Structural evolution method and device for recovering denudation stratum through trend-structure extrapolation of extension broken basin

Abstract

The invention relates to a tectonic evolution method and device for recovering denudation strata through trend-structure extrapolation of an extended fractured basin, and the method comprises the steps: collecting geology, earthquake and logging information of the extended fractured basin, and building a three-dimensional geologic model of the extended fractured basin; carrying out horizon interpretation on a two-dimensional earthquake and a three-dimensional earthquake in a research area through seismic event stratum tracking by combining seismic reflection characteristics and drilling data on the basis of a synthetic seismic record calibration stratum; carrying out unconformity interface and fracture interpretation on the stretching fault basin, establishing a construction model, dividing stratums corresponding to the unconformity interface of the stretching fault basin, and determining formation time, distribution and evolution of the stratums; establishing a typical structure style, and selecting a typical profile; the denudated syngenetic fault and / or boundary fault and the stratum are / is recovered; and extrapolating and recovering the denudation fault and the stratum through a trend-structure external technology, and recovering a structure evolution history diagram. According to the method, the denudated stratum can be reliably recovered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of oil and gas exploration and development technology and formation erosion recovery technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for recovering the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in extensional rift basins through trend-structure extrapolation. Background Technology

[0002] Erosion is a ubiquitous geological phenomenon during the deposition of sedimentary strata. Intense erosion significantly impacts the burial history, effective trap modification, source rock maturation, and tectonic evolution of the entire oil and gas basin, thus complicating the generation, accumulation, caprock formation, trapping, migration, and preservation of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the magnitude, extent, and time intervals of stratigraphic erosion are closely related to the conditions for hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, and preservation. Therefore, studying the reconstruction of stratigraphic erosion is crucial for evaluating oil and gas resources in oil and gas basins, determining tectonic evolution history, and facilitating oil and gas exploration.

[0003] Traditional methods for reconstructing erosion thickness mainly include: ① geological methods, such as stratigraphic correlation, trend thickness method, sedimentary rate method, and fluctuation analysis method; ② geochemical methods, such as vitrinite reflectance method, fluid inclusion method, and apatite fission track method; ③ geophysical methods, such as mudstone sonic transit time method and sandstone porosity method (Wu Bin et al., 2018). Among these, the stratigraphic correlation method mainly utilizes the inheritance and continuity of sedimentary deposition within the same stratum. As long as the overlying and underlying strata have similar sedimentary environments, the underlying strata can be used as a reference layer, and the erosion thickness can be reconstructed by observing the trend of thickness changes in the reference layer. However, this method is only suitable for areas where the erosion surface is localized and cannot be used for large-area or even regional erosion surfaces; or for areas where the static pressure formed later is not greater than the static pressure caused by the eroded strata. The trend thickness method mainly estimates the erosion thickness of strata by analyzing the thickness change trend of strata in their original development state. However, this method only considers the tectonic deformation of strata and fails to consider the influence of faults. Furthermore, it is not applicable to simple areas where the sedimentation rate of strata in extensional rift basins does not change abruptly, but to areas with developed faults, tectonic inversions, and abrupt changes in sedimentation rate.

[0004] The methods described above, in the process of stratigraphic erosion restoration, only consider the stratigraphic structure and do not take into account the influence of faults, and are not applicable to large-scale extensional rift basins with multiple phases of tectonic movement. Furthermore, for areas with multiple phases of tectonic movement and vast areas, the use of these methods will introduce errors, leading to distorted restoration results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in extensional rift basins through trend-structure extrapolation. This method addresses the problems of traditional stratigraphic erosion recovery techniques, which oversimplify the geological processes controlling stratigraphic thickness distribution due to faults, are highly sensitive to data quality and distribution, rely on subjective model selection, have weak extrapolation capabilities, and cannot effectively quantify prediction uncertainties, resulting in distorted results. Another objective of this invention is to provide a device for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in extensional rift basins through trend-structure extrapolation.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: This method for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in extensional rift basins through trend-structure extrapolation includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect geological, seismic, and well logging data of the extensional rift basin, including 2D and 3D seismic data, and establish a 3D geological model of the extensional rift basin. Step 2: Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, and after calibrating the stratigraphy using synthetic seismic records, and combining seismic reflection characteristics and drilling data, stratigraphic interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data in the study area is performed by tracing the stratigraphy along seismic phase axes. Step 3: Interpret the unconformity interfaces and faults of the extensional rift basin, establish a tectonic model, delineate the strata corresponding to the unconformity interfaces of the extensional rift basin, and determine their formation time, distribution and evolution. Step 4: Based on the interpretation results, establish typical structural styles and select typical cross-sections; Step 5: Based on the interpreted fault information and geological information of the extensional rift basin, reconstruct the eroded syn-sedimentary faults and / or boundary faults and strata. Step 6: Integrate data from extensional rift basins, extrapolate and reconstruct erosion faults and strata using trend-structure extrapolation techniques, and reconstruct tectonic evolution history using balanced profile techniques.

[0007] In step one of the above scheme, geological, seismic and well logging data of the extensional rift basin are collected, including drilling data, well logging data, well logging data, and regional geological data of the extensional rift basin. Then, a three-dimensional geological model of the extensional rift basin is established using Geoeast software.

[0008] Step two of the above scheme is as follows: Based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, and after calibrating the strata using synthetic seismic records, combined with seismic reflection characteristics and drilling data, using standardized acoustic waves and density curves without anomalies, and combining actual seismic wavelets, a Ricker wavelet is fitted to generate a synthetic record. This record is then compared with seismic waves from the wellbore, and the coupling between the seismic wavelets corresponding to the stratigraphic interfaces and the synthetic record wavelets is analyzed to perform stratigraphic calibration. The calibration results are then used to perform stratigraphic interpretation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data in the study area by tracing the seismic phase axis.

[0009] Step four of the above scheme is as follows: Time-depth curves are fitted from seismic data, combined with sonic transit time and well logging data, and converted into a depth domain. Based on the interpretation results, typical structural patterns are established, and typical profiles are selected. Profiles with well-preserved strata, complete sequence boundaries, clear sedimentary centers, and distinct structural features within the depression are selected as typical profiles. Based on the structural interpretation results of the extensional rift basin, fault characteristics on the strata and seismic reflection characteristics of the sedimentary strata are identified and analyzed, and the control effect of syn-sedimentary faults on the distribution of sedimentary strata is analyzed.

[0010] Step five of the above scheme is as follows: Based on the interpreted fault information and geological information of the extensional rift basin, the interpreted fault types are clarified, namely, boundary faults, controlling faults, and secondary faults. First, the eroded boundary faults are restored based on the residual boundary faults. Second, the eroded boundary faults are restored based on the residual controlling faults and secondary faults. The length of the restored faults depends on the thickness of the erosion, and the direction of the restored faults is based on the dip of the residual faults. Finally, the structural style of the restored faults is analyzed. Combining the control effect of faults on the strata and the morphology of the residual strata in different structural styles, the rules for restoring eroded strata are established: Considering the control effect of syn-sedimentary faults on the distribution of sedimentary strata and the shape of the residual strata, when the eroded strata are restored, the thickness of the strata in the sedimentary center is greater than the thickness of the strata at the sedimentary edge, and the strata were of consistent depth before being eroded.

[0011] Step six of the above scheme is as follows: Based on the comprehensive analysis of structural geometry, kinematics and dynamics, combined with the thickness of strata in different periods and the restored faults and erosion amounts, the thickness of eroded strata is calculated based on the thickness of intact sedimentary strata in the extensional rift basin and the restored syn-sedimentary faults and / or boundary faults. The eroded strata in the eroded area are restored, and the multi-stage tectonic evolution history of the extensional rift basin is systematically reconstructed using balanced profile technology.

[0012] A device for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in an extensional rift basin via trend-structure extrapolation includes an acquisition module, a modeling module, a reconstruction module, a conversion module, and a mapping module. The acquisition module is used to acquire two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, drilling data, and regional geological data of extensional rift basins. The modeling module is used to identify unconformities and faults based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data and regional geological data of extensional rift basins, divide the strata corresponding to the unconformities of extensional rift basins, continuously trace the strata, continuously interpret the faults, ensure the closure of the strata and faults, and establish a continuous structural model of extensional rift basins. The restoration module is used to restore syn-sedimentary faults and / or boundary faults and eroded strata in extensional rift basins; The conversion module is used to perform time-depth conversion on time-domain seismic data, interpreted stratigraphic data, and fault data in extensional rift basins, converting time-domain data into depth-domain data. The mapping module is used to reconstruct the tectonic evolution history of extensional rift basins, and uses balanced profile technology to reconstruct tectonic evolution maps. Beneficial effects

[0013] 1. Current methods for restoring eroded strata only address the stratigraphic structure without considering the influence of faults, and are not applicable to extensional rift basins with large-scale, multi-stage tectonic movements. This invention can more effectively and reliably restore eroded strata, solving the problems of limited application, large extrapolation errors, and distorted results associated with traditional methods for restoring stratigraphic erosion. This allows for a clearer understanding of the paleogeography, source rocks, and sedimentary distribution of extensional rift basins, effectively reducing the risks of oil and gas exploration and development.

[0014] 2. This invention introduces a trend-structure extrapolation mechanism: based on the interpreted fault information, the eroded syn-sedimentary faults / boundary faults are restored, and combined with the control effect of faults on sedimentation and the morphology of residual strata, the restoration rules of eroded strata are established, which significantly improves the accuracy of erosion prediction and overcomes the limitations of the traditional trend extrapolation method in fault-developed areas.

[0015] 3. This invention is particularly applicable to large-scale extensional rift basins with multiple tectonic movements, providing reliable technical support for accurately reconstructing paleogeography, assessing the maturity of source rocks, clarifying the conditions for oil and gas migration and accumulation, and reducing exploration risks. The design of related devices and storage media enables the systematic operation of this process. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 The flowchart of this invention Figure 2 This is a logical framework diagram of the tectonic evolution method for reconstructing eroded strata in extensional rift basins using trend-structure extrapolation, as described in this invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a calibration diagram of the synthetic record in the study area of ​​this invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a comparative cross-sectional view of the erosion recovery method using the trend extrapolation method and the trend-structure extrapolation method in the extensional rift basin of this invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the trend of restoration of eroded strata in extensional rift basins—the structural extrapolation method.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a tectonic evolution diagram of an extensional rift basin provided for this invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for the method of restoring the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in extensional rift basins via trend-structure extrapolation, as per the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an electronic device for the method of reconstructing eroded strata in extensional rift basins via trend-structure extrapolation, provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: This method for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in extensional rift basins using trend-structure extrapolation first integrates multi-source data from 2D / 3D seismic, drilling, and regional geology sources. By synthesizing seismic records, stratigraphic horizons are accurately determined, and a continuous 3D tectonic model is constructed. Unconformities and fault systems are identified, stratigraphic distribution types are classified, and typical profiles are selected. A trend-structure extrapolation mechanism is introduced: based on interpreted fault information, eroded syn-sedimentary faults / boundary faults are reconstructed. Combining the control of faults on sedimentation and residual stratigraphic morphology, rules for reconstructing eroded strata are established, significantly improving the accuracy of erosion prediction and overcoming the limitations of traditional trend extrapolation methods in fault-developed areas. Finally, by integrating tectonic geometry, kinematics, and dynamic analysis, and combining stratigraphic thicknesses at different periods with reconstructed faults and erosion amounts, a balanced profile technique is used to systematically reconstruct the multi-stage tectonic evolution history of the extensional rift basin. Details are as follows: In my country, the edges of some extensional rift basins are often formed by large normal faults that are drawn into the basement. These faults are usually called the main boundary faults that control sedimentary basins or depressions, and their geometry and kinematic characteristics are closely related.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this method for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of eroded strata in extensional rift basins through trend-structure extrapolation includes the following steps: Step S01: Collect relevant geological, seismic, and well logging data for the extensional rift basin and establish a three-dimensional geological model. In this embodiment, the geological, seismic and well logging data related to the extensional rift basin mentioned above specifically include at least one of the following: including but not limited to two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, drilling data, well logging data, well logging data, and regional geological data of the extensional rift basin.

[0025] In this embodiment, the establishment of the three-dimensional geological model of the extensional rift basin specifically includes: Based on the data collected above, a three-dimensional geological model of the extensional rift basin was established using Geoeast software.

[0026] Step S02, based on 2D and 3D seismic data, and after strata calibration using synthetic seismic records, combined with seismic reflection characteristics and drilling data, performs stratigraphic interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic data in the study area through seismic phase axis stratigraphic tracing. Specifically, this includes: In this embodiment, standardized acoustic and density curves without outliers are used, combined with actual seismic wavelets, to fit a Ricker wavelet and generate a synthetic record. This record is then compared with borehole-side seismic waves to analyze the coupling between the seismic wavelets corresponding to the stratigraphic interfaces and the synthetic record wavelets, thereby performing stratigraphic calibration. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the stratigraphic interpretation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional earthquakes in the study area is carried out by using the calibration results and seismic phase axis stratigraphic tracing.

[0027] Step S03 involves interpreting the unconformities and faults in the extensional rift basin, establishing a tectonic model, dividing the strata corresponding to the unconformities in the extensional rift basin, and determining their formation time, distribution, and evolution. Specifically, this includes: In this embodiment, based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, drilling data, and regional geological data of the extensional rift basin collected by S01, a continuous structural model of the extensional rift basin is established. Furthermore, the unconformity interfaces and faults of the extensional rift basin are interpreted, the strata corresponding to the unconformity interfaces of the extensional rift basin are divided, and their expansion, formation time, distribution, and evolution are determined.

[0028] The time-depth curves, which are obtained by fitting time-seismic data, sonic transit time, and well logging data, are transformed into a depth domain. Based on the interpretation results, typical structural patterns are established and typical profiles are selected.

[0029] Step S04: Based on the interpretation results, establish typical structural styles and select typical cross-sections, specifically including: In this embodiment, a typical section is selected from the depression, characterized by well-preserved strata, complete sequence boundaries, a clear sedimentary center, and distinct structural features. Faults are identified based on seismic tectonic interpretation, and structural styles are classified according to fault combination characteristics, such as... Figure 5 As shown, a total of 6 cross sections were selected as typical cross sections, and the structural models established include: rolling half graben model, horst-graben model, "Y" shaped model, forward fault step model, reverse fault step model and rolling anticline model.

[0030] Furthermore, based on the tectonic interpretation results of extensional rift basins, we identified and analyzed the fault characteristics on the strata and the seismic reflection characteristics of sedimentary strata. We also analyzed the control effect of syn-sedimentary faults on the distribution of sedimentary strata.

[0031] Step S05, as follows Figure 4 As shown, based on the interpreted fault information and geological information of the extensional rift basin, the eroded syn-sedimentary faults / boundary faults and strata are reconstructed, specifically including: In this embodiment, based on the interpreted fault information and geological information of the extensional rift basin, the eroded syn-sedimentary faults / boundary faults are reconstructed.

[0032] Figure 4 The image shown is of an extensional rift basin in eastern my country. Figure 4 The traditional trend extrapolation method for restoring eroded strata shows that, when restoring strata, the continuous control of faults on strata is not considered; the restoration is simply based on the sedimentary trend of the strata. Figure 4 b represents the trend-structure extrapolation method of this invention. Based on the interpretation results of S03, the cross-sectional structure pattern is determined according to the typical structural patterns established in S04. Figure 4 Type b is a typical rolling anticline structure with one boundary fault F1 and seven secondary faults F2-F8. First, the eroded boundary fault F1 is reconstructed based on the residual boundary fault. Then, the eroded secondary faults F2-F8 are reconstructed based on the residual secondary faults. The length of the reconstructed faults depends on the erosion thickness, and the direction of the reconstructed faults is based on the dip of the residual faults. When reconstructing the eroded strata, the amount of transported strata into the depression is inferred based on the uneroded strata in the adjacent depression area, and the amount and thickness of erosion are calculated. Combining the control of faults on the strata in the rolling anticline structure with the morphology of the residual strata, the eroded strata are reconstructed.

[0033] Step S06, as follows Figure 6 As shown, based on the interpreted fault information and geological information of the extensional rift basin, the eroded secondary faults / boundary faults and strata are reconstructed, specifically including: Based on the comprehensive geological overview of the extensional rift basin region, structural geometry analysis, tectonic kinematics analysis, tectonic dynamics analysis, stratigraphic thickness at different periods, reconstruction of syn-sedimentary faults / boundary faults, reconstruction of stratigraphic erosion, and division of the tectonic evolution stages of the extensional rift basin, the tectonic evolution history of the extensional rift basin is reconstructed, and the tectonic evolution history map is reconstructed using balanced profile technology.

[0034] Figure 6The image shows the equilibrium evolution restoration of a seismic profile in an extensional rift basin in eastern my country, using the method of this invention. First, a structural model was constructed based on interpretation. Based on the detailed interpretation of the 3D seismic data in steps S01 to S03, key unconformities and fault systems were systematically identified. The stratigraphy of the study area was calibrated using synthetic records, resulting in the interpretation of nine stratigraphic sets. Figure 6 As shown, this typical profile reveals two boundary faults controlling the depression and 17 secondary faults controlling the strata. These faults cut through nine main strata within the profile and control their depositional distribution. Next, using faults and strata reconstructed through trend-structure extrapolation as input, steps S04 and S05 are performed to convert the time-domain seismic data to the depth domain via time-depth conversion. Based on the fault combination characteristics, a typical structural style for the study area is established. The example profile in the figure mainly includes rolling anticlines, trending fault steps, and "Y"-shaped structures.

[0035] During the restoration process, priority was given to restoring boundary faults. Based on the morphology and dip of the remaining boundary faults, the original lengths and spatial locations of the two eroded boundary faults were quantitatively restored. Then, 17 secondary faults controlling the strata were restored, adhering to the principle that fault length was determined by the erosion thickness and the restoration direction was based on the dip of the remaining faults. Simultaneously, when restoring the eroded strata, the amount of transported eroded strata into the depression was inferred based on the uneroded strata in adjacent depression areas, and the erosion volume and thickness were calculated. Combining the control effect of faults on strata in the rolling anticline structure and the morphology of the remaining strata, the eroded strata were restored. The structural evolution of the profile was then completed.

[0036] For specific implementation methods, please refer to the embodiments of this method, which will not be described in detail here.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of extensional rift basins through trend-structure extrapolation, as provided in an embodiment of this invention. The system 13 for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of extensional rift basins through trend-structure extrapolation includes: an acquisition module 1301, a modeling module 1302, a conversion module 1303, a restoration module 1304, and a mapping module 1305. Wherein: The acquisition module 1301 is used to acquire two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, drilling data, well logging data, well logging data, and regional geological data of the extensional rift basin to be detected. Modeling module 1302, based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, and on the basis of strata calibration by synthetic seismic records, combined with seismic reflection characteristics and drilling data, performs stratigraphic interpretation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data in the study area by strata tracing of seismic phase axes, and establishes a three-dimensional geological model of the extensional rift basin. The conversion module 1303 converts time-seismic data, combined with time-depth curves fitted from sonic transit time and well logging data, into a depth domain. Based on the interpretation results, it establishes typical structural patterns and selects typical profiles.

[0038] Recovery module 1304, based on the interpreted fault information and geological information of the extensional rift basin, restores the eroded syn-sedimentary faults / boundary faults and strata; Mapping module 1305 reconstructs the tectonic evolution history of extensional rift basins and uses balanced profile technology to reconstruct tectonic evolution maps.

[0039] The tectonic evolution method and apparatus for reconstructing eroded strata in extensional rift basins via trend-structure extrapolation provided in this embodiment of the invention can execute the method provided in the above embodiment. Its principle and technology are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes a memory 1401, a processor 1402, and a computer program stored in the memory 1401. When the processor 1402 executes the program, it implements any of the methods described above. The memory 1401 and the processor 1402 are connected via a bus 1403.

[0041] In the specific implementation of the embodiments, a processor 1402 is required to execute the computer program stored in the memory 1401 in order to implement the above method.

[0042] The specific implementation process of the processor 1402 provided in this embodiment of the invention can be referred to the above method. Its principle and technology are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0043] Specifically, in elaborating on the details of the above embodiments, we first focus on the diversity of processors. The processors described in this embodiment are diverse and their forms are not limited to a single type. As a core component of a computing device, a processor may include: a Central Processing Unit (CPU), responsible for executing computer program instructions and serving as the main computing and control core of the system; a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), optimized for efficient processing of real-time digital signals (such as audio, video, or communication signals); an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit customized for specific application scenarios, possessing hardware-level advantages of high performance and low power consumption; and a general-purpose processor, such as a microprocessor integrating an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a control unit, or other processors following a general-purpose computing architecture.

[0044] Secondly, the implementation mechanism of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this invention has significant flexibility. The core lies in the fact that the method steps can be implemented through two complementary technical paths: Pure hardware execution path: Directly relying on the processor's underlying computing resources (such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), dedicated instruction sets, etc.) to complete instruction processing. This mode fully utilizes the physical characteristics of hardware circuits, possessing advantages such as high instruction-level parallelism and strong latency determinism, making it suitable for computational tasks with stringent real-time requirements. Hardware-software co-processing path: Functionality is achieved through the dynamic interaction between finely divided hardware acceleration modules (such as coprocessors, hardware accelerators) and programmable software modules (such as firmware, drivers) within the processor. The hardware layer provides high-throughput computing capabilities, while the software layer is responsible for task scheduling, exception handling, and algorithm strategy adjustment, forming a layered architecture of "hardware-intensive computation + software-implemented control logic." This fusion mechanism, while ensuring execution efficiency, significantly enhances the system's intelligence (such as supporting adaptive algorithms) and configurability (such as dynamically loading processing strategies through software updates), making it particularly suitable for complex application scenarios requiring frequent iterative optimization.

[0045] At the storage architecture design level, this embodiment demonstrates a multi-layered memory configuration strategy. For real-time computing needs, the system integrates high-speed volatile memory (such as SRAM or DRAM), whose nanosecond-level access latency and high throughput provide near-data computation support for the processor, making it particularly suitable for frequently accessed runtime data caching. Simultaneously, to ensure long-term data persistence and system state persistence, the solution expands the deployment of non-volatile storage media: including not only traditional hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs), but also compatible with emerging storage-class memory (SCMs) such as 3D XPoint; these media achieve power-off data retention through charge trapping or phase-change physical mechanisms, significantly improving read / write endurance (such as the DWPD index of SSDs) and error correction capabilities while retaining the advantages of disk storage capacity. This dynamically layered storage architecture, combined with the collaborative management of the cache layer and persistent storage layer, achieves Pareto optimization of access efficiency and storage cost while meeting the core requirements of data security and persistence.

[0046] Finally, at the system interconnect architecture level, the bus, as the core channel for data transmission between processors, memory, and peripherals, directly determines the system performance boundaries through its topology and protocol standards. This embodiment is compatible with multiple generations of bus technologies: in addition to classic parallel buses (such as ISA and EISA), it also covers modern high-speed serial buses—such as PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) using a layered protocol, supporting channel aggregation (x1 / x4 / x16) and differential signal transmission; and dedicated interconnects for heterogeneous computing (such as NVIDIA NVLink or AMD Infinity Fabric), achieving ultra-low latency communication through a point-to-point architecture. Functionally, the bus can be deconstructed into a three-order logical path: address bus (specifying physical / virtual memory location), data bus (carrying instructions and operands, the bit width determines the upper limit of single-cycle transmission), and control bus (coordinating timing and status, including clock synchronization, interrupt requests, and DMA handshake signals). It is worth noting that the bus shown in the attached diagram is only an abstract representation. In actual deployment, a hybrid bus architecture can be adopted: for example, the front-side bus (FSB) connects the CPU and the northbridge, while the PCIe bus connects accelerators such as GPUs, and embedded buses such as I²C / SPI manage peripheral sensors. This modular design reduces signal interference through physical isolation and improves concurrent throughput by combining it with a switched topology. While ensuring the simplicity of the diagram, it provides a scalable data path solution for the system.

[0047] The computer program storage media disclosed in this invention cover a multi-level storage system based on different physical principles. The media properties include volatile / non-volatile, permanent / non-permanent, etc., specifically including: 1. Semiconductor storage layer: (1) Volatile media: Static Random Access Memory (SRAM, based on trigger architecture, nanosecond-level access latency); Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM, relying on capacitor refresh mechanism, high density and low cost) (2) Non-volatile media: Mask Read-Only Memory (ROM, firmware burning); Erasable Flash Memory (NAND / NOR Flash, supports block erasure operation, including eMMC / UFS embedded solution). 2. Magnetic storage layer: Hard Disk Drive (HDD, including perpendicular magnetic recording / shingled magnetic recording technology, providing TB-level capacity). 3. Optical storage layer: Read-Only Optical Disc (CD-ROM / DVD-ROM, using pit light reflection encoding): (1) Writable Optical Disc (CD-R / DVD±R, based on organic dye layer phase change); (2) Erasable Optical Disc (CD-RW / DVD-RAM, using phase change alloy material). 4. Solid-state hybrid layer: (1) USB flash drive (using TLC / QLC NAND flash memory chips); (2) Solid-state drive (SSD, supporting NVMe protocol and 3D stacking architecture, with IOPS reaching millions); (3) Storage class memory (SCM, such as Intel Optane persistent memory, combining DRAM speed and NAND persistence).

[0048] The aforementioned media access data via standardized electrical interfaces (such as SATA / SAS / USB) or optical read heads, and their stored content can be parsed by any computing device configured with a von Neumann or Harvard architecture. Media selection dynamically adapts to application scenarios based on metrics such as access latency (ns~ms), endurance (P / E cycles), and bit error rate (BER), forming a complete storage ecosystem from nanosecond-level caching to decadal-level archiving.

Claims

1. A method for restoring the tectonic evolution of an extended rift basin by trend-structural extrapolation of eroded strata, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: Step one, collecting the geological, seismic and logging data of the extensional rift basin, including 2D seismic data and 3D seismic data of the extensional rift basin, and establishing a 3D geological model of the extensional rift basin; Step two, based on the 2D seismic data and 3D seismic data, on the basis of calibrating strata by synthetic seismograms, combining the seismic reflection characteristics and drilling data, and through seismic event stratum tracking, the horizon interpretation of the 2D seismic and 3D seismic of the research area is carried out; Step three, the unconformity interface and fault of the extensional rift basin are interpreted, a structural model is established, the strata corresponding to the unconformity interface of the extensional rift basin are divided, and the formation time, distribution and evolution thereof are determined; Step four, according to the interpretation result, a typical structural pattern is established, and a typical profile is selected; Step five, based on the interpreted fault information and the geological information of the extensional rift basin, the denuded synsedimentary fault and / or boundary fault and strata are restored; Step six, the extensional rift basin data are comprehensively analyzed, the denuded fault and strata are restored by trend-structure external technology, and the structural evolution history is restored by using the balanced profile technology.

2. The method for reconstructing the tectonic evolution of an extensional rift basin from denudation strata by trend-structure extrapolation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological, seismic and logging data of the extensional rift basin collected in step one also include drilling data, logging data, well logging data and regional geological data of the extensional rift basin, after being collected, the 3D geological model of the extensional rift basin is established by using Geoeast software.

3. The method of restoring the tectonic evolution of the denuded strata of an extensional rift basin by trend-structure extrapolation according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step two is specifically: based on the 2D seismic data and 3D seismic data, on the basis of calibrating strata by synthetic seismograms, combining the seismic reflection characteristics and drilling data, using the standardized acoustic and density curves without abnormal values, combining the actual seismic wavelet, fitting the Ricker wavelet, generating the synthetic record, comparing with the well trace seismic wave, analyzing the coupling of the horizon interface seismic wavelet and the synthetic record wavelet, thereby calibrating the horizon, using the calibration result to track the seismic event stratum, and carrying out horizon interpretation of the 2D and 3D seismic of the research area.

4. The method of restoring the tectonic evolution of the denuded strata of an extensional rift basin by trend-structure extrapolation according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step four is specifically: time seismic data are combined with acoustic time difference and logging data to fit the time-depth curve and convert into depth domain, according to the interpretation result, a typical structural pattern is established, and a typical profile is selected; a profile with complete strata preservation, complete sequence interface, obvious sedimentary center and clear structural characteristics in the depression is selected as a typical profile; based on the structural interpretation result of the extensional rift basin, the fault characteristics on the strata and the seismic reflection characteristics of the sedimentary strata are identified and analyzed, and the control effect of the synsedimentary fault on the sedimentary strata distribution is analyzed.

5. The method of restoring tectonic evolution of the denuded strata by trend-structure extrapolation of the stretched rift basin according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step five is: based on the interpreted fault information and the geological information of the extensional rift basin, the type of the interpreted fault is determined, that is, the boundary fault, the main controlling fault and the secondary fault are distinguished. Firstly, the boundary fault that is eroded is restored according to the residual boundary fault. Secondly, the length of the restored fault is determined according to the eroded thickness, and the direction of the restored fault is determined according to the residual fault dip. Finally, the structural style of the restored fault is analyzed. Combined with the control of the fault on the stratum in different structural styles and the residual stratum shape, the recovery rule of the eroded stratum is established. Considering the control of the contemporaneous fault on the sedimentary stratum and the residual stratum shape, the thickness of the stratum in the sedimentary center is greater than that in the sedimentary edge when the eroded stratum is restored, and the stratum depth is consistent before the stratum is eroded.

6. The method of restoring tectonic evolution of the denuded strata by trend-structure extrapolation of the stretched rift basin according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step six is: based on the analysis of the structural geometry, kinematics and dynamics, combined with the stratum thickness in different periods, the restored fault and the eroded amount, the eroded stratum thickness is calculated based on the preserved sedimentary stratum thickness of the extensional rift basin, the restored contemporaneous fault and / or boundary fault, the eroded stratum in the eroded area is restored, and the multi-stage tectonic evolution history of the extensional rift basin is reconstructed by using the balanced section technology.

7. A device for use in the method of restoring the tectonic evolution of an extensional rift basin of claim 5 using trend-structural extrapolation of eroded strata, characterized in that It comprises: an acquisition module, a modeling module, a recovery module, a conversion module and a mapping module; the acquisition module is used to acquire the two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data, drilling data and regional geological data of the extensional rift basin; the modeling module is used to identify the unconformity interface and the fault according to the two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic data and the regional geological data of the extensional rift basin, divide the stratum corresponding to the unconformity interface of the extensional rift basin, continuously track the stratum, continuously interpret the fault, ensure the closure of the stratum and the fault, and establish a continuous structural model of the extensional rift basin; the recovery module is used to restore the eroded contemporaneous fault and / or boundary fault and the eroded stratum of the extensional rift basin; the conversion module is used for time-depth conversion of the time domain seismic data, the interpreted stratum data and the fault data of the extensional rift basin, and converts the time domain data into depth domain data; the mapping module is used to restore the tectonic evolution history of the extensional rift basin, and restore the tectonic evolution history map by using the balanced section technology.

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