Simulation test system and method for seepage-erosion-induced high-speed rail roadbed subsidence

Abstract

The invention relates to a seepage-erosion-induced high-speed rail roadbed subsidence simulation test system and method. The system comprises a test module, a loading module, a water supply module and a measurement module. The test module comprises a model box and a roadbed layered structure, and the roadbed layered structure is laid in the model box; the water supply module is used for providing a water source for the roadbed layered structure, adjusting water pressure and collecting lost particles of the roadbed layered structure; the loading module comprises a high-frequency actuator and is used for applying a vibration load to the roadbed layered structure; the measuring module is arranged in the roadbed layered structure and used for monitoring test parameters of the roadbed layered structure. Compared with the prior art, the device realizes roadbed internal change analysis under high-frequency load and seepage coupling, and has the advantages of high test accuracy, high authenticity and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil mechanics seepage erosion model testing, and in particular to a high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation testing system and method induced by seepage erosion. Background Art

[0002] With the growing demand for transportation driven by economic development, my country's transportation infrastructure construction has entered a period of rapid development. Unlike conventional structures near water, high-speed rail subgrades are subject to both seepage forces and train vibration loads. This vibration load frequency increases with increasing train speed. For example, a 400 km / h high-speed train can generate vibrations up to approximately 50 Hz on the subgrade. While physical model testing is widely used in the study of the evolution of geotechnical structural defects, limited by factors such as testing costs, the model-to-prototype ratio is typically small, failing to accurately reflect the actual mechanical behavior.

[0003] For example, the invention disclosed in publication number CN109374855A discloses a test device and test method for simulating the phenomenon of mud and oozing on railway subgrade. The test device for simulating the phenomenon of mud and oozing on railway subgrade includes an axial loading frame, a reaction frame, a water circulation model box and a lifting elastic base; the axial loading frame includes a loading frame top plate, a loading frame bottom plate, a supporting column, a vibration device, and a loading mechanism; the reaction frame includes a pressure plate, a pressure column connected between the pressure plate and the loading frame bottom plate; the pressure column passes through the loading frame top plate; the lifting elastic base is installed on the upper surface of the loading frame bottom plate, and a water circulation model box is installed between the loading mechanism and the lifting elastic base; the water circulation model box includes a model box, a water storage chamber, and a soil sample storage cavity, and the water storage chamber and the soil sample storage cavity are separated by a permeable plate; the bottom of the loading mechanism is a loading plate that extends into the soil sample storage cavity and can move vertically. This invention simulates the hazards of roadbed slurrying through independent water storage chambers and soil storage chambers, but this structure cannot be used to simulate the internal conditions of the roadbed under the combined action of roadbed seepage and high-frequency loads.

[0004] The invention with publication number CN115492174A discloses a full-scale model test device and method for a high-speed railway subgrade, the device comprising a full-scale subgrade model, a reaction force dynamic loading module and a data acquisition module; the full-scale subgrade model comprises a foundation, a subgrade body and a subgrade bed arranged layer by layer from bottom to top, the subgrade bed comprising a subgrade bottom layer and a subgrade surface layer, and a track plate is provided on the upper surface of the subgrade surface layer; the reaction force dynamic loading module comprises a reaction frame, a distribution beam, a power unit, a control unit and a plurality of actuators, the reaction frame being arranged across the top of the full-scale subgrade model, the plurality of actuators being arranged on the reaction frame, and the output ends of the plurality of actuators applying loads to the track plate through the distribution beam; the power unit being connected to the actuators, and the control unit being electrically connected to the actuators; and the data acquisition module comprising a plurality of sensor elements. This invention increases the size of the model to make the model more consistent with the actual subgrade conditions, and conducts the dynamic characteristics of the subgrade, but cannot simulate the internal conditions of the subgrade under the combined action of subgrade seepage and high-frequency loads.

[0005] In summary, in the actual operation of high-speed rail, high-frequency vibration and seepage often act together on the roadbed. Currently, there is a lack of equipment that can couple high-frequency loading testing technology with seepage for roadbed analysis. The evolution of erosion under this coupling effect and the mechanisms that induce it remain understudied. Therefore, a system and method for simulating high-speed railroad subsidence caused by erosion are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defect that the above-mentioned existing technology for simulating roadbed working conditions cannot analyze the breeding mechanism of roadbed-induced diseases under the coupling of high-frequency loads and seepage generated by train operation, and to provide a high-speed railway roadbed settlement simulation test system and method induced by erosion.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] This solution provides a high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system induced by erosion, including a test module, a loading module, a water supply module and a measurement module; the test module includes a model box and a roadbed layered structure, and the roadbed layered structure is laid in the model box; the water supply module is used to provide water to the roadbed layered structure, adjust the water pressure and collect lost particles of the roadbed layered structure; the loading module includes a high-frequency actuator for applying a vibration load to the roadbed layered structure; the measurement module is arranged in the roadbed layered structure to monitor the test parameters of the roadbed layered structure.

[0009] Preferably, the roadbed layered structure includes a roadbed body, a base bed bottom layer, a base bed surface layer and a loading plate stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the high-frequency actuator applies a vibration load to the side of the loading plate away from the base bed surface layer, and the water supply module is connected to the roadbed body.

[0010] Preferably, the road base body is filled with silt soil, the base bed bottom layer is filled with composite filler, and the base bed surface layer is filled with graded crushed stone.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple high-frequency actuators, and each high-frequency actuator is distributed at equal intervals. The high-frequency actuator adopts an electro-hydraulic servo system. The loading frequency of the high-frequency actuator is less than or equal to 100 Hz. The vibration acceleration of the high-frequency actuator is less than or equal to 10 times the acceleration of gravity. The vibration displacement of the high-frequency actuator is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the measurement module includes a piezometer and an ADR, which are respectively arranged in the roadbed body. The piezometer is used for measuring the pore pressure of the roadbed body, and the ADR is used for measuring the local porosity of the roadbed body.

[0013] Preferably, the measurement module also includes a soil pressure gauge, a settlement plate and a TDR. The soil pressure gauge is arranged in the base bed bottom layer to monitor the soil pressure in the roadbed layered structure. The settlement plate and TDR are respectively arranged between the roadbed body and the base bed bottom layer. The settlement plate is used to monitor the settlement of the roadbed layered structure, and the TDR is used to monitor the moisture content of the base bed in the roadbed layered structure.

[0014] Preferably, the measurement module includes an accelerometer and a displacement meter. The accelerometer is arranged on the loading plate to monitor the acceleration in the roadbed layered structure. The displacement meter is arranged between the base bed surface and the loading plate to monitor the displacement deformation in the roadbed layered structure.

[0015] Preferably, the water supply module includes a pressure-controlled water source, an erosion overflow point and a fine particle collection cylinder. The pressure-controlled water source is connected to the upper end of the road base body through a water pipe, and is used to provide water to the road base body and adjust the water pressure. The erosion overflow point is arranged inside the road base body and is connected to the fine particle collection cylinder.

[0016] This solution also provides a method for simulating a high-speed railway subgrade settlement test system induced by erosion, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Obtain the soil material parameters of the high-speed railway subgrade and prepare the subgrade layered structure in a layered filling manner;

[0018] S2: During the layered filling process of the roadbed structure, the measurement modules are installed on the roadbed structure, and the water supply module and high-frequency actuator are installed at the corresponding positions;

[0019] S3: Adjust the water level and water pressure of the roadbed layered structure through the water supply module to make the roadbed layered structure seepage;

[0020] S4: When the permeability of the roadbed layered structure is stable, a vibration load is applied to the roadbed layered structure through a high-frequency actuator, and the test parameters of the roadbed layered structure are obtained through a measurement module.

[0021] Furthermore, the roadbed layered structure includes a roadbed body, a subgrade bottom layer, a subgrade surface layer, and a loading plate stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The preparation of the roadbed layered structure specifically includes the following steps:

[0022] S101: According to the experimental requirements, the soil material parameters of the roadbed, the subgrade bottom layer and the subgrade surface layer are obtained respectively;

[0023] S102: Laying the corresponding soil materials in order from bottom to top in the order of roadbed body, subgrade bottom layer and subgrade surface layer;

[0024] S103: After each layer of soil is laid, the soil layer is compacted and leveled, and corresponding measurement modules are installed during the laying process.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] (1) This scheme lays a multi-layer roadbed layered structure in the model box. A vibration load simulating train operation is applied to the roadbed layered structure based on a high-frequency actuator. The water supply module provides water to the roadbed layered structure and adjusts the water pressure at any time according to demand to simulate the high-speed railway roadbed erosion test and collect the lost particles during the roadbed layered structure test. At the same time, the test parameters of the roadbed layered structure are monitored based on the measurement module for subsequent analysis. Vibration loads are applied to the roadbed by a high-frequency actuator. In conjunction with the roadbed layered structure and seepage device, the erosion changes of the roadbed under the coupling of high-frequency load and seepage are simulated. The roadbed erosion change parameters obtained in the test are more in line with the actual situation of the roadbed. The test simulation is more accurate and realistic. In addition, the test operation is convenient and efficient, and the experimental cost is low.

[0027] (2) This scheme provides a high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system and method induced by seepage. It uses an electro-hydraulic servo system to achieve high-frequency loading, with a maximum loading frequency of 100Hz, a vibration acceleration of 10g, and a vibration displacement of 10mm. It can accurately simulate the high-speed railway operating environment where high-frequency vibration and seepage act together on the subgrade soil, filling the gap in the previous lack of high-frequency loading and seepage coupling test technology. It has played a positive role in promoting national and industry research on soil erosion characteristics and macro- and micro-mechanical mechanisms under vibration conditions, especially high-frequency vibration.

[0028] (3) This scheme sets up multiple high-frequency brakes above the loading plate. By controlling the high-frequency brakes to adjust the loading conditions of the roadbed, the high-frequency vibration load characteristics of the train in the actual operating environment can be simulated during the test. The intermittent characteristics of the load during the test can also be taken into account, effectively improving the authenticity of the test and the accuracy and reference significance of the collected data.

[0029] (4) This scheme adopts a layered filling method to lay a multi-layer roadbed structure, which is more in line with the actual situation of the high-speed railway roadbed. The stress condition of the roadbed layered structure is also more in line with the actual working conditions of the high-speed railway, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a front view of a high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system induced by erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A top view of a high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system induced by erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A side view of a high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system induced by erosion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of multiple high-frequency actuators according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] In the figure: 1. model box, 2. road base body, 3. base bed bottom layer, 4. base bed surface layer, 5. loading plate, 6. high-frequency actuator, 7. piezometer, 8. accelerometer, 9. displacement meter, 10. soil pressure gauge, 11. ADR, 12. settlement plate, 13. TDR, 14. pressure-controlled water source, 15. water pipe, 16. erosion overflow point, 17. fine particle collection cylinder, 6-1. first sub-high-frequency actuator, 6-2. second sub-high-frequency actuator, 6-3. third sub-high-frequency actuator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0040] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not necessarily mean that a component must be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system induced by erosion includes a test module, a loading module, a water supply module and a measurement module; the test module includes a model box 1 and a roadbed layered structure, and the roadbed layered structure is laid in the model box 1; the water supply module is used to provide water to the roadbed layered structure, adjust the water pressure and collect the lost particles of the roadbed layered structure; the loading module includes a high-frequency actuator 6, which is used to apply a vibration load to the roadbed layered structure; the measurement module is arranged in the roadbed layered structure, and is used to monitor the test parameters of the roadbed layered structure.

[0043] A multi-layer roadbed layered structure is laid in the model box. A high-frequency actuator is used to apply vibration loads simulating train operation to the roadbed layered structure. A water supply module provides water to the roadbed layered structure and adjusts the water pressure at any time according to demand to simulate the high-speed railway roadbed erosion test. The lost particles during the roadbed layered structure test are collected, and the test parameters of the roadbed layered structure are monitored based on the measurement module for subsequent analysis.

[0044] By applying vibration load to the roadbed through a high-frequency actuator, and coordinating with the roadbed layered structure and seepage device, the internal changes of the roadbed under the coupling of high-frequency load and seepage are simulated. The internal change parameters of the roadbed obtained by the test are more in line with the actual situation of the roadbed, and the accuracy and authenticity of the test simulation are higher.

[0045] Preferred embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the layered structure of the roadbed includes a roadbed body 2, a base bed bottom layer 3, a base bed surface layer 4 and a loading plate 5 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, a high-frequency actuator 6 applies a vibration load to the side of the loading plate 5 away from the base bed surface layer 4, and a water supply module is connected to the roadbed body 2.

[0046] In this embodiment, the road base body 2 is filled with silt soil, the base bed bottom layer 3 is filled with composite filler, and the base bed surface layer 4 is filled with graded crushed stone.

[0047] The layered filling method is used to lay a multi-layer roadbed layered structure, which is more in line with the actual situation of the high-speed railway roadbed. The stress conditions of the roadbed layered structure are also more in line with the actual working conditions of the high-speed railway, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the test.

[0048] like Figure 2-4 As shown, there are multiple high-frequency actuators 6, and each high-frequency actuator 6 is distributed at equal intervals. The high-frequency actuator 6 adopts an electro-hydraulic servo system. The loading frequency of the high-frequency actuator 6 is less than or equal to 100 Hz, the vibration acceleration of the high-frequency actuator 6 is less than or equal to 10 times the acceleration of gravity, and the vibration displacement of the high-frequency actuator 6 is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0049] In this embodiment, the measurement module includes a piezometer 7 and an ADR 11 , which are respectively arranged in the roadbed body 2 . The piezometer 7 is used to measure the pore pressure of the roadbed body 2 , and the ADR 11 is used to measure the local porosity of the roadbed body 2 .

[0050] Furthermore, the measurement module also includes a soil pressure gauge 10, a settlement plate 12 and a TDR 13. The soil pressure gauge 10 is arranged in the base bed bottom layer 3 to monitor the soil pressure in the roadbed layered structure. The settlement plate 12 and the TDR 13 are respectively arranged between the roadbed body 2 and the base bed bottom layer 3. The settlement plate 12 is used to monitor the settlement of the roadbed layered structure, and the TDR 13 is used to monitor the moisture content of the base bed in the roadbed layered structure.

[0051] Furthermore, the measurement module includes an accelerometer 8 and a displacement meter 9. The accelerometer 8 is arranged on the loading plate 5 to monitor the acceleration in the roadbed layered structure, and the displacement meter 9 is arranged between the base surface layer 4 and the loading plate 5 to monitor the displacement deformation in the roadbed layered structure.

[0052] In this embodiment, the water supply module includes a pressure-controlled water source 14, an erosion overflow point 16 and a fine particle collection cylinder 17. The pressure-controlled water source 14 is connected to the upper end of the road base body 2 through a water pipe 15, and is used to provide water to the road base body 2 and adjust the water pressure. The erosion overflow point 16 is set inside the road base body 2 and is connected to the fine particle collection cylinder 17.

[0053] Specifically, in combination with the above preferred embodiments, this embodiment provides a more specific embodiment, a high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system induced by erosion, including a test module, a loading module, a water supply module, and a measurement module;

[0054] The test module includes a model box 1, a roadbed body 2, a subgrade bottom layer 3, a subgrade surface layer 4, and a loading plate 5. The interior of the model box 1 is used to carry the test module. The model box measures 4m x 2m, and its height can be adjusted according to test requirements. The loading plate 5 is used to transmit the high-frequency load of the loading module. The test module considers the layered structure of the roadbed, and from bottom to top it is as follows: roadbed body 2, subgrade bottom layer 3, subgrade surface layer 4, and loading plate 5.

[0055] The materials used in the test module are the same as those in the actual situation. The road base body 2 is filled with silt soil; the base bed bottom layer 3 is filled with group A and B fillers; and the base bed surface layer 4 is filled with graded crushed stone.

[0056] The loading module includes multiple high-frequency actuators 6, including a first sub-high-frequency actuator 6-1, a second sub-high-frequency actuator 6-2, and a third sub-high-frequency actuator 6-3. The number of high-frequency actuators 6 can be set according to test requirements. High-frequency actuators 6 utilize an electro-hydraulic servo system with a maximum loading frequency of 100 Hz, a vibration acceleration of 10g, and a vibration displacement of 10mm, achieving load vibration on the test module. The test module applies high-frequency loads to the subgrade surface layer 4 through multiple high-frequency actuators 6, simulating the vibration loads of high-speed trains in actual operating conditions.

[0057] The water supply module includes a pressure-controlled water source 14, a water pipe 15, a seepage overflow point 16, and a fine particle collection cylinder 17. The pressure-controlled water source 14 provides water and keeps the water pressure controllable and adjustable during the test; the seepage overflow point 16 is set in the middle of the road base body 2; when conducting the test, the pressure-controlled water source 14 controls the seepage overflow point 16 to start the test; the fine particle collection cylinder 17 is used to collect lost fine particles.

[0058] The measurement module includes a piezometer 7, an accelerometer 8, a displacement meter 9, an earth pressure meter 10, an ADR 11, a settlement plate 12, and a TDR 13; the piezometer 7 is used to measure the pore pressure in the layered structure of the roadbed; the accelerometer 8 is used to measure the acceleration in the layered structure of the roadbed; the displacement meter 9 is used to measure the displacement deformation in the layered structure of the roadbed; the earth pressure meter 10 is used to measure the earth pressure in the layered structure of the roadbed; the ADR 11 is used to measure the local porosity in the layered structure of the roadbed; the settlement plate 12 is used to measure the settlement in the layered structure of the roadbed, and the TDR 13 is used to measure the base bed moisture in the layered structure of the roadbed.

[0059] This embodiment also provides a method for simulating a high-speed railway subgrade settlement test system induced by erosion, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1: Obtain the soil material parameters of the high-speed railway subgrade and prepare the subgrade layered structure in a layered filling manner;

[0061] S2: During the layered filling process of the roadbed structure, the measurement modules are installed on the roadbed structure, and the water supply module and the high-frequency actuator 6 are installed at corresponding positions;

[0062] S3: Adjust the water level and water pressure of the roadbed layered structure through the water supply module to make the roadbed layered structure seepage;

[0063] S4: When the permeability of the roadbed layered structure is stable, a vibration load is applied to the roadbed layered structure through the high-frequency actuator 6, and the test parameters of the roadbed layered structure are obtained through the measurement module.

[0064] The roadbed layered structure includes a roadbed body 2, a subgrade bottom layer 3, a subgrade surface layer 4, and a loading plate 5 stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The preparation of the roadbed layered structure specifically includes the following steps:

[0065] S101: According to the experimental requirements, soil material parameters of the roadbed body 2, the subgrade bottom layer 3, and the subgrade surface layer 4 are obtained respectively;

[0066] S102: Laying the corresponding soil materials in order from bottom to top: roadbed body 2, subgrade bottom layer 3, and subgrade surface layer 4;

[0067] S103: After each layer of soil is laid, the soil layer is compacted and leveled, and corresponding measurement modules are installed during the laying process.

[0068] Specifically, in combination with the above-mentioned specific test system, the erosion-induced high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test method includes the following specific steps:

[0069] 1) Preparation of experimental device:

[0070] (101) According to the test requirements, determine the soil material parameters of the roadbed 2, the subgrade bottom layer 3, and the subgrade surface layer 4;

[0071] (102) Different types of soil are filled into the model box 1 by layered filling. After filling each layer of soil, appropriate compaction and leveling are performed;

[0072] (103) Install the piezometer 7, accelerometer 8, displacement meter 9, soil pressure meter 10, ADR 11, settlement plate 12, and TDR 13 in the measurement module on the test module;

[0073] 2) Test operation process:

[0074] The test operation sequence is as follows:

[0075] (201) The water level is set at the top of the roadbed 2, and the water head at the seepage overflow point 16 is reduced by the pressure-controlled water source 14, and the test is started;

[0076] (202) After the seepage of the test module is stable, the subgrade surface layer 4 is subjected to high-frequency loading through the loading plate 5 to simulate the train vibration load in actual working conditions;

[0077] (203) During the test, the measurement module monitors the pore pressure, acceleration, displacement deformation, soil pressure, local porosity, settlement, and subgrade moisture in the roadbed layered structure.

[0078] This embodiment uses an electro-hydraulic servo system to achieve high-frequency loading, with a maximum loading frequency of 100 Hz, a vibration acceleration of 10 g, and a vibration displacement of 10 mm. This accurately simulates the combined effects of high-frequency vibration and seepage on roadbed soil in actual high-speed rail operating environments, filling the gap in high-frequency loading testing technology previously lacking. This has played a positive role in promoting national and industry research on soil erosion characteristics and macro- and micro-mechanical mechanisms under vibration conditions, particularly high-frequency vibration.

[0079] The above describes in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concepts of the present invention without inventive effort. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be derived by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation based on the concepts of the present invention and the prior art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system induced by erosion, characterized in that: The invention comprises a test module, a loading module, a water supply module and a measurement module; the test module comprises a model box (1) and a roadbed layered structure, and the roadbed layered structure is laid in the model box (1); the water supply module is used to provide water to the roadbed layered structure, adjust water pressure and collect lost particles of the roadbed layered structure; the loading module comprises a high-frequency actuator (6) for applying a vibration load to the roadbed layered structure; the measurement module is arranged in the roadbed layered structure and is used to monitor the test parameters of the roadbed layered structure.

2. A high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system induced by erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roadbed layered structure comprises a roadbed body (2), a base bed bottom layer (3), a base bed surface layer (4), and a loading plate (5) stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the high-frequency actuator (6) applies a vibration load to a side of the loading plate (5) away from the base bed surface layer (4); and the water supply module is connected to the roadbed body (2).

3. A high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system induced by erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The road base body (2) is filled with silt soil, the base bed bottom layer (3) is filled with composite filler, and the base bed surface layer (4) is filled with graded crushed stone.

4. The high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system induced by erosion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The number of the high-frequency actuators (6) is multiple, and each high-frequency actuator (6) is distributed at equal intervals. The high-frequency actuator (6) adopts an electro-hydraulic servo system. The loading frequency of the high-frequency actuator (6) is less than or equal to 100 Hz. The vibration acceleration of the high-frequency actuator (6) is less than or equal to 10 times the acceleration of gravity. The vibration displacement of the high-frequency actuator (6) is less than or equal to 10 mm.

5. The high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system induced by erosion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The measurement module comprises a pore pressure gauge (7) and an ADR (11), which are respectively arranged in a road base body (2); the pore pressure gauge (7) is used for measuring the pore pressure of the road base body (2); and the ADR (11) is used for measuring the local porosity of the road base body (2).

6. The high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system induced by erosion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The measuring module further comprises an earth pressure gauge (10), a settlement plate (12) and a TDR (13); the earth pressure gauge (10) is arranged in the base bed bottom layer (3) and is used to monitor the earth pressure in the roadbed layered structure; the settlement plate (12) and the TDR (13) are respectively arranged between the roadbed body (2) and the base bed bottom layer (3); the settlement plate (12) is used to monitor the settlement of the roadbed layered structure; and the TDR (13) is used to monitor the moisture content of the base bed in the roadbed layered structure.

7. The erosion-induced high-speed railway subsidence simulation test system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The measurement module comprises an accelerometer (8) and a displacement meter (9); the accelerometer (8) is arranged on a loading plate (5) and is used to monitor the acceleration in the roadbed layered structure; the displacement meter (9) is arranged between the subgrade surface layer (4) and the loading plate (5) and is used to monitor the displacement deformation in the roadbed layered structure.

8. The high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system induced by erosion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water supply module comprises a pressure-controlled water source (14), a seepage overflow point (16) and a fine particle collection cylinder (17). The pressure-controlled water source (14) is connected to the upper end of the road base body (2) through a water pipe (15) and is used to provide water to the road base body (2) and adjust the water pressure. The seepage overflow point (16) is arranged inside the road base body (2) and is connected to the fine particle collection cylinder (17).

9. A method for simulating a high-speed railway subgrade settlement based on a erosion-induced high-speed railway subgrade settlement simulation test system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Obtain the soil material parameters of the high-speed railway subgrade and prepare the subgrade layered structure in a layered filling manner; S2: During the layered filling process of the roadbed layered structure, the measurement modules are respectively installed on the roadbed layered structure, and the water supply module and the high-frequency actuator (6) are installed at corresponding positions; S3: Adjust the water level and water pressure of the roadbed layered structure through the water supply module to make the roadbed layered structure seepage; S4: When the permeability of the roadbed layered structure is stable, a vibration load is applied to the roadbed layered structure through a high-frequency actuator (6), and test parameters of the roadbed layered structure are obtained through a measurement module.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The roadbed layered structure comprises a roadbed body (2), a subgrade bottom layer (3), a subgrade surface layer (4) and a loading plate (5) stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The preparation of the roadbed layered structure specifically comprises the following steps: S101: According to the experimental requirements, the soil material parameters of the roadbed body (2), the subgrade bottom layer (3) and the subgrade surface layer (4) are obtained respectively; S102: Laying the corresponding soil materials in the order of roadbed body (2), subgrade bottom layer (3) and subgrade surface layer (4) from bottom to top; S103: After each layer of soil is laid, the soil layer is compacted and leveled, and corresponding measurement modules are installed during the laying process.

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