Ecological geological vulnerability evaluation method based on SRP model

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological geology vulnerability evaluation method based on an SRP model. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring ecological environment data of a to-be-evaluated region; constructing an SRP model composed of ecological sensitivity, ecological restorability, ecological pressure and ecological function integrity; determining evaluation indexes corresponding to ecological sensitivity, ecological restorability, ecological pressure and ecological function integrity based on the ecological environment data; and based on the evaluation indexes, performing ecogeological vulnerability evaluation by adopting an analytic hierarchy process. According to the method, the structure, the service function and the stability of the ecological system are comprehensively reflected, so that the evaluation system is more scientific and comprehensive, and the regional ecological geology vulnerability condition can be accurately revealed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of ecological environment, and specifically relates to an ecological geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model. Background Art

[0002] Ecological and geological vulnerability assessment is a key component of regional ecological and environmental protection and restoration. Currently, there is no unified methodology for ecological and geological vulnerability assessment in China. Existing research suffers from insufficient consideration of geological factors, a lack of comprehensive regional analysis, and a lack of comparison of multiple assessment methods. Northern Shanxi, despite its strategically important ecological position, faces numerous ecological and geological challenges, including environmental problems caused by open-pit mining, soil erosion, and land salinization. Accurate and effective assessment methods are urgently needed to guide ecological protection and restoration efforts. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model.

[0004] The present invention provides an eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model, the method comprising:

[0005] Obtain ecological and environmental data of the area to be evaluated;

[0006] Construct an SRP model consisting of ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological pressure and ecological functional integrity;

[0007] Determine evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological pressure and ecological functional integrity based on the ecological environment data;

[0008] Based on the evaluation indicators, the hierarchical analysis method was used to evaluate the ecological geological vulnerability.

[0009] Furthermore, the ecological environment data includes: DEM elevation data, meteorological data, land use type data and socio-economic data;

[0010] Furthermore, the evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological sensitivity include slope, rainfall, engineering geological rock group, soil type, parent material, soil erosion intensity and land use type; the evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological resilience include enhanced vegetation index and water conservation capacity; the evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological pressure include mineral mining intensity and modified night light index; the evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological function integrity include species richness index, soil conservation capacity and vegetation cover change rate.

[0011] Furthermore, the ecological geological vulnerability assessment is carried out using the analytic hierarchy process based on the evaluation indicators as follows:

[0012] First, each evaluation indicator is graded and assigned a value; secondly, a judgment matrix is constructed based on the relative importance of the evaluation indicators, a consistency test is performed, and the weight of each indicator is calculated; finally, the eco-geological vulnerability index and the eco-geological vulnerability comprehensive index are calculated for comprehensive evaluation.

[0013] Furthermore, when the judgment matrix consistency ratio CR is less than 0.1, it is considered that the judgment matrix has satisfactory consistency and passes the consistency test.

[0014] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the ecological geological vulnerability index EGVI is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] Where: EGVI is the ecological geological vulnerability index, C i Assign a value to the vulnerability of the i-th indicator, W i is the weight of the i-th indicator, and j is the number of indicators.

[0017] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the ecological geological vulnerability comprehensive index EGVSI is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Where: EGVSI represents the comprehensive eco-geological vulnerability index of a region, j represents the number of vulnerable units, P i represents the vulnerability index value of the i-th unit, A i represents the area occupied by the i-th unit, and S represents the total area of the evaluation area.

[0020] Furthermore, after completing the ecological and geological vulnerability assessment, targeted ecological restoration strategies will be formulated for areas with different levels of vulnerability based on the assessment results;

[0021] For slightly vulnerable areas, measures are taken to maintain the stability of existing ecosystems and strengthen ecological monitoring; for mildly vulnerable areas, the focus is on preventing ecological deterioration and optimizing land use methods; for moderately vulnerable areas, ecological restoration projects such as afforestation and soil erosion control are implemented; for highly vulnerable and extremely vulnerable areas, ecological restoration efforts are increased, including mine ecological restoration and land reclamation, while high-intensity human activities are restricted to improve the quality of the regional ecological environment.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] A SRP model was constructed that encompasses ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological stress, and ecological functional integrity. Compared to traditional evaluation methods that only consider a subset of these factors, the newly added dimension of ecological functional integrity comprehensively reflects ecosystem structure, service functions, and stability, drawing on indicators such as species richness index, soil conservation, and vegetation cover change rate. This makes the evaluation system more scientific and comprehensive, and can accurately reveal the status of regional ecological and geological vulnerability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments generally by way of example and not limitation, and together with the description and claims, serve to explain embodiments of the invention. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive of the embodiments of the present apparatus or method.

[0025] Figure 1 Shows a topographical diagram of the study area of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 The single-index vulnerability classification and comprehensive evaluation diagram of ecological and geological vulnerability of the present invention are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model, the method comprising:

[0030] Obtain ecological and environmental data of the area to be evaluated;

[0031] Construct an SRP model consisting of ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological pressure and ecological functional integrity;

[0032] Determine evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological pressure and ecological functional integrity based on the ecological environment data;

[0033] Based on the evaluation indicators, the hierarchical analysis method was used to evaluate the ecological geological vulnerability.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] 1 Overview of the study area

[0036] The study area is located in the northeastern part of Shanxi Province (38°30′~40°21′N, 111°51′~114°31′E). The administrative divisions include Datong City, Shuozhou City, and Xinzhou City (Ningwu County, Fanshi County, Yuanping City, Wutai County, and Dai County), with an area of approximately 36,176 km 2 ,like Figure 1 shown.

[0037] It is located at the junction of the northeastern edge of the Loess Plateau and the Taihang Mountains, with an altitude of 586 to 3047 meters. The landforms can be roughly divided into seven categories: loess hilly terrace area, loess gully area, loess hilly gentle slope sandy area, bedrock mountain area, earth and rock mountain area, piedmont inclined plain and alluvial plain area.

[0038] The climate is roughly divided by Mount Hengshan, with the area north of the mountain belonging to the mid-temperate subzone and the area south of the mountain belonging to the warm temperate subzone. Most areas have a semi-arid climate, characterized by large diurnal temperature swings, dryness with little rainfall, frequent winds and sandstorms, and abundant sunshine. The average annual temperature is approximately 6.5-7.5°C, and the average annual rainfall is 345-588 mm. The frost-free period lasts 120-140 days, with an average wind speed of approximately 3.0 m / s.

[0039] 2 Data Sources and Research Methods

[0040] 2.1 Data Source

[0041] The data used in this evaluation include DEM elevation data, meteorological data, land use type data and socio-economic data.

[0042] DEM elevation data were obtained from the Geospatial Data Cloud Platform of the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (http: / / www.gscloud.cn / ), with a spatial resolution of 12.5 m. Precipitation and evaporation data were obtained from the spatial interpolation of annual average rainfall and evaporation provided by the Resource and Environmental Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (http: / / www.resdc.cn / ). Corrected night light index data were obtained from the Resource and Environmental Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (http: / / www.resdc.cn / ). Land use data were interpreted using the 2022 Landsat8 OLI remote sensing imagery. Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data were calculated using Landsat8 OLI remote sensing imagery. Soil type data were compiled from the Shanxi Province 1:500,000 Soil Database and combined with the results of this survey. Engineering geological rock formations, soil parent materials, water conservation capacity, and soil erosion intensity data were obtained from the author's survey research. Finally, all indicator data were resampled to 250 m resolution raster data for analysis and evaluation.

[0043] The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) is calculated using formula (1), which is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where: ρ NIR is the reflectivity in the near-infrared band; ρ Red is the red band reflectivity; ρ Blue is the blue band reflectance; G value is 2.5; C1 is the atmospheric correction red light correction parameter, the value is 6.0; C2 is the atmospheric correction blue light correction parameter, the value is 7.5; L is the soil adjustment parameter, the value is 1.

[0046] The water conservation capacity is calculated using the water balance equation (2), which is:

[0047]

[0048] Where: TQ is the total water conservation capacity (m 3 ), P i is the rainfall (mm), R i is the surface runoff (mm), ET i is the evaporation rate (mm), A i is the area of ecosystem type i (km 2 ), i is the i-th ecosystem type in the study area, and j is the number of ecosystem types in the study area.

[0049] Soil erosion intensity was evaluated using the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE). The CSLE model calculation formula is as follows:

[0050] A=R·K·L·S·B·E·T (3)

[0051] Where: A is the average annual soil loss per unit area (t·hm -2 ·a -1 ); R is the rainfall erosivity factor (MJ·mm·hm -2 ·h -1 ·a -1 ); K is the soil erodibility factor (t·h / (MJ·mm)); L is the slope length factor, S is the slope factor, B is the vegetation cover and biological measures factor, E is the engineering measures factor, and T is the tillage measures factor, all of which are dimensionless.

[0052] 2.2 Research Methods

[0053] The SRP model consists of four parts: ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological pressure and ecological functional integrity.

[0054] Taking into account the ecological geological background and typical ecological geological issues in northern Shanxi, 14 indicators were selected (Table 1): slope, rainfall, engineering geological formations, soil type, pedogenic parent material, soil erosion intensity, land use type, enhanced vegetation index, water conservation capacity, mineral mining intensity, modified night light index, species richness index, soil conservation capacity, and vegetation cover change rate. Ecological sensitivity is evaluated by slope, rainfall, engineering geological formations, soil type, pedogenic parent material, soil erosion intensity, and land use type; ecological resilience is evaluated by enhanced vegetation index and water conservation capacity; ecological stress is evaluated by mineral mining intensity and modified night light index; and ecological integrity is evaluated by species richness index, soil conservation capacity, and vegetation cover change rate.

[0055] Table 1 Ecological geological vulnerability evaluation index system in northern Shanxi

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Based on the determination of 14 evaluation indicators, the hierarchical analysis method was used to carry out the ecological geological vulnerability evaluation in the northern Shanxi region of Taihang Mountains.

[0059] 2.2.2 Analytical Hierarchy Process Evaluation

[0060] The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multi-level weighted decision-making method with the advantages of systematicity, hierarchy, and flexibility (Saaty TL, 2002). It has been widely used in vulnerability assessments in the Qaidam Basin, Sichuan Province, the source area of the Yangtze River, karst mountainous areas, and red soil hilly areas.

[0061] The main steps of the analytic hierarchy process evaluation are as follows: first, each indicator is graded and assigned a value; second, a judgment matrix is constructed based on the relative importance of the indicators, a consistency test is performed, and the weight of each indicator is calculated; finally, the eco-geological vulnerability index (EGVI) and the eco-geological vulnerability composite index (EGVSI) are calculated for comprehensive evaluation.

[0062] (1) Indicator assignment

[0063] Table 2 Classification and assignment standards for ecological geological vulnerability assessment indicators in northern Shanxi

[0064]

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Slope index was graded according to the General Rules for Comprehensive Soil and Water Conservation Planning (GB / T 15772-2008); soil erosion intensity index was graded according to the Standard for Soil Erosion Classification and Grading (SL190-2007); and mineral mining intensity index was graded according to the classification method for annual raw coal production in loess hilly mining areas (Liu et al., 2018). Five indicators, namely rainfall, enhanced vegetation index, water conservation capacity, and modified night light index, were graded using the “natural break point classification method” in ArcGIS. Qualitative indicators (engineering geological rock formations, soil type, parent material, land use type, species richness index, soil conservation capacity, and vegetation cover change rate) were manually graded and assigned values through field surveys combined with research and analysis (Table 2).

[0068] (2) Calculation of indicator weights

[0069] Based on the field investigation, we focused on the main ecological and geological problems such as environmental problems caused by open-pit mining and land salinization in the study area. According to the impact level of each indicator on the regional ecological and geological vulnerability, we judged the relative importance of the indicators and constructed a judgment matrix on this basis.

[0070] The judgment matrix consistency ratio CR is less than 0.1, which means that the judgment matrix has satisfactory consistency. After passing the consistency test, the weights of each indicator are determined as shown in Table 3.

[0071] Table 3 Index weights (AHP)

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] (3) Comprehensive evaluation

[0075] The calculation formula of the ecological geological vulnerability index (EGVI) in northern Shanxi is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Where: EGVI is the ecological geological vulnerability index, C i Assign a value to the vulnerability of the i-th indicator, W i is the weight of the i-th indicator, and j is the number of indicators.

[0078] On the basis of the eco-geological vulnerability index, in order to facilitate regional management and control, when considering the overall vulnerability of a certain region (eco-geological zone, watershed, etc.), the eco-geological vulnerability index (EGVSI) is used. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where: EGVSI represents the comprehensive eco-geological vulnerability index of a region, j represents the number of vulnerable units, P i represents the vulnerability index value (EGVI) of the i-th unit, A i represents the area occupied by the i-th unit, and S represents the total area of the evaluation area.

[0081] Based on the field survey and regional eco-geological background characteristics, the eco-geological fragility of northern Shanxi is divided into five levels, see Table 4 for details.

[0082] Table 4 Ecological and geological vulnerability classification

[0083]

[0084] In GIS, the ecological geological vulnerability index (EGVI) for northern Shanxi was calculated using formula (4) by combining the evaluation results of 14 single indicators of ecological geological vulnerability in northern Shanxi and their corresponding weights. The ecological geological vulnerability index was classified according to the ecological geological vulnerability index classification standard (Table 4) to obtain the ecological geological vulnerability assessment map for northern Shanxi.

[0085] According to the results of the analytic hierarchy process (Table 5), the EGVSI index in northern Shanxi is 3.973, and the slightly vulnerable area is approximately 4931 km 2 , accounting for about 13.63%; the area of the mildly vulnerable area is about 22,666 km 2 , accounting for about 62.66%. Moderately vulnerable areas, highly vulnerable areas and extremely vulnerable areas account for about 23.7% in total.

[0086] Table 5 Statistics of ecological and geological vulnerability classification areas in northern Shanxi (AHP and PCA)

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] A comprehensive analysis of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) results indicates that the eco-geological vulnerability index for northern Shanxi is approximately 3.9, indicating a mild vulnerability. This suggests that overall vulnerability in northern Shanxi is low, and that natural restoration should be the primary approach for ecological restoration. Specifically, in areas where natural causes predominate, such as forest and grassland degradation and soil erosion, natural restoration should be the primary approach. In areas where human-caused problems predominate, such as mining and land salinization, artificial restoration should be the primary approach, supplemented by natural restoration.

[0090] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtain ecological and environmental data of the area to be evaluated; Construct an SRP model consisting of ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological pressure and ecological functional integrity; Determine evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological sensitivity, ecological resilience, ecological pressure and ecological functional integrity based on the ecological environment data; Based on the evaluation indicators, the hierarchical analysis method was used to evaluate the ecological geological vulnerability.

2. The eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological environment data includes: DEM elevation data, meteorological data, land use type data and socio-economic data.

3. The eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological sensitivity include slope, rainfall, engineering geological rock group, soil type, parent material, soil erosion intensity and land use type; the evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological resilience include enhanced vegetation index and water conservation capacity; the evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological pressure include mineral mining intensity and modified night light index; the evaluation indicators corresponding to ecological function integrity include species richness index, soil conservation capacity and vegetation cover change rate.

4. The eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the evaluation indicators, the analytic hierarchy process is used to evaluate the eco-geological vulnerability as follows: First, each evaluation indicator is graded and assigned a value; secondly, a judgment matrix is constructed based on the relative importance of the evaluation indicators, a consistency test is performed, and the weight of each indicator is calculated; finally, the eco-geological vulnerability index and the eco-geological vulnerability comprehensive index are calculated for comprehensive evaluation.

5. The eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the judgment matrix consistency ratio CR is less than 0.1, the judgment matrix is considered to have satisfactory consistency and pass the consistency test.

6. The eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the ecological geological vulnerability index EGVI is as follows: Where: EGVI is the ecological geological vulnerability index, C i Assign a value to the vulnerability of the i-th indicator, W i is the weight of the i-th indicator, and j is the number of indicators.

7. The eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the ecological geological vulnerability comprehensive index EGVSI is as follows: Where: EGVSI represents the comprehensive eco-geological vulnerability index of a region, j represents the number of vulnerable units, P i represents the vulnerability index value of the i-th unit, A i represents the area occupied by the i-th unit, and S represents the total area of the evaluation area.

8. The eco-geological vulnerability assessment method based on the SRP model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After completing the ecological and geological vulnerability assessment, formulate targeted ecological restoration strategies for areas with different levels of vulnerability based on the assessment results; For slightly vulnerable areas, measures are taken to maintain the stability of existing ecosystems and strengthen ecological monitoring; for mildly vulnerable areas, the focus is on preventing ecological deterioration and optimizing land use methods; for moderately vulnerable areas, ecological restoration projects such as afforestation and soil erosion control are implemented; for highly vulnerable and extremely vulnerable areas, ecological restoration efforts are increased, including mine ecological restoration and land reclamation, while high-intensity human activities are restricted to improve the quality of the regional ecological environment.

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