User interface for adjusting tunable lens

Abstract

An electronic device may include a display and a lens module through which the display can be viewed. The lens module may include a tunable lens having an adjustable spherical power, a lenticular axial position, and / or a lenticular power. To adjust the tunable lens to compensate for the viewer's vision, the display may present at least one target. An optical power of the tunable lens may be set based on a gaze point relative to the at least one target. A plurality of targets having associated powers may be presented, and the power of the tunable lens may be set according to which target is aligned with the gaze point. The display may present an image through a mask layer having rings of pinhole pairs. The electronic device may include an input device that receives a user input regarding a perceived image associated with the display and the mask layer.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 427,527, filed January 30, 2024; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 490,757, filed March 16, 2023; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 489,127, filed March 8, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0002] This article relates generally to electronic devices, and more specifically to wearable electronic device systems.

[0003] Electronic devices are sometimes configured to be worn by users. For example, head-mounted devices have a head-mounted structure that allows the device to be worn on a user's head. Head-mounted devices may include an optical system with lenses. The lenses allow a display in the device to present visual content to the user.

[0004] Head-mounted devices typically include lenses with fixed shapes and properties. If not carefully adjusted, these types of lenses can be difficult to optimally present content to each user of the head-mounted device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An electronic device may include: a display configured to present at least one target; a gaze detection sensor configured to determine a gaze point; and a tunable lens through which the display can be viewed. The tunable lens may be configured to set optical power based on the gaze point relative to the at least one target.

[0006] An electronic device may include: a display configured to present an image through a mask layer having a ring of pinholes; a tunable lens through which the display can be viewed; and an input device configured to receive user input regarding a perceived image associated with the display and the mask layer.

[0007] A method of operating an electronic device having a display, a tunable lens aligned with the display, and a gaze detection sensor may include using the display to present a plurality of targets associated with corresponding spherical powers, adjusting the spherical power of the tunable lens based on a gaze point obtained using the gaze detection sensor, and receiving user input identifying a preferred target among the plurality of targets. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary electronic device, such as a head-mounted device, according to one implementation scheme.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a top view of an exemplary head-mounted device based on various implementation schemes.

[0010] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module having a first lens element and a second lens element according to various embodiments.

[0011] Figure 4 and Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary fluid-filled lens element according to various implementation schemes.

[0012] Figure 6 It is a top view of an illustrative display of multiple targets associated with corresponding spherical powers, based on various implementation schemes.

[0013] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable lens having adjustable spherical power, according to various embodiments.

[0014] Figure 8 It is a top view of an illustrative display of multiple targets associated with corresponding cylindrical axes, based on various implementation schemes.

[0015] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable lens having an adjustable cylindrical axis, according to various embodiments.

[0016] Figure 10 It is a top view of an illustrative display of multiple targets associated with corresponding cylindrical powers, based on various implementation schemes.

[0017] Figure 11 It is for use according to various implementation schemes. Figure 10 The flowchart illustrates the exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable lens having adjustable cylindrical power.

[0018] Figure 12 It is a top view of an illustrative display of a single target associated with a range of optical power according to various implementation schemes.

[0019] Figure 13 It is for use according to various implementation schemes. Figure 12 The flowchart illustrates the exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable lens having adjustable cylindrical power.

[0020] Figure 14A It is a side view of the two beams viewed from the front eye according to various implementation schemes.

[0021] Figure 14B It is based on various implementation plans. Figure 14A The view of the image perceived by the eye.

[0022] Figure 15A It is a side view of two beams viewed from the perspective of a myopic eye, according to various implementation schemes.

[0023] Figure 15B It is based on various implementation plans. Figure 15A The view of the image perceived by the eye.

[0024] Figure 16A It is a side view of a farsighted eye viewing two beams according to various implementation schemes.

[0025] Figure 16B It is based on various implementation plans. Figure 16A The view of the image perceived by the eye.

[0026] Figure 17 This is a side view of an exemplary electronic device with a mask layer having a ring of pinhole pairs according to various embodiments.

[0027] Figure 18 This is a top view of an exemplary mask layer with pinhole pairs according to various implementation schemes.

[0028] Figure 19 It is based on various implementation schemes that, when the tunable lens is properly focused to compensate for the user's vision, Figure 17 The view of the image perceived by the eye.

[0029] Figure 20 It is based on various implementation schemes when the tunable lens has spherical aberration relative to the user's visual acuity. Figure 17 The view of the image perceived by the eye.

[0030] Figure 21 It is based on various implementation schemes when the tunable lens has cylindrical aberrations relative to the user's visual acuity. Figure 17 The view of the image perceived by the eye.

[0031] Figure 22 It is a flowchart of exemplary method steps performed by an electronic device including a mask layer having multiple pinhole pairs, according to various implementation schemes.

[0032] Figure 23 and Figure 24 It is a top view of an exemplary display of test charts with visual elements extending radially outward from a common point, based on various implementation schemes.

[0033] Figure 25 It is based on various implementation schemes for operation with presentation Figure 23 and Figure 24 A flowchart illustrating the steps of an exemplary method for testing electronic devices displaying test charts. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Electronic devices may include displays and other components for presenting content to a user. Electronic devices may be wearable electronic devices. Wearable electronic devices, such as head-mounted devices, may have a head-mounted support structure that allows the head-mounted device to be worn on a user's head.

[0035] A head-mounted device may include a display formed by one or more display panels (shown images) for displaying visual content to a user. A lens system may be used to allow the user to focus on the display and view the visual content. The lens system may have a left lens module aligned with the user's left eye and a right lens module aligned with the user's right eye.

[0036] In some cases, users may prefer to view real-world content rather than on a display. Depending on the distance to the object, how close the user's eyes are (which can be related to the distance to the object being viewed), lighting conditions, and / or other factors, users may require different optical prescriptions. Head-mounted devices may include lenses arranged in such a way that real-world content can be viewed through the lens system.

[0037] The lens module in a head-mounted device may include adjustable lenses, such as fluid-filled adjustable lenses.

[0038] Figure 1 The diagram shows an exemplary system with electronic devices, including a lens module. Figure 1 As shown, system 8 may include one or more electronic devices such as electronic device 10. The electronic devices of system 8 may include computers, cellular phones, head-mounted devices, wristwatches, and other electronic devices. Electronic device 10 is sometimes described herein as an example of a head-mounted device.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, an electronic device, such as electronic device 10, may have a control circuit 12. The control circuit 12 may include a storage device and processing circuitry for controlling the operation of device 10. Circuit 12 may include a storage device such as a hard disk drive, non-volatile memory (e.g., an electrically programmable read-only memory configured to form a solid-state drive), volatile memory (e.g., static or dynamic random access memory), etc. The processing circuitry in the control circuit 12 may be based on one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, baseband processors, power management units, audio chips, graphics processing units, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and other integrated circuits. Software code may be stored on the storage device in circuit 12 and run on the processing circuitry in circuit 12 to implement control operations of device 10 (e.g., data acquisition operations, operations involved in processing three-dimensional facial image data, operations involving adjusting components using control signals, etc.). The control circuit 12 may include wired and wireless communication circuitry. For example, the control circuit 12 may include radio frequency transceiver circuitry, such as cellular telephone transceiver circuitry, wireless local area network (WLAN) circuitry. Transceiver circuits, millimeter-wave transceiver circuits, and / or other wireless communication circuits.

[0040] During operation, the communication circuitry of the devices in System 8 (e.g., the communication circuitry of the control circuitry 12 of Device 10) can be used to support communication between electronic devices. For example, one electronic device can transmit video and / or audio data to another electronic device in System 8. The electronic devices in System 8 can use wired and / or wireless communication circuitry to communicate over one or more communication networks (e.g., the Internet, a local area network, etc.). The communication circuitry can be used to allow Device 10 to receive data from and / or provide data to external equipment (e.g., a network-shared computer, portable devices such as handheld devices or laptops, online computing equipment such as a remote server or other remote computing equipment, or other electrical equipment).

[0041] Device 10 may include an input-output device 22. Input-output device 22 can be used to allow a user to provide user input to device 10. Input-output device 22 can also be used to acquire information about the environment in which device 10 operates. Output components in device 22 can allow device 10 to provide output to a user and can be used to communicate with external electrical equipment.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, input-output device 22 may include one or more displays such as display 14. In some configurations, display 14 of device 10 includes a left display panel and a right display panel aligned with the user's left and right eyes, respectively (sometimes referred to as the left and right portions of display 14 and / or the left and right displays). In other configurations, display 14 includes a single display panel extending across both eyes. The example of device 10 including a display is merely illustrative, and display 14 may be omitted from device 10 if desired. Device 10 may include an optical pass-through area where a user can view real-world content directly or through tunable lenses.

[0043] Display 14 can be used to display images. The visual content displayed on display 14 can be viewed by the user of device 10. Displays in device 10, such as display 14, can be organic light-emitting diode displays or other displays based on light-emitting diode arrays, liquid crystal displays, silicon-based liquid crystal displays, projectors or displays that project light beams directly or indirectly onto a surface via specialized optical devices (e.g., digital micromirror devices), electrophoretic displays, plasma displays, electrowetting displays, or any other suitable displays.

[0044] Input-output circuitry 22 may include sensor 16. Sensor 16 may include, for example, a 3D sensor (e.g., a 3D image sensor such as a structured light sensor that emits a light beam and uses a 2D digital image sensor to acquire image data for a 3D image from the light spot generated when the light beam illuminates a target; a binocular 3D image sensor that uses two or more cameras in a binocular imaging arrangement to acquire 3D images; a 3D lidar (light detection and ranging) sensor; a 3D radio frequency sensor; or other sensors that acquire 3D image data), a camera (e.g., an infrared and / or visible digital image sensor), and a gaze tracking sensor (e.g., a gaze tracking system based on an image sensor and (if desired) on a light source emitting one or more light beams, wherein after the user's eye reflects the light beam, ... Sensors 16 may include image sensors (for tracking one or more light beams), touch sensors, buttons, force sensors, sensors such as switch-based contact sensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, magnetic sensors, audio sensors (microphones), ambient light sensors, microphones for acquiring voice commands and other audio input, sensors configured to acquire information about motion, position, and / or orientation (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, compasses, and / or inertial measurement units including all of these sensors or a subset of one or both), fingerprint sensors and other biometric sensors, optical position sensors (optical encoders), and / or other position sensors such as linear position sensors and / or other sensors. Sensor 16 may include proximity sensors (e.g., capacitive proximity sensors, light-based (optical) proximity sensors, ultrasonic proximity sensors, and / or other proximity sensors). The proximity sensors may be used, for example, to sense the relative position between the user's nose and the lens module in device 10.

[0045] User input and other information can be acquired using sensors and other input devices in input-output device 22. If desired, input-output device 22 may include other devices 24 such as haptic output devices (e.g., vibrating components), light-emitting diodes and other light sources, speakers for generating audio output such as earphones, and other electronic components. Device 10 may include circuitry for receiving wireless power, circuitry for wirelessly transmitting power to other devices, batteries and other energy storage devices (e.g., capacitors), joysticks, buttons, and / or other components.

[0046] Electronic device 10 may have a housing structure (e.g., housing wall, strip, etc.), such as Figure 1An exemplary support structure 26 is shown. In configurations where the electronic device 10 is a head-mounted device (e.g., a pair of glasses, goggles, a helmet, a hat, etc.), the support structure 26 may include a head-mounted support structure (e.g., a helmet shell, a headband, temples in a pair of glasses, a goggle shell structure, and / or other head-mounted structures). The head-mounted support structure may be configured to be worn on a user's head during operation of the device 10 and may support the display 14, sensor 16, other components 24, other input-output devices 22, and control circuitry 12.

[0047] Figure 2 The image shows a top view of electronic device 10 in an exemplary configuration of a head-mounted device. (See image for reference.) Figure 2 As shown, the electronic device 10 may include a support structure (see example...) Figure 1 The support structure 26 is used in the components that house the device 10 and in wearing the device 10 on the user's head. These support structures may include, for example, structures forming the outer shell wall and other structures for the main unit 26-2 (e.g., outer shell wall, lens module structure, etc.) and straps, or other supplementary support structures, such as structure 26-1 that helps hold the main unit 26-2 on the user's face.

[0048] The display 14 may include a left display panel and a right display panel (e.g., a left pixel array and a right pixel array, sometimes referred to as a left display and a right display or a left display portion and a right display portion), which are respectively installed in the left display module and the right display module 70 corresponding to the user's left eye and right eye, respectively. Figure 2 The image shows the display module corresponding to the user's left eye.

[0049] Each display module 70 includes a display portion 14 and a corresponding lens module 72 (sometimes referred to as a lens stack 72, lens 72, or adjustable lens 72). The lens 72 may include one or more lens elements arranged along a common axis. Each lens element may have any desired shape and may be formed from any desired material (e.g., having any desired refractive index). Each lens element may have a unique shape and refractive index, which, when combined, focus light from the display 14 in a desired manner. Each lens element of the lens module 72 may be formed from any desired material (e.g., glass, polymeric materials such as polycarbonate or acrylics, crystals such as sapphire, etc.).

[0050] Optionally, positioning circuitry such as positioner 58 can be used to individually position modules 70 relative to the user's eye and relative to some of the housing wall structures within the main unit 26-2. Positioner 58 may include stepper motors, piezoelectric actuators, motors, linear electromagnetic actuators, and / or other electronic components for adjusting the position of display 14 and lens module 72. During operation of device 10, positioner 58 may be controlled by control circuitry 12. For example, positioner 58 may be used to adjust the spacing between modules 70 (and thus the lens-to-lens spacing between the left and right lenses of module 70) to match the pupillary distance IPD of the user's eye or to align the optical axis of lens module 72 with the center of the user's pupil. Positioner 58 may adjust the shape of one or more adjustable lenses within lens module 72.

[0051] In some cases, the distance between the lens module 72 and the display 14 is variable. For example, the distance between the lens module and the display can be adjusted to take into account the vision of a particular user. In another example, the lens module may include an adjustable lens element. As an example, the curvature of the adjustable lens element can be adjusted in real time to compensate for the user's visual needs.

[0052] Figure 2 The example of a device including a display module is merely exemplary. As previously mentioned, the display can be omitted from device 10 if desired. In this type of arrangement, the device may still include one or more lens modules 72 (e.g., through which a user views the real world). In this type of arrangement, real-world content can be primarily intended for users who would otherwise require visual assistance (including reading glasses, bifocals, etc.).

[0053] Figure 3This is a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary lens module having multiple lens elements. As shown, lens module 72 includes a first lens element 72-1 and a second lens element 72-2. Each surface of the lens element can have any desired curvature. For example, each surface can be a convex surface (e.g., a spherical convex surface, a cylindrical convex surface, or an aspherical convex surface), a concave surface (e.g., a spherical concave surface, a cylindrical concave surface, or an aspherical concave surface), a combination of convex and concave surfaces, or a freeform surface. A spherically curved surface (e.g., a spherical convex surface or a spherical concave surface) can have a constant radius of curvature across the entire surface. Conversely, an aspherical curved surface (e.g., an aspherical concave surface or an aspherical convex surface) can have a varying radius of curvature across the entire surface. A cylindrical surface can be curved about only one axis, rather than about multiple axes like a spherical surface. In some cases, a lens surface may have an aspherical surface that changes from convex (e.g., at the center) to concave (e.g., at the edges) at different locations on the surface. This type of surface may be referred to as an aspherical surface, a predominantly convex (e.g., the majority of the surface is convex and / or the surface is convex at its center) aspherical surface, a freeform surface, and / or a predominantly convex (e.g., the majority of the surface is convex and / or the surface is convex at its center) freeform surface. A freeform surface may include both convex and concave portions and / or curvature defined by a polynomial series and expansion. Alternatively, a freeform surface may have varying convex curvature or varying concave curvature (e.g., different portions with different radii of curvature, portions with curvature in one direction, and portions with curvature in two directions, etc.). In this paper, a freeform surface that is primarily convex (e.g., the majority of its surface is convex and / or its center is convex) may still be referred to as a convex surface, and a freeform surface that is primarily concave (e.g., the majority of its surface is concave and / or its center is concave) may still be referred to as a concave surface. In one example, such as Figure 3 As shown, lens element 72-1 has a convex surface facing the display 14 and an opposite concave surface. Lens element 72-2 has a convex surface facing lens element 72-1 and an opposite concave surface.

[0054] One or both of lens elements 72-1 and 72-2 may be adjustable. In one example, lens element 72-1 is a fixed (e.g., non-adjustable) lens element, while lens element 72-2 is an adjustable lens element. For example, adjustable lens element 72-2 can be used to adapt to a user's eyeglass prescription. If the user's eyeglass prescription changes, the shape of lens element 72-2 can be adjusted (without replacing any other components within device 10). As another possible use case, a first user with a first eyeglass prescription (or no eyeglass prescription) can use device 10 with lens element 72-2 having a first shape, and a different user with a second eyeglass prescription can use device 10 with lens element 72-2 having a second shape different from the first shape. Lens element 72-2 may have varying lens power and / or can provide varying amounts and orientations of astigmatism correction to provide prescription correction for the user.

[0055] The example of a lens module 72 including two lens elements is merely illustrative. In general, lens module 72 may include any desired number of lens elements (e.g., one, two, three, four, more than four, etc.). Any subset or all of the lens elements may optionally be adjustable. Any adjustable lens element in the lens module may optionally be a fluid-filled adjustable lens. Lens module 72 may also include any desired additional optical layers (e.g., a partial reflector reflecting 50% of the incident light, a linear polarizer, a retarder such as a quarter-wave plate, a reflective polarizer, a circular polarizer, a reflective circular polarizer, etc.) to manipulate light passing through the lens module.

[0056] As previously mentioned, one or more adjustable lens elements can be fluid-filled lens elements. This article describes an example where… Figure 3 The lens element 72-2 is a fluid-filled lens element. When the lens element 72-2 is a fluid-filled lens element, the lens element may include one or more components defining the surface of the lens element 72-2. These components may also be referred to as lens elements. In other words, the adjustable lens element 72-2 (sometimes referred to as adjustable lens module 72-2, adjustable lens 72-2, tunable lens 72-2, etc.) may be formed from multiple corresponding lens elements.

[0057] Figure 4This is a cross-sectional side view of the adjustable fluid-filled lens element 72-2. As shown, a fluid-filled chamber 82 (sometimes referred to as chamber 82 or fluid chamber 82) including fluid 92 is inserted between lens elements 84 and 86. Fluid 92 can be a liquid, gel, or gas with a predetermined refractive index (and therefore can sometimes be referred to as liquid 92, gel 92, or gas 92). Fluids are sometimes referred to as refractive index matching oil, optical oil, optical fluid, refractive index matching material, refractive index matching liquid, etc. Lens elements 84 and 86 can have the same refractive index or can have different refractive indices. The fluid 92 filling chamber 82 between lens elements 84 and 86 can have the same refractive index as lens element 84 but a different refractive index than lens element 86, the same refractive index as lens element 86 but a different refractive index than lens element 84, the same refractive index as lens elements 84 and 86, or a different refractive index than lens elements 84 and 86. Lens element 84 and lens element 86 may have a circular coverage area, may have an elliptical coverage area, may have a coverage area of ​​any other desired shape (e.g., an irregular coverage area).

[0058] The amount of fluid 92 in chamber 82 can have a constant volume or an adjustable volume. If the amount of fluid is adjustable, the lens module may also include a fluid reservoir and fluid control components (e.g., a pump, stepper motor, piezoelectric actuator, motor, linear electromagnetic actuator, and / or other electronic components that apply force to the fluid in the fluid reservoir) for selectively transferring fluid between the fluid reservoir and the chamber.

[0059] Lens elements 84 and 86 can be transparent lens elements formed from any desired material, such as glass, polymeric materials like polycarbonate or acrylic resin, crystals like sapphire, etc. Each of lens elements 84 and 86 can be elastomeric, semi-rigid, or rigid. Elastomeric lens elements can be formed from natural or synthetic polymers having a low Young's modulus to achieve high flexibility. For example, elastomeric films can be formed from materials with a Young's modulus less than 1 GPa, less than 0.5 GPa, less than 0.1 GPa, etc.

[0060] Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed from semi-rigid materials that are hard and strong, but not inflexible. Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed, for example, from thin layers of polymers or glass. Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed from materials with Young's modulus greater than 1 GPa, greater than 2 GPa, greater than 3 GPa, greater than 10 GPa, greater than 25 GPa, etc. Semi-rigid lens elements can be formed from polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), acrylic resin, glass, or any other desired material. When the lens element is bent along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis, the properties of the semi-rigid lens element may cause the lens element to become rigid along the first axis, or more generally, when it bends, the product of the curvatures along its two principal curvature axes remains approximately constant. This is in contrast to elastomeric lens elements, which remain flexible along the first axis even when the lens element is bent along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The characteristics of semi-rigid lens elements allow them to be formed into cylindrical lenses with tunable optical power and tunable axes.

[0061] Rigid lens elements can be formed from glass, polymeric materials such as polycarbonate or acrylic resin, crystals such as sapphire, etc. Generally, when pressure is applied to the lens element within the lens module, the rigid lens element may not deform. In other words, the shape and position of the rigid lens element can be fixed. Each surface of the rigid lens element can be planar, concave (e.g., spherical, aspherical, or cylindrically concave) or convex (e.g., spherical, aspherical, or cylindrically convex). Rigid lens elements can be formed from materials with a Young's modulus greater than 25 GPa, greater than 30 GPa, greater than 40 GPa, greater than 50 GPa, etc.

[0062] One or more structures, such as lens housing 90 (sometimes referred to as housing 90, lens chassis 90, chassis 90, support structure 90, etc.), may also define the fluid-filled chamber 82 of lens element 72-2.

[0063] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional side view of lens element 72-2, illustrating an exemplary adjustment of the shape of lens element 72-2. As shown, during the adjustment of lens element 72-2, lens element 84 can be biased in direction 94 at multiple points along its periphery (e.g., point forces are applied in direction 94 at multiple points). In this way, the curvature of lens element 84 can be adjusted (and correspondingly, the lens power of lens element 72-2 is adjusted).

[0064] There are several options for how to manipulate the shape of the lens element 84. In one possible arrangement, multiple actuators (e.g., linear actuators) can be coupled to the periphery of the lens element. As an example, the actuators can be evenly distributed around the periphery of the lens element 84. Each actuator (e.g., a linear actuator) can be coupled to a corresponding portion of the lens element 84 and can be selectively moved up or down (e.g., in the center). Figure 4 and Figure 5 The corresponding portion of the lens element 84 is moved in the Z direction to control the positioning of the corresponding portion of the lens element 84 in the Z direction. A lens forming element (e.g., an annular element) may optionally be coupled to both the lens element 84 and the actuator.

[0065] It may be desirable to adjust the adjustable lens element 72-2 to compensate for a user's vision. A user with an up-to-date eyeglass prescription can use that prescription to compensate for their vision. In one possible arrangement, the user can manually provide their eyeglass prescription to the electronic device 10 (e.g., by typing the prescription into the electronic device 10 using an input device), and the control circuitry 12 in the electronic device 10 can update the adjustable lens accordingly. However, this process may take longer than expected. To update the adjustable lens element 72-2 to compensate for a user's vision (even when their eyeglass prescription is unknown), the electronic device 10 can provide a user interface that allows the user to adjust the adjustable lens element.

[0066] Figure 6 An example of a user interface is shown that can be used to adjust the spherical power of a tunable lens in response to user input. Figure 6 As shown, the first target 204-1 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-1, optical target 204-1, symbol 204-1, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-1 in area 202-1. The second target 204-2 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-2, optical target 204-2, symbol 204-2, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-2 in area 202-2. The third target 204-3 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-3, optical target 204-3, symbol 204-3, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-3 in area 202-3.

[0067] The first objective 204-1 can be associated with a first spherical power (as listed in description 206-1). The second objective 204-2 can be associated with a second spherical power (as listed in description 206-2). The third objective 204-3 can be associated with a third spherical power (as listed in description 206-3).

[0068] A user of the electronic device 10 can provide input that causes the tunable lens to switch between a first spherical power associated with a first target, a second spherical power associated with a second target, and a third spherical power associated with a third target. In one example, gaze input obtained from a gaze detection sensor can be used to set the spherical power in the tunable lens.

[0069] A gaze detection sensor can detect the direction in which a user's eyes are gazing. As an example, gaze direction can be used to determine the point of gaze on a display.

[0070] exist Figure 6 In this configuration, the fixation point 210 is aligned with region 202-1, which includes the first target 204-1. When the fixation point is aligned with target 204-1 in region 202-1, the tunable lens can be adjusted to have a spherical power associated with target 204-1. If the user's gaze direction changes, causing the fixation point to align with target 204-2 in region 202-2, the tunable lens can be adjusted to have a spherical power associated with target 204-2. If the user's gaze direction changes, causing the fixation point to align with target 204-3 in region 202-3, the tunable lens can be adjusted to have a spherical power associated with target 204-3.

[0071] exist Figure 6 In the example, target 204-1 is associated with a spherical power of -1.0D (listed in description 206-1), target 204-2 with a spherical power of 0.0D (listed in description 206-2), and target 204-3 with a spherical power of +1.0D (listed in description 206-3). When the viewer looks at target 204-1, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a spherical power of -1.0D. When the viewer looks at target 204-2, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a spherical power of 0.0D. When the viewer looks at target 204-3, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a spherical power of +1.0D.

[0072] Using this type of arrangement, users can intuitively and easily switch between multiple spherical powers of the tunable lens. After viewing each target, the user can evaluate which target appears sharpest among the presented targets. The user can provide user input to select the target that appears sharpest. The electronic device can use the selected spherical power to determine the optimal spherical power for the user during operation of the electronic device 10.

[0073] If desired, additional visual content, such as content 208, can be presented on display 14 simultaneously with target 204. Generally, content 208 can be a visual cue used to influence the user's perception of the distance (depth) of the image content. For example, content 208 (sometimes referred to as background content 208 or depth cue 208) may include one or more depth cues (such as a horizon) to indicate that target 204 is distant and to relax the user's eye accommodation. Alternatively or additionally, content 208 may include stereoscopic content that allows the user to perceive the image content at a desired distance.

[0074] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable lens having an adjustable spherical power. First, in step 102, the electronic device 10 may present one or more depth cues to set a perceived image distance (sometimes referred to as perceived image depth). As previously mentioned, depth cues may include a horizon, stereoscopic content, etc.

[0075] In step 104, the display 14 may present multiple targets associated with corresponding spherical powers. Each target may be a bullseye, each target may include glyphs, and / or each target may include stripes (e.g., horizontal stripes, vertical stripes, and / or diagonal stripes, etc.). Generally, these targets can have any desired appearance. Each target is associated with a corresponding unique spherical power. If desired, the corresponding spherical power may be displayed in a text description adjacent to the target.

[0076] In step 106, the gaze detection sensor (sometimes referred to as a gaze tracking sensor) determines the viewer's gaze direction and / or gaze point on display 14. Electronic equipment 10 (e.g., control circuitry 12) can adjust the spherical power of the tunable lens based on which target overlaps with the gaze direction and / or gaze point. Figure 6 In the example, when the viewer looks at target 204-1, the tunable lens is adjusted to a spherical power of -1.0D; when the viewer looks at target 204-2, the tunable lens is adjusted to a spherical power of 0.0D; and when the viewer looks at target 204-3, the tunable lens is adjusted to a spherical power of +1.0D. If the user is not looking at any of the targets, the tunable lens can either maintain the spherical power from the most recently viewed target or revert to the default spherical power.

[0077] The example of updating the tunable lens based on gaze input in step 106 is merely illustrative. Alternatively, the user can provide touch input (e.g., to a touch sensor), voice commands (e.g., to a microphone), button input (e.g., to a button or digital crown), and / or other desired input to change the selected target. For example, the user can swipe right on the touch sensor to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, provide a voice command to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, press a button to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, rotate a button (e.g., a digital crown) to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, etc. When target 204-1 is selected, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a spherical power of -1.0D; when target 204-2 is selected, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a spherical power of 0.0D; and when target 204-3 is selected, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a spherical power of +1.0D.

[0078] Finally, in step 108, the optimal spherical power of the presented options can be selected based on user input. The user can choose the spherical power that gives the target the sharpest appearance. For example, the user can look at targets 204-1, 204-2, and 204-3. Target 204-1 may appear sharp when viewed, while targets 204-2 and 204-3 may appear blurry. Therefore, the user provides input to select target 204-1 as the best available option.

[0079] Users can select their preferred target using gaze input (e.g., by gazing at the preferred target for a longer than a given time), touch input, voice commands, button input (e.g., for buttons or numeric crowns), etc.

[0080] Figure 7 The method can be repeated multiple times until the optimal spherical power for the user is determined. For example, in the first iteration, the target can have associated spherical powers of -1.0D, 0.0D, and +1.0D. The user selects -1.0D as the target that appears sharpest. In the second iteration, the target can have associated spherical powers of -1.0D, -2.0D, and -3.0D. The user selects -2.0D as the target that appears sharpest. In the third iteration, the target can have associated spherical powers of -1.5D, -2.0D, and -2.5D. The user selects -2.0D as the target that appears sharpest. In the fourth iteration, the target can have associated spherical powers of -1.75D, -2.0D, and -2.25D. The user selects -1.75D as the target that appears sharpest. This spherical power can be identified as the optimal spherical power for the user's vision.

[0081] Generally speaking, it can be executed Figure 7 The desired number of iterations are used to progressively approximate the optimal spherical power for the user's vision.

[0082] It should be noted that Figure 7 The method can be performed on a single eye of the user (because each eye can have a different optimal spherical power). For the untested eye, the display 14 can present a solid color background image and / or present content that looks similar to what the tested eye sees to avoid user discomfort.

[0083] exist Figure 7 During operation, the cylindrical power (and axis) can remain constant. For example, through... Figure 7 Through multiple iterations, the cylindrical power can be maintained at 0.0D.

[0084] Figure 8 An example of a user interface is shown that can be used to select the optimal cylinder axis for a tunable lens in response to user input. Figure 8 As shown, the first target 204-1 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-1, optical target 204-1, symbol 204-1, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-1 in area 202-1. The second target 204-2 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-2, optical target 204-2, symbol 204-2, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-2 in area 202-2. The third target 204-3 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-3, optical target 204-3, symbol 204-3, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-3 in area 202-3.

[0085] The first objective 204-1 can be associated with the first cylindrical axis (listed in description 206-1). The second objective 204-2 can be associated with the second cylindrical axis (listed in description 206-2). The third objective 204-3 can be associated with the third cylindrical axis (listed in description 206-3). For example... Figure 8 As shown, each target may include stripes oriented at an angle defined by the associated cylindrical axis.

[0086] exist Figure 8 During the evaluation, spherical and cylindrical powers can be static. Figure 8 When considering the cylinder axis in a given situation, a combination of [methods / approaches] can be used. Figure 6 and Figure 7The described technique determines the optimal spherical power. After viewing all targets in the target area, the user can evaluate which target appears the sharpest among the presented targets. The user can provide user input to select the target that appears the sharpest. The electronic device can use the selected cylindrical axis to determine the optimal cylindrical axis for the user during the operation of the electronic device 10.

[0087] If needed, additional visual content, such as content 208, can be presented on display 14 simultaneously with target 204. Generally, content 208 can be a visual cue used to influence the user's perception of the distance (depth) of the image content. For example, content 208 (sometimes referred to as background content 208) may include one or more depth cues (such as a horizon) to indicate that target 204 is distant and to relax the user's eye accommodation. Alternatively or additionally, content 208 may include stereoscopic content that allows the user to perceive the image content at a desired distance.

[0088] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable cylinder axis. First, in step 112, the electronic device 10 may present one or more depth cues to set a perceived image distance (sometimes referred to as perceived image depth). As previously mentioned, depth cues may include a horizon, stereoscopic content, etc. In step 114, the display 14 may present multiple targets associated with corresponding cylinder axes. Each target may include stripes oriented at an angle defined by the cylinder axis associated with that target. Generally, these targets can have any desired appearance. Each target is associated with a corresponding unique cylinder axis. If desired, the corresponding cylinder axis may be displayed in a text description adjacent to the target.

[0089] Finally, in step 116, the optimal cylinder axis of the presented options can be selected based on user input. The user can choose the cylinder axis that gives the target the sharpest appearance. For example, the user can look at targets 204-1, 204-2, and 204-3. Target 204-1 may appear sharp when viewed, while targets 204-2 and 204-3 may appear blurry. Therefore, the user provides input to select target 204-1 as the best available option.

[0090] Users can select their preferred target using gaze input (e.g., by gazing at the preferred target for a longer than a given time), touch input, voice commands, button input (e.g., for buttons or numeric crowns), etc.

[0091] Figure 9 This method can be repeated multiple times until the optimal cylindrical axis for the user is determined. Generally speaking, it can be performed... Figure 9The desired number of iterations are used to progressively approximate the optimal spherical power for the user's vision.

[0092] It should be noted that Figure 9 The method can be performed on a single eye of the user (because each eye can have a different optimal cylinder axis). For the untested eye, the display 14 can present a solid color background image and / or present content that looks similar to what the tested eye sees to avoid user discomfort.

[0093] exist Figure 9 During operation, the spherical and cylindrical powers of the tunable lens can remain constant.

[0094] Figure 10 An example of a user interface is shown that can be used to adjust the cylindrical power of a tunable lens in response to user input. Figure 10 As shown, the first target 204-1 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-1, optical target 204-1, symbol 204-1, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-1 in area 202-1. The second target 204-2 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-2, optical target 204-2, symbol 204-2, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-2 in area 202-2. The third target 204-3 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204-3, optical target 204-3, symbol 204-3, etc.) is presented together with the text description 206-3 in area 202-3.

[0095] The first objective 204-1 can be associated with a first cylindrical power (listed in description 206-1). The second objective 204-2 can be associated with a second cylindrical power (listed in description 206-2). The third objective 204-3 can be associated with a third cylindrical power (listed in description 206-3).

[0096] The user of the electronic device 10 can provide input that causes the tunable lens to switch between a first cylindrical power associated with a first target, a second cylindrical power associated with a second target, and a third cylindrical power associated with a third target. In one example, gaze input obtained by a gaze detection sensor can be used to set the cylindrical power of the tunable lens.

[0097] exist Figure 10In this configuration, the fixation point 210 is aligned with region 202-1, which includes the first target 204-1. When the fixation point is aligned with target 204-1 in region 202-1, the tunable lens can be adjusted to have a cylindrical power associated with target 204-1. If the user's gaze direction changes, causing the fixation point to align with target 204-2 in region 202-2, the tunable lens can be adjusted to have a cylindrical power associated with target 204-2. If the user's gaze direction changes, causing the fixation point to align with target 204-3 in region 202-3, the tunable lens can be adjusted to have a cylindrical power associated with target 204-3.

[0098] exist Figure 10 In the example, target 204-1 is associated with a cylindrical power of -1.0D (listed in description 206-1), target 204-2 with a cylindrical power of -1.5D (listed in description 206-2), and target 204-3 with a cylindrical power of -2.0D (listed in description 206-3). When the viewer looks at target 204-1, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a cylindrical power of -1.0D. When the viewer looks at target 204-2, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a cylindrical power of -1.5D. When the viewer looks at target 204-3, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a cylindrical power of -2.0D.

[0099] Using this type of arrangement, users can intuitively and easily switch between multiple cylindrical powers of the tunable lens. After viewing all targets in the target array, the user can evaluate which target appears the sharpest among the presented targets. The user can provide user input to select the target that appears the sharpest. The electronic device can use the selected cylindrical power to determine the optimal cylindrical power for the user during the operation of the electronic device 10.

[0100] If needed, additional visual content, such as content 208, can be presented on display 14 simultaneously with target 204. Generally, content 208 can be a visual cue used to influence the user's perception of the distance (depth) of the image content. For example, content 208 (sometimes referred to as background content 208) may include one or more depth cues (such as a horizon) to indicate that target 204 is distant and to relax the user's eye accommodation. Alternatively or additionally, content 208 may include stereoscopic content that allows the user to perceive the image content at a desired distance.

[0101] Figure 11This is a flowchart illustrating exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable lens having an adjustable cylinder power. First, in step 122, the electronic device 10 may present one or more depth cues to set a perceived image distance (sometimes referred to as perceived image depth). As previously mentioned, depth cues may include a horizon, stereoscopic content, etc. In step 124, the display 14 may present multiple targets associated with corresponding cylinder powers. Each target may be a bullseye, each target may include glyphs, and / or each target may include stripes (e.g., horizontal stripes, vertical stripes, and / or diagonal stripes, etc.). Generally, these targets can have any desired appearance. Each target is associated with a corresponding unique cylinder power. If desired, the corresponding cylinder power may be displayed in a text description adjacent to the target.

[0102] In step 126, the gaze detection sensor (sometimes called a gaze tracking sensor) determines the viewer's gaze point on display 14. Electronic equipment 10 (e.g., control circuitry 12) can adjust the cylinder power of the tunable lens based on which target overlaps with the gaze point. Figure 10 In the example, when the viewer looks at target 204-1, the tunable lens is adjusted to a cylinder power of -1.0D; when the viewer looks at target 204-2, the tunable lens is adjusted to a cylinder power of -1.5D; and when the viewer looks at target 204-3, the tunable lens is adjusted to a cylinder power of -2.0D. If the user is not looking at any of the targets, the tunable lens can either maintain the cylinder power from the most recently viewed target or revert to the default cylinder power.

[0103] The example of updating the tunable lens based on gaze input in step 126 is merely illustrative. Alternatively, the user can provide touch input (e.g., to a touch sensor), voice commands (e.g., to a microphone), button input (e.g., to a button or digital crown), and / or other desired input to change the selected target. For example, the user can swipe right on the touch sensor to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, provide a voice command to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, press a button to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, rotate a button (e.g., a digital crown) to change the selected target from target 204-1 to target 204-2, etc. When target 204-1 is selected, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a cylindrical power of -1.0D; when target 204-2 is selected, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a cylindrical power of -1.5D; and when target 204-3 is selected, the tunable lens is adjusted to have a cylindrical power of -2.0D.

[0104] Finally, in step 128, the optimal cylinder power of the presented options can be selected based on user input. The user can choose the cylinder power that gives the target the sharpest appearance. For example, the user can look at targets 204-1, 204-2, and 204-3. Target 204-1 may appear sharp when viewed, while targets 204-2 and 204-3 may appear blurry. Therefore, the user provides input to select target 204-1 as the best available option.

[0105] Users can select their preferred target using gaze input (e.g., by gazing at the preferred target for a longer than a given time), touch input, voice commands, button input (e.g., for buttons or numeric crowns), etc.

[0106] Figure 11 The method can be repeated multiple times until the optimal cylindrical power for the user is determined. For example, in the first iteration, the target could have associated spherical powers of -1.0D, -1.5D, and -2.0D. The user selects -1.5D as the target that appears sharpest. In the second iteration, the target could have associated spherical powers of -1.25D, -1.5D, and 1.75D. The user selects -1.5D as the target that appears sharpest. In the third iteration, the target could have associated spherical powers of -1.4D, -1.5D, and -1.6D. The user selects -1.4D as the target that appears sharpest. This cylindrical power can be identified as the optimal cylindrical power for the user's vision.

[0107] Generally speaking, it can be executed Figure 11 The desired number of iterations are used to progressively approximate the optimal cylinder power for the user's vision.

[0108] It should be noted that Figure 11 The method can be performed on a single eye of the user (because each eye can have a different optimal cylinder power). For the untested eye, the display 14 can present a solid color background image and / or present content that looks similar to what the tested eye would see in order to avoid user discomfort.

[0109] exist Figure 11 During operation, the spherical power and cylindrical axis can remain constant.

[0110] exist Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 In this context, discrete targets are shown as having at least one associated unique characteristic (e.g., Figure 6 The associated unique spherical power, Figure 8 The associated unique cylindrical axis and Figure 10 (The associated unique cylindrical power in the example). This example is merely illustrative. Figure 12 Another possible implementation shown may present a target associated with a continuous range of values ​​for a specific characteristic.

[0111] like Figure 12 As shown, target 204 (sometimes referred to as optical mark 204, optical target 204, symbol 204, etc.) may be presented in area 202 along with text descriptions 206-1 and 206-2. Target 204 may include stripes parallel to the axis orientation of the fixed cylinder lens used for the tunable lens or may have another desired appearance.

[0112] The left side of target 204 can be associated with a first cylindrical power (listed in description 206-1). The first cylindrical power can be the minimum cylindrical power. The right side of target 204 can be associated with a second cylindrical power (listed in description 206-2). The second cylindrical power can be the maximum cylindrical power.

[0113] The user of the electronic device 10 can provide input that causes the tunable lens to set its cylinder power within a range defined by a minimum cylinder power and a maximum cylinder power. In one example, gaze input obtained from a gaze detection sensor can be used to update the tunable lens.

[0114] exist Figure 12 In this configuration, the fixation point 210 is aligned with the leftmost side of the target 204. When the fixation point is aligned with the leftmost side of the target 204, the tunable lens can be adjusted to have the minimum cylindrical power associated with the target 204. As the user's gaze direction gradually changes to the right, the cylindrical power of the tunable lens is updated based on the distance between the fixation point on the left and right sides of the target 204. For example, if the user fixates on a point representing 25% of the distance from left to right, the tunable lens can be updated to have a cylindrical power of -4.5D. If the user fixates on a point representing 50% of the distance from left to right, the tunable lens can be updated to have a cylindrical power of -3.0D. If the user fixates on a point representing 75% of the distance from left to right, the tunable lens can be updated to have a cylindrical power of -1.5D.

[0115] In this way, the tunable lens can be continuously adjusted within a predetermined range based on the user's gaze point. The user can be prompted to select the point where the target appears sharpest. The user can then scan the target using their gaze point. The optical power of the tunable lens is updated as a function (e.g., a linear function) of the horizontal distance from the gaze point.

[0116] Using this type of arrangement, users can intuitively and easily switch the tunable lens within a certain range of cylindrical power. After viewing the entire target, the user can evaluate which point on the target appears sharpest. The user can provide user input to select the point along the target that appears sharpest (with an associated cylindrical power). The electronic device can use the selected cylindrical power to determine the optimal cylindrical power for the user during operation of the electronic device 10.

[0117] If needed, additional visual content, such as content 208, can be presented on display 14 simultaneously with target 204. Generally, content 208 can be a visual cue used to influence the user's perception of the distance (depth) of the image content. For example, content 208 (sometimes referred to as background content 208) may include one or more depth cues (such as a horizon) to indicate that target 204 is distant and to relax the user's eye accommodation. Alternatively or additionally, content 208 may include stereoscopic content that allows the user to perceive the image content at a desired distance.

[0118] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating exemplary method steps for operating an electronic device with an adjustable lens having an adjustable cylindrical power. First, in step 132, the electronic device 10 may present one or more depth cues to set a perceived image distance (sometimes referred to as perceived image depth). As previously mentioned, depth cues may include a horizon, stereoscopic content, etc. In step 134, the display 14 may present a target associated with a range of cylindrical powers. The target may be on a first side of the target (e.g., Figure 12 The left side of the target has the associated minimum cylinder power, and on the opposite second side of the target (e.g., the left side of the target) .... Figure 12 The target (right side of the image) has an associated maximum cylinder power. The target extends continuously from the first side to the second side. The target may include glyphs, stripes (e.g., horizontal stripes, vertical stripes, and / or diagonal stripes, etc.) and / or any other desired symbols or features. Generally, these targets can have any desired appearance. If desired, one or more cylinder powers (e.g., minimum and maximum cylinder powers) may be displayed in the text description adjacent to the target. If desired, the current cylinder power being used by the tunable lens (and based on the gaze point along the target) may be displayed in the description adjacent to the target.

[0119] In step 136, the gaze detection sensor (sometimes called a gaze tracking sensor) determines the viewer's gaze point on display 14. Electronic equipment 10 (e.g., control circuitry 12) can adjust the cylinder power of the tunable lens based on where the target overlaps with the gaze point. Figure 12In the example, when the viewer looks to the left of target 204, the tunable lens is adjusted to a cylinder power of -6.0D; when the viewer looks to the right of the target, the tunable lens is adjusted to a cylinder power of 0.0D; when the viewer looks to the center of target 204, the tunable lens is adjusted to a cylinder power of -3.0D, and so on. If the user is not looking at the target, the tunable lens can maintain the cylinder power from the point on the most recently viewed target, or it can revert to the default cylinder power.

[0120] The example of updating the tunable lens based on gaze input in step 136 is merely illustrative. Alternatively, a user may provide touch input (e.g., to a touch sensor), voice commands (e.g., to a microphone), button input (e.g., to a button or digital crown), and / or other desired input to change a selected point on the target. For example, a user may swipe right on the touch sensor to change a selected point on target 204, provide a voice command to change a selected point on target 204, press a button to change a selected point on target 204, rotate a button (e.g., a digital crown) to change a selected point on target 204, and so on.

[0121] Finally, in step 138, the optimal cylindrical power of the presented options can be selected based on user input. The user can choose the cylindrical power that gives the target the sharpest appearance. For example, the user can scan target 204 to identify a given point on target 204 that appears sharpest. Therefore, the user provides input to select a given point on target 204 as the best available option.

[0122] Users can select their preferred point on the target using gaze input (e.g., by gazing at a preferred point on the target for a longer than a given dwell time), touch input, voice commands, button input (e.g., for buttons or numeric crowns), etc.

[0123] If necessary, Figure 13 The method can be repeated multiple times until the optimal cylindrical power for the user is determined. For example, in the first iteration, the target may have an associated range of a first value. In the second iteration, the target may have an associated range of a second value that is smaller than the first value. In other words, the first iteration can be a coarse adjustment, and the second iteration can be a fine adjustment.

[0124] Generally speaking, it can be executed Figure 13 The desired number of iterations are used to progressively approximate the optimal cylinder power for the user's vision.

[0125] It should be noted that Figure 13The method can be performed on a single eye of the user (because each eye can have a different optimal cylinder power). For the untested eye, the display 14 can present a solid color background image and / or present content that looks similar to what the tested eye would see in order to avoid user discomfort.

[0126] exist Figure 13 During operation, the spherical power and cylindrical axis can remain constant.

[0127] The description has been combined with the cylinder power. Figure 13 The operation (where the target has a continuous range of optical power). However, it should be understood that the same technique can be used alternatively or additionally to determine the optimal spherical power for a tunable lens.

[0128] This article has described methods for determining the optimal spherical power for tunable lenses (such as in...). Figure 6 and Figure 7 (in the middle), determine the optimal cylinder axis for the tunable lens (e.g., in Figure 8 and Figure 9 (in the middle) and determine the optimal cylinder power for the tunable lens (such as in Figures 10 to 13 The technique involves steps that can be performed in one order (e.g., determining the spherical power, then the cylindrical axis, then the cylindrical power) or another desired order. For the three characteristics of interest (e.g., spherical power, cylindrical axis, and cylindrical power) of a tunable lens, when the optimal value for one characteristic is determined, the two remaining characteristics are fixed. If necessary, the process of determining the spherical power, then the cylindrical axis, and then the cylindrical power can be repeated multiple times to fine-tune the tunable lens for the user's vision.

[0129] For example, when the cylinder axis is fixed at 0 degrees and the cylinder power is fixed at 0D, the first spherical power can be determined to be optimal. Subsequently, when the spherical power is fixed at the first spherical power and the cylinder power is fixed at 0D, the first cylinder axis is determined to be optimal. Subsequently, when the spherical power is fixed at the first spherical power and the cylinder axis is fixed at the first cylinder axis, the first cylinder power is determined to be optimal. After this first round of adjustment, the tunable lens has a first spherical power, a first cylinder axis, and a first cylinder power. These characteristics can be used to repeat the process to fine-tune the tunable lens. For example, when the cylinder axis is fixed at the first cylinder axis and the cylinder power is fixed at the first cylinder power (as determined in the first round of adjustment), a second spherical power different from the first spherical power can be determined to be optimal. Subsequently, when the spherical power is fixed at the second spherical power and the cylinder power is fixed at the first cylinder power, a second cylinder axis different from the first cylinder axis is determined to be optimal. Subsequently, when the spherical power is fixed at the second spherical power and the cylindrical axis is fixed at the second cylindrical axis, the second cylindrical power, which differs from the first cylindrical power, is determined to be optimal. After this second round of adjustment, the tunable lens has a second spherical power, a second cylindrical axis, and a second cylindrical power.

[0130] If needed, electronic device 10 can receive input from another user (e.g., an eye care professional performing an assessment) using wired or wireless communication with external electronic devices or other desired inputs. The tunable lens can be adjusted based on this received user input.

[0131] Another technique for adjusting adjustable lenses in electronic devices can be based on Scheiner's principle. Figures 14A to 16B The example illustrates Shanner's principle. For instance... Figure 14A As shown, mask layer 224 can be positioned in front of eye 222. Mask 224 has two pinholes 226. Parallel beams 228-1 and 228-2 are emitted toward eye 222 through pinholes 226. Figure 14A An example of an emmetropic eye in which a parallel beam of light is focused onto a single point is shown. Figure 14A The perceived image seen by the eye in Figure 14B As shown in the image. Figure 14B As shown, when two parallel beams of light are correctly focused by the eye, a single point 228 is perceived.

[0132] Figure 15A An example of a nearsighted eye (myopia) is shown in which a parallel beam of light is focused on two different points. Figure 15B The image shown illustrates what the eye perceives. For example... Figure 15B As shown, because the parallel beams are not properly focused by the eye, the first beam and the second beam are distinguishable at their respective first and second points.

[0133] Figure 16A An example of farsightedness (hyperopia) is shown, in which a parallel beam of light is focused on two different points. Figure 16B The image shown illustrates what the eye perceives. For example... Figure 16B As shown, because the parallel beams are not properly focused by the eye, the first beam and the second beam are distinguishable at their respective first and second points.

[0134] The tunable lens in the electronic device 10 can be adjusted using the Scherrer principle. Specifically, an opaque layer with pinholes can be positioned between the tunable lens and the user's eye. Figure 17 An example with lens elements 72-1 and 72-2 positioned between display 14 and eye 222 is shown. As shown, a mask layer 224 (sometimes referred to as opaque layer 224, light-blocking layer 224, pinhole layer 224, etc.) is inserted between lens element 72-2 and eye 222. Mask layer 224 can be used to determine whether the lens assembly including lens elements 72-1 and 72-2 is correctly focusing light for the viewer.

[0135] The mask layer 224 may have one or more apertures aligned with the infrared sensor used in the gaze detection sensor. Alternatively or additionally, the mask layer 224 may be transparent with infrared light to avoid affecting the performance of the gaze detection sensor in the electronic device 10.

[0136] Figure 17 The example of the mask layer 224 being inserted between the eye 222 and the lens element 72-2 is merely illustrative. The mask layer 224 may alternatively be formed between the display 14 and the lens element 72-1, or it may be integrated into the lens module 72.

[0137] exist Figures 14A to 16A In this process, mask layer 224 includes a single pinhole pair. A single pinhole pair can measure whether light is correctly focused along a single axis. To allow simultaneous testing of whether light is correctly focused along multiple axes, mask layer 224 may alternatively include, as shown below... Figure 18 The top view shows the pinhole pair of rings.

[0138] like Figure 18As shown, multiple pinhole pairs are distributed around a center 232. The center 232 may be the geometric center of the mask layer 224 and / or may be aligned with the geometric center of the tunable lens element 72-2. These examples are merely illustrative. In general, the center 232 can be located at any desired position. Each pinhole pair 230 includes a first pinhole 226-1 (sometimes referred to as aperture 226-1, opening 226-1, hole 226-1, etc.) and a second pinhole 226-2 (sometimes referred to as aperture 226-2, opening 226-2, hole 226-2, etc.). The first pinhole 226-1 may be closer to the center 232 than the second pinhole 226-2. Therefore, pinhole 226-1 may be referred to as the inner pinhole, and pinhole 226-2 may be referred to as the outer pinhole.

[0139] Pinholes 226-1 can be arranged in a ring around center 232. In other words, the distance 234 between center 232 and inner pinhole 226-1 is the same for each pair of pinholes. Pinholes 226-2 can be arranged in a ring around center 232. The distance between center 232 and outer pinhole 226-2 is the same for each pair of pinholes. For each pair of pinholes, pinholes 226-1 and 226-2 can be separated by a center-to-center distance 236. Each pinhole can have a diameter 238. The diameters of pinholes 226-1 and 226-2 can be the same or different.

[0140] As an example, distance 234 can be 5 mm, distance 236 can be 2 mm, and diameter 238 can be 0.5 mm. This example is for illustrative purposes only. Distance 234 can be greater than 2 mm, greater than 4 mm, greater than 6 mm, greater than 8 mm, less than 10 mm, less than 6 mm, etc. Distance 236 can be greater than 1 mm, greater than 2 mm, greater than 3 mm, less than 5 mm, less than 3 mm, etc. Distance 238 can be greater than 0.1 mm, greater than 0.3 mm, greater than 0.5 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1 mm, etc.

[0141] It may be desirable to have a distance 236 as large as possible while ensuring that light from both pinholes reaches the viewer's pupil. In an embodiment where the pinhole positioning is adjustable, the distance 236 can be adjusted based on the measured pupil size of the viewer's eye. If the pupil has a larger diameter, the distance 236 can be increased, and if the pupil has a smaller diameter, the distance 236 can be decreased. In an embodiment where the pinhole positioning is adjustable, the positioning of the center 232 can be adjusted to ensure that light passing through the pinholes enters the user's pupil.

[0142] Mask layer 224 can be formed of any desired material. In one possible arrangement, mask layer 224 is formed of an adjustable liquid crystal layer. As an example, the adjustable liquid crystal layer may include a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal matrix interposed between a first linear polarizer and a second linear polarizer. If the adjustable liquid crystal layer receives polarized light, one of the linear polarizers may be optionally omitted. A transparent conductive layer (e.g., indium tin oxide) may be included to selectively apply voltage to the liquid crystal matrix. The adjustable liquid crystal layer may be pixelated to allow the pinhole positioning to be adjusted in real time. Some portions of the adjustable liquid crystal layer may be set to be opaque to incident light (e.g., having a transmittance of less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 3%, etc.), while other portions of the adjustable liquid crystal layer may be set to be transparent to incident light to form pinholes. In this example, the transparency of the pinholes may be greater than 70%, greater than 90%, greater than 95%, greater than 98%, etc. Mask layer 224 may be a static liquid crystal layer rather than a dynamically adjustable liquid crystal layer, wherein the positioning of the pinhole region is fixed. As another alternative, the mask layer 224 can be formed of an opaque material (such as black plastic or other desired material with physical pores to form transparent pinholes).

[0143] When the mask layer 224 includes an adjustable liquid crystal layer, the mask layer 224 can be permanently fixed in the display module 70. During evaluation of the tunable lens and user vision, the mask layer can be adjusted to have… Figure 18 The pinhole shown is of this type. During normal operation (when no evaluation of the tunable lens and user vision is performed), the entire mask layer can be adjusted to be transparent (and therefore will not adversely affect the optical performance of the electronic device).

[0144] When the mask layer 224 is not adjustable, the mask layer 224 may be a removable mask layer temporarily attached to the display module 70. The mask layer 224 may have one or more attachment features (e.g., magnets, protrusions, recesses, clamps, etc.) configured to cooperate with corresponding attachment features of the electronic device 10 to temporarily position the mask layer 224 in a desired location within the electronic device 10.

[0145] Mask layer 224 may optionally have a central opening 240 that allows the displayed content to be seen through the center of the mask layer. For example, a cue or other user interface element associated with testing a user's eyesight may be displayed through the central opening 240.

[0146] During testing of the user's vision and the adjustable lens 72-2, a dot visible through pinhole 226 can be displayed on display 14. If desired, a color filter element can optionally be included in the pinhole. For example, the display can present a white dot, the inner pinhole can include a color filter element of a first color, and the outer pinhole can include a color filter element of a second color different from the first color. To ensure that the dot on display 14 reaches the user's pupil, beam steering can be performed. Beam steering can include (e.g., when the positioning of the pinhole in mask layer 224 is fixed) moving the positioning of the dot on display 14, moving the positioning of the pinhole when mask layer 224 is adjustable, or a combination of these techniques. Beam steering can be performed based on the positioning of the user's pupil detected by a gaze detection sensor.

[0147] If the tunable lens 72-2 has the optical power to correctly compensate for the user's vision, the user will perceive as... Figure 19 The loop shown is a single point. If the tunable lens 72-2 (due to spherical aberration) has an optical power that does not properly compensate for the user's vision, the user will perceive as... Figure 20 The loop shown is a discrete pair of pinholes. When... Figure 20 In a configuration where two discrete points are visible for each pinhole pair (and the color filter element is included within the pinhole), the color of the inner ring of the point can indicate whether more or less optical power is needed to compensate for the user's vision.

[0148] If the tunable lens 72-2 (due to cylindrical aberration) has an optical power that does not properly compensate for the user's vision, the user will perceive as... Figure 21 The distance varies between pinhole pairs, as shown. Some users may suffer from astigmatism, where the curvature of the eye differs in one direction from that in another. If the tunable lens 72-2 has only spherical power, an eye with astigmatism can perceive single points (indicating correct focus) at certain points around the ring and paired points (indicating incorrect focus) at other points around the ring. The position around the ring with single points and / or the position around the ring with the maximum displacement between paired points can be used to determine the cylindrical axis for the tunable lens 72-2.

[0149] Figure 22This is a flowchart illustrating exemplary method steps performed by an electronic device including a mask layer with multiple pinhole pairs. In step 142, the electronic device can present an image on display 14. A user can view the image through lens module 72 and mask layer 224. The mask layer may have a ring of transparent pinhole pairs that allows light from display 14 to pass through. The remainder of the mask layer may be opaque and block light from display 14. The image presented on display 14 may include a light spot aligned with each pinhole pair in mask layer 224. The example of pinhole pairs distributed in a ring around mask layer 224 is merely illustrative. If desired, groups of three or more pinholes may be distributed around mask layer 224. Using three or more pinholes in each group can accommodate small pupils while providing higher sensitivity for users with larger pupils.

[0150] In step 144, the electronic device 10 can receive user input regarding the image perceived by the user. The user can provide user input indicating whether they perceive a ring of a single point or a ring of pairs of points. If the user perceives a ring of pairs of points, the user can provide user input indicating the color of the inner ring of the point. Based on the user input, the electronic device 10 can adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) the spherical power of the tunable lens 72-2.

[0151] After adjusting the spherical power of the tunable lens, step 144 can be repeated as indicated in cycle 150 until the user inputs an identifier for at least one single point existing around the perimeter of the dot ring.

[0152] The user can provide input (e.g., by rotating the digital crown, gestures, etc.) to adjust the spherical power of the tunable lens until at least one of the point pairs is aligned, rather than the electronic device 10 (e.g., control circuitry 12) estimating the new spherical power for the tunable lens based on the user input. Once one of the point pairs is aligned, the user can provide input indicating this.

[0153] Next, in step 146, the user can provide input indicating whether all points around the ring are single points, or whether some points are single points and some points are paired points. If all points are single points, the tunable lens 72-2 correctly compensates for the user's vision and no further action is required. If some points (but not all) are single points, the user can provide user input indicating which points are single points and / or which pairs of points have the maximum spacing. In response to this user input, the electronic device 10 can set the cylinder axis for the tunable lens. Next, in step 148, the electronic device 10 can adjust the cylinder power of the tunable lens. The cylinder power can be adjusted based on user input (e.g., user input identifying the maximum distance between pairs of points, the color of the inner ring of the points, etc.). As shown in loop 152, steps 146 and 148 can be repeated until the distance between pairs of points around the ring is minimized (e.g., ideally until a ring of single points indicating correct focus in the optical system exists).

[0154] The user can provide input (e.g., rotating the digital crown, gesture, etc.) to adjust the cylindrical power of the tunable lens until all point pairs in the dot pair are aligned, instead of the electronic device 10 (e.g., control circuitry 12) estimating the new cylindrical power for the tunable lens based on the user input. Once all point pairs in the dot pair are aligned, the user can provide input indicating this.

[0155] Users can provide user input in steps 144, 146, and / or 148 using gaze input, touch input, voice commands, or button input (e.g., for buttons or numeric crowns). As a specific example, a user can use a voice command in step 144 to indicate whether a single dot ring is visible, gaze input in step 146 to identify a pair of dots with the largest spacing, and button input in step 148 to indicate whether a single dot ring is visible.

[0156] exist Figure 22 During the method, electronic device 10 can use any desired output device to provide cues. As previously mentioned, mask layer 224 may have a central opening 240, which allows for... Figure 22 During operation, visible content is displayed at the center of the dot ring. The content in the central opening 240 may include text instructions, arrows that the user rotates to point to a single dot or a pair of dots with maximum spacing, or any other desired content. In addition to the visible content via display 14, the electronic device 10 may also use a speaker to deliver audio instructions if needed.

[0157] As an example, in Figure 22During operation, the tunable lens may have a spherical power of 0 during the first test in steps 142 and 144. In step 144, a speaker in the electronic device 10 may broadcast the question to the user: “Does the dot ring include a single point?” If the user answers no, the speaker in the electronic device 10 may broadcast the question to the user: “What color is the inner ring of the point?” Based on the user input, the spherical power of the tunable lens may be updated to -2.0D. The speaker reiterates: “Does the dot ring include a single point?” If the user answers yes, the method proceeds to step 146, and the speaker in the electronic device 10 may broadcast the instruction to the user: “Adjust the arrow to point to a pair of points with the maximum spacing.” The user uses gaze input and / or button input to adjust (visible through the central opening 140) the arrow to point to the appropriate pair of points. In response, the electronic device selects the cylindrical axis for the tunable lens 72-2. The electronic device may select an initial cylindrical power of -1.0D for the tunable lens (as an example). Next, in step 148, the speaker in the electronic device 10 can broadcast the question to the user: "Does the ring of dots include a pair of dots?" If the user answers yes, steps 146 and / or 148 can be repeated until it is perceived that there is only a single dot around the ring (or until the distance between the dots around the ring is minimized as much as possible).

[0158] One or more external cameras can observe the retina of the eye and objectively adjust the tunable lens without explicit user intervention, rather than requiring the user to provide subjective feedback on the alignment of the point.

[0159] It should be noted that Figure 22 The method can be performed on a single eye of the user (because each eye can have a different optimal cylinder power). For the untested eye, the display 14 can present a solid color background image and / or present content that looks similar to what the tested eye would see in order to avoid user discomfort.

[0160] Combination Figures 23 to 25 Another possible user interface for adjusting the tunable lens is shown and discussed. For example... Figure 23 As shown, test chart 302 is displayed on display 14. Test chart 302 includes multiple lines 306 or other visual elements extending radially away from a common point 304 (sometimes referred to as center 304). The lines 306 (sometimes referred to as visual elements 306) may be evenly spaced (e.g., at 10-degree intervals) to form a semi-circular coverage area with lines evenly distributed across the entire semicircle.

[0161] Each visual element can be a line if desired. Alternatively, visual elements can be selected to give the semi-circular overlay the appearance of a peacock's tail, a folding fan, the sun, or other real-world objects. Figure 23As shown, if desired, line 306 can have a thickness that decreases toward the center 304. Figure 23 As shown, each line 306 may have a first portion 306-P1 with a first thickness, a second portion 306-P2 with a second thickness, and a third portion 306-P3 with a third thickness (where each portion gradually moves closer to the center 304). The first thickness is greater than the second thickness, and the second thickness is greater than the third thickness.

[0162] During the adjustment of the tunable lens element, the spherical power of the tunable lens element can be scanned from the maximum value to the minimum value. This scanning speed can be determined by the electronic device 10 and / or can be controlled by the user (e.g., the user can speed up the rate of change, slow down the rate of change, temporarily reverse the rate of change, etc.).

[0163] As the spherical power gradually decreases from the maximum to the minimum, test chart 302 will gradually become the focal point for the user. For users with astigmatism, these lines will become more focused at a certain point along a single direction rather than in other directions (e.g., becoming darker if these lines are solid black). For example, in Figure 23 In the middle, when the spherical power has the first value, line 306-1 becomes darker than the surrounding lines.

[0164] Users can provide input to identify line 306-1 as the most focused line at that moment. For example... Figure 23 As shown, in addition to test chart 302, symbol 308 can also be displayed. Symbol 308 can be an arrow, pointer, or any other desired icon or image. The symbol can identify a line in line 306 that is currently being targeted (e.g., Figure 23 (Line 306-1 in the middle).

[0165] The target line can be selected based on user input. For example, user gaze input can determine the target line in a test chart. When the user's gaze point overlaps with a given line, that line is selected as the target, and the positioning of symbol 308 is adjusted to indicate the selected line. As another example, the user can perform a gesture (e.g., pointing right or left) detected by electronic device 10 and used to move symbol 308 (and the target line). Symbol 308 can provide feedback to the user to ensure accurate selection of the line perceived as most focused by the user.

[0166] When the user selects line 306-1, the electronic device 10 can record the spherical power. The electronic device 10 can also record the angle 310 associated with line 306-1.

[0167] Subsequently, the scanning of the spherical power can continue from the maximum value to the minimum value. At a certain point, these lines will again become more focused in a single direction (e.g., darker in the case where these lines are solid black lines). For example, in Figure 24 , when the spherical power has a second value, line 306-2 becomes darker than the surrounding lines. Since the value of the spherical power only decreases between Figure 23 and Figure 24 , the second value (from Figure 24 ) is less than or equal to the first value (from Figure 23 ).

[0168] The user can provide an input to identify line 306-2 at this time. The line can be selected based on the user input. For example, the gaze input from the user can determine the target line in the test chart. When the user's gaze point overlaps with a given line, that line is selected as the target, and the positioning of symbol 308 is adjusted to indicate the selected line. As another example, the user can perform a gesture (such as pointing right or left) that is detected by the electronic device 10 and used to move symbol 308 (and the target line).

[0169] When the user selects line 306-2, the electronic device 10 can record the spherical power. The electronic device 10 can also record the angle 312 associated with line 306-2.

[0170] In summary, Figure 23 and Figure 24 the techniques shown enable the head-mounted device to obtain a first spherical power (from Figure 23 ) when the user identifies a first line that becomes more focused than adjacent lines, a first angle (e.g., the angle 310 from Figure 23 associated with the angle of the most focused first line), a second spherical power (from Figure 24 ) when the user identifies a second line that becomes more focused than adjacent lines, and a second angle (e.g., the angle 312 from Figure 24 associated with the angle of the most focused second line).

[0171] For subsequent operations of the electronic device 10, the spherical power of the tunable lens is set equal to the first spherical power, the cylindrical power of the tunable lens is set equal to the difference between the first spherical power and the second spherical power, and the cylindrical axis position is set equal to the average of: 1) the first angle; and 2) the second angle minus 90 degrees.

[0172] Figure 25 is a flowchart of exemplary method steps that can be performed by an electronic device for a test chart of the type shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24 . At step 322, the display 14 can display a test chart, such as from Figure 23 and Figure 24 Test chart 302. Test chart 302 includes lines or other visual elements extending radially away from a point (e.g., center point 304) at regular intervals. In other words, the angle between each line is the same (e.g., 10 degrees or another desired angle). Figure 23 and Figure 24 In the example, there are 19 lines spaced at 10-degree intervals to form a semi-circular coverage area.

[0173] In step 324, the electronic device 10 can set the spherical power of the adjustable lens to the maximum spherical power, and then gradually decrease the spherical power over time. In step 324, the user can optionally provide user input to adjust the spherical power scan.

[0174] In step 326, when the lines of test chart 302 become more focused along a first single direction than along other adjacent directions, electronic device 10 can receive user input. Figure 23 In the example, line 306-1 becomes more focused than its adjacent lines. When the user provides user input in step 326, the spherical power at the time of user input is recorded as a first spherical power D1. The angle (A1) of the selected line is also recorded (see [reference]). Figure 23 (Angle 310 in the middle). In step 326, user input can be provided using gaze input, gestures, or other desired user sensors or components in electronic device 10.

[0175] In step 328, the electronic device 10 may continue (e.g., starting from D1 in step 326) to gradually decrease the spherical power over time. In step 328, the user may optionally provide user input to adjust the spherical power scan.

[0176] In step 330, when the line of test chart 302 becomes more focused along the second single direction than along other adjacent directions, electronic device 10 can receive user input. Figure 24 In the example, line 306-2 becomes more focused than its adjacent lines. When the user provides user input in step 330, the spherical power at that time is recorded as a second spherical power D2. The angle (A2) of the selected line is also recorded (see [reference]). Figure 24 (Angle 312). In step 330, user input can be provided using gaze input, gestures, or other desired user sensors or components in electronic device 10.

[0177] Finally, in step 332, the adjustable lens can be tuned based on the user input from steps 326 and 330. Specifically, the spherical power can be set to equal D1 from step 326. The cylindrical power can be set to equal D2 - D1. The cylindrical axis can be set to the average of: 1) A1; and 2) A2 minus 90 degrees. Using these values ​​in the adjustable lens should produce a focused image for the user.

[0178] It should be noted that if the user does not have astigmatism, D1 can be approximately equal to D2. In this case, the cylinder power selected in step 332 is 0, and the spherical power selected in step 332 is D1. Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 , Figure 13 , Figure 22 and Figure 25 The method can be performed once to adjust the first tunable lens for the left eye, and the method can be performed a second time to adjust the second tunable lens for the right eye.

[0179] It should be noted that the virtual image distance (VID) associated with each lens module 72 can be fixed or adjustable. Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 , Figure 13 , Figure 22 and Figure 25 During the method, any desired virtual image distance can be used.

[0180] According to an embodiment, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a display configured to present at least one target; a gaze detection sensor configured to determine a gaze point; and an tunable lens through which the display can be viewed, the tunable lens having an optical power set based on the gaze point relative to the at least one target.

[0181] According to another embodiment, at least one target includes a first target and a second target, and the optical power is set based on the gaze point relative to the first target and the second target.

[0182] According to another embodiment, when the gaze point overlaps with a first target, the optical power is set to a first value, and when the gaze point overlaps with a second target, the optical power is set to a second value.

[0183] According to another embodiment, the display is configured to present a description of a first quantity adjacent to a first target and a description of a second quantity adjacent to a second target.

[0184] According to another embodiment, the gaze detection sensor is configured to identify a user-selected target among a first target and a second target.

[0185] According to another embodiment, the electronic device includes an input device configured to identify a user-selected target among a first target and a second target.

[0186] According to another embodiment, the input device includes a microphone.

[0187] According to another embodiment, the input device includes a touch sensor.

[0188] According to another embodiment, the input device includes a button.

[0189] According to another embodiment, at least one target is a single target that extends continuously from a first side to an opposite second side, and the optical power is set based on the gaze point relative to the single target.

[0190] According to another implementation, the optical power is set based on the fixation point within a single target.

[0191] According to another embodiment, a first side of a single target has an associated first optical power, a second side of a single target has an associated second optical power, and as the gaze point gradually changes from the first side of the single target to the second side of the single target, the optical power of the tunable lens gradually changes from the first optical power to the second optical power.

[0192] According to another embodiment, the display is configured to present background content in addition to at least one target.

[0193] According to another implementation, the background content includes in-depth clues.

[0194] According to another implementation scheme, optical power is spherical power.

[0195] According to another implementation scheme, optical power is cylindrical power.

[0196] According to an embodiment, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a display configured to present an image through a mask layer having a ring of pinholes; a tunable lens through which the display can be viewed; and an input device configured to receive user input regarding a perceived image associated with the display and the mask layer.

[0197] According to another implementation, the user input identifier is perceived as either a pair of points or a single point around the ring.

[0198] According to another embodiment, in addition to the ring of pinholes, the mask layer also has a central opening.

[0199] According to another implementation, the mask layer is selectively attached to the electronic device.

[0200] According to another embodiment, the mask layer includes an adjustable liquid crystal layer.

[0201] According to an implementation, a method for operating an electronic device is provided, the electronic device having a display, a tunable lens aligned with the display, and a gaze detection sensor, the method including using the display to present a plurality of targets associated with corresponding spherical powers, adjusting the spherical power of the tunable lens based on a gaze point obtained using the gaze detection sensor, and receiving user input identifying a preferred target among the plurality of targets.

[0202] According to an embodiment, a method for operating an electronic device is provided, the electronic device having a display and an tunable lens aligned with the display, the method comprising using the display to present a test chart including a plurality of visual elements extending radially outward from a common point, gradually changing the spherical power of the tunable lens, and selecting, based on user input, an optimal spherical power, an optimal cylindrical power, and an optimal cylindrical axis for the tunable lens.

[0203] The foregoing is merely illustrative and various modifications can be made to the described implementation scheme. The foregoing implementation scheme can be implemented individually or in any combination. Claims (as amended under Article 19 of the Treaty) 1. An electronic device, comprising: A display configured to present a target that extends continuously from a first side to an opposite second side; A gaze detection sensor, configured to determine a gaze point; and A tunable lens through which the display can be viewed, wherein the tunable lens has an optical power set based on the gaze point relative to the target. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the optical power is set based on the gaze point relative to the first side and the second side. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the optical power is set to a first value when the gaze point overlaps with the first side, and wherein the optical power is set to a second value when the gaze point overlaps with the second side. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the display is configured to present a description of the first quantity adjacent to the first side and a description of the second quantity adjacent to the second side. 5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the gaze detection sensor is configured to identify a user-selected point along the target. 6. The electronic device according to claim 3, further comprising: An input device configured to identify a point selected by the user along the target. 7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the input device includes a microphone. 8. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the input device includes a touch sensor. 9. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the input device includes a button. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the target comprises lettering or stripes. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the optical power is set according to the gaze point within the target. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the first side of the target has an associated first optical power, wherein the second side of the target has an associated second optical power, and wherein the optical power of the tunable lens gradually changes from the first optical power to the second optical power as the gaze point gradually changes from the first side of the target to the second side of the target. 13. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the display is configured to present background content in addition to the target. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the background content includes depth cues. 15. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the optical power is spherical power. 16. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the optical power is cylindrical power. 17. An electronic device comprising: A display configured to present an image through a mask layer having a ring of pinholes; A tunable lens through which the display can be viewed; and An input device configured to receive user input regarding a perceived image associated with the display and the mask layer. 18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the user input identifier is perceived around the ring as either a pair of points or a single point. 19. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the mask layer further has a central opening in addition to the ring of the pinhole pair. 20. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the mask layer is selectively attached to the electronic device. 21. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the mask layer comprises an adjustable liquid crystal layer. 22. A method of operating an electronic device, the electronic device having a display, an tunable lens aligned with the display, and a gaze detection sensor, the method comprising: The display is used to present multiple targets associated with corresponding spherical powers; The spherical power of the tunable lens is adjusted based on the gaze point obtained using the gaze detection sensor; and Receive user input identifying the preferred target among the plurality of targets. 23. A method of operating an electronic device, the electronic device having a display and an tunable lens aligned with the display, the method comprising: The display is used to present a test chart comprising multiple visual elements extending radially outward from a common point; Gradually change the spherical power of the tunable lens; and The optimal spherical power, optimal cylindrical power, and optimal cylindrical axis for the tunable lens are selected based on user input.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: A display configured to present at least one target; A gaze detection sensor configured to determine a gaze point; as well as A tunable lens through which the display can be viewed, wherein the tunable lens has an optical power set based on the gaze point relative to the at least one target.

2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one target comprises a first target and a second target, and wherein the optical power is set based on the gaze point relative to the first target and the second target.

3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the optical power is set to a first value when the gaze point overlaps with the first target, and wherein the optical power is set to a second value when the gaze point overlaps with the second target.

4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the display is configured to present a description of the first quantity adjacent to the first target and a description of the second quantity adjacent to the second target.

5. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the gaze detection sensor is configured to identify a user-selected target among the first target and the second target.

6. The electronic device according to claim 3, further comprising: An input device configured to identify a user-selected target between the first target and the second target.

7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the input device includes a microphone.

8. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the input device includes a touch sensor.

9. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein the input device includes a button.

10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the at least one target is a single target extending continuously from a first side to an opposite second side, and wherein the optical power is set based on the gaze point relative to the single target.

11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the optical power is set according to the gaze point within the single target.

12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the first side of the single target has an associated first optical power, wherein the second side of the single target has an associated second optical power, and wherein the optical power of the tunable lens gradually changes from the first optical power to the second optical power as the gaze point gradually changes from the first side of the single target to the second side of the single target.

13. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the display is configured to present background content in addition to the at least one target.

14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the background content includes depth cues.

15. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the optical power is spherical power.

16. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the optical power is cylindrical power.

17. An electronic device comprising: A display configured to present an image through a mask layer having a ring of pinholes; A tunable lens that allows viewing of the display through the tunable lens; as well as An input device configured to receive user input regarding a perceived image associated with the display and the mask layer.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the user input identifier is perceived around the ring as either a pair of points or a single point.

19. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the mask layer further has a central opening in addition to the ring of the pinhole pair.

20. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the mask layer is selectively attached to the electronic device.

21. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the mask layer comprises an adjustable liquid crystal layer.

22. A method of operating an electronic device, the electronic device having a display, an tunable lens aligned with the display, and a gaze detection sensor, the method comprising: The display is used to present multiple targets associated with corresponding spherical powers; The spherical power of the tunable lens is adjusted based on the gaze point obtained using the gaze detection sensor. as well as Receive user input identifying the preferred target among the plurality of targets.

23. A method of operating an electronic device, the electronic device having a display and an tunable lens aligned with the display, the method comprising: The display is used to present a test chart comprising multiple visual elements extending radially outward from a common point; Gradually change the spherical power of the tunable lens; as well as The optimal spherical power, optimal cylindrical power, and optimal cylindrical axis for the tunable lens are selected based on user input.

Images