oil supply pump; The working oil is divided into two paths after being adjusted by the overflow valve. One path of high-pressure oil is sent to the retarder fixed wheel brake through the solenoid valve, and the hydraulic retarder is opened or closed through the retarder fixed wheel brake. The other path of low-pressure oil is sent to the hydraulic retarder through the flow control valve, and the filling, discharge and filling amount of the hydraulic retarder are adjusted through the flow control valve.

10. A vehicle heavy-load smooth starting and slow-speed transmission method according to claim 9, characterized in that: It includes the following: The retarder control handle is simultaneously connected to the two-position three-way solenoid valve and the solenoid proportional flow control valve through the circuit; When the retarder control handle is turned to "on", the two-position three-way solenoid valve opens, the retarder fixed wheel brake is "engaged" and the hydraulic retarder is controlled to open. Continue to turn the retarder control handle to the appropriate position to obtain the required retarding and braking capacity. When the retarder control handle is turned to "off", the two-position three-way solenoid valve closes, the retarder fixed wheel brake is "disengaged" and the hydraulic retarder is controlled to close, and the hydraulic retarder working chamber is emptied at the same time.

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