Hot turbulent flow test facility

Abstract

The application provides a thermal turbulence experiment device, which comprises an experiment device and a driving device. The experiment device comprises an experiment body, a cold source and a heat source. The experiment body comprises a ring-shaped main body part and at least two side parts. The at least two side parts are arranged at the side of the ring-shaped main body part and are uniformly and spacedly arranged along the circumferential direction of the ring-shaped main body part. The side parts are provided with fan-shaped convection cavities containing working medium. The side parts comprise a heat-conducting inner plate and a heat-conducting outer plate which are oppositely arranged along the radial direction of the ring-shaped main body part. The cold source is connected to the heat-conducting inner plate and is used for cooling the heat-conducting inner plate. The heat source is connected to the heat-conducting outer plate and is used for heating the heat-conducting outer plate. The driving device is connected to the experiment device and is used for driving the experiment device to rotate around the central axis of the ring-shaped main body part, so that a higher Rayleigh number can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermal convection research, and more particularly to an experimental apparatus for thermal turbulence. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal turbulence, especially the terminal state characteristics of turbulence at high Rayleigh numbers, is a cutting-edge fundamental research topic in fluid mechanics and heat transfer. To achieve high Rayleigh numbers in terrestrial laboratories, researchers have developed hypergravity thermal turbulence experimental devices. These devices utilize the powerful centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation to replace gravity, significantly enhancing the equivalent buoyancy driving thermal convection. They are crucial experimental devices for exploring the terminal state of turbulence. However, some thermal turbulence experimental devices have low Rayleigh numbers, which greatly restricts the progress of experimental research. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a thermal turbulence experimental apparatus that can achieve higher Rayleigh numbers.

[0004] This application provides a thermal turbulence experimental apparatus, including: An experimental apparatus includes an experimental body, a cold source, and a heat source. The experimental body includes an annular main body and at least two side parts. The at least two side parts are located on the sides of the annular main body and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the annular main body. Each side part is provided with a fan-shaped convection cavity containing a working medium. Each side part includes a heat-conducting inner plate and a heat-conducting outer plate arranged radially opposite to each other along the annular main body. The cold source is connected to the inner heat-conducting plate for cooling the inner heat-conducting plate; the heat source is connected to the outer heat-conducting plate for heating the outer heat-conducting plate; and A driving device, connected to the experimental apparatus, is used to drive the experimental apparatus to rotate about the central axis of the annular main body.

[0005] Furthermore, the side portion also includes a light-transmitting edge plate, which is connected to the side wall of the inner heat-conducting plate and the side wall of the outer heat-conducting plate, and surrounds the inner heat-conducting plate and the outer heat-conducting plate to form the fan-shaped convection cavity.

[0006] Furthermore, the material of the light-transmitting edge panel is plexiglass.

[0007] Furthermore, the experimental body also includes a light-transmitting top plate and a light-transmitting bottom plate, the light-transmitting top plate and the light-transmitting bottom plate being respectively connected to opposite sides of the side portion along the axial direction of the annular main body portion; at least one of the light-transmitting top plate and the light-transmitting bottom plate is connected to the annular main body portion.

[0008] Furthermore, at least one of the light-transmitting top plate and the light-transmitting bottom plate includes an integrally formed first part and a second part, the first part being connected to the annular main body and the second part being connected to the side portion; The first part is semi-circular in shape; and / or the second part is fan-shaped.

[0009] Furthermore, the experimental apparatus also includes a rotating platform and a reinforcement assembly. The rotating platform is connected to the lower part of the experimental body and to the driving device; the reinforcement assembly is connected between the experimental body and the rotating platform.

[0010] Furthermore, the reinforcement assembly includes a reinforcement top plate and a plurality of support rods. The reinforcement top plate is connected to the experimental body, and the plurality of support rods extend in a vertical direction. One end of the plurality of support rods is connected to the reinforcement top plate, and the other end is connected to the rotating platform. The plurality of support rods are located between two adjacent sides of the at least two sides.

[0011] Furthermore, the central angle of each of the said fan-shaped convection cavities is 45°.

[0012] Furthermore, the driving device is used to drive the experimental device to rotate around the central axis of the annular main body at a set rotational speed; wherein the set rotational speed is not greater than the maximum rotational speed; the maximum rotational speed is 700 rpm to 800 rpm.

[0013] Furthermore, the number of the two sides is two, and the two sides are symmetrically arranged with the center point of the annular main body as the symmetry point; and / or Both the inner heat-conducting plate and the outer heat-conducting plate are made of copper; and / or Viewed from above, the side portion has a fan-shaped shape.

[0014] The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus of this application includes an experimental device and a driving device. The experimental device includes an experimental body, a cold source, and a heat source. The experimental body includes an annular main body and at least two side parts. The at least two side parts are located on the sides of the annular main body and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the annular main body. The side parts are provided with fan-shaped convection cavities containing the working medium. This arrangement reduces the weight of the experimental device and the driving load of the driving device while maintaining a single vortex structure, thereby increasing the maximum rotational speed that the experimental device can achieve, enabling the realization of a higher Rayleigh number, and eliminating the safety hazards caused by the large load weight.

[0015] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0017] Figure 1 The image shown is a partial perspective view of a thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 As shown Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the thermal turbulence experimental setup after the reinforcement components have been removed. Figure 3 As shown Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the thermal turbulence experimental apparatus after removing the reinforcement components and the light-transmitting top plate; Figure 4 As shown Figure 1 The diagram shown is a three-dimensional representation of the thermal turbulence experimental apparatus after the reinforcement components and the transparent base plate have been removed. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0019] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should be understood in their ordinary sense by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The use of words such as “a” or “one” in this specification and claims does not indicate a limitation of quantity, but rather indicates the presence of at least one. The use of words such as “comprising” or “including” means that the element or object preceding “comprising” or “including” encompasses the element or object listed following “comprising” or “including” and its equivalents, and does not exclude other elements or objects. The use of words such as “connected” or “linked” is not limited to physical or mechanical connections and can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this specification and appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0020] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the thermal turbulence experimental device of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the features of the following embodiments and implementation methods can be combined with each other.

[0021] Figure 1 The image shown is a partial perspective view of a thermal turbulence experimental device 10 according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the thermal turbulence experimental setup 10 after removing the reinforcing component 19. (See also...) Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this application provides a thermal turbulence experimental device 10, which includes an experimental apparatus 11 and a driving device (not shown in the figure).

[0022] The experimental apparatus 11 includes an experimental body 12, a cold source (not shown in the figure), and a heat source 13. The experimental body 12 includes an annular main body 14 and at least two side portions 15. The at least two side portions 15 are located on the sides of the annular main body 14 and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the annular main body 14. Each side portion 15 has a fan-shaped convection cavity 16 containing a working medium (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown). In one embodiment, the working medium can be liquid metal. The working medium can also be high-density liquid metal. High-density liquid metal includes, but is not limited to, gallium indium tin alloy. Side portion 15 includes a heat-conducting inner plate 17 (e.g., arranged radially opposite to the annular body portion 14) Figure 3 (as shown) and thermally conductive outer plate 18 (as shown) Figure 3 (As shown). The inner heat-conducting plate 17 can be attached to the outer surface of the annular main body 14. Both the inner heat-conducting plate 17 and the outer heat-conducting plate 18 can be arc-shaped, and they can be arranged concentrically. The inner heat-conducting plate 17 is positioned closer to the annular main body 14 than the outer heat-conducting plate 18. In this embodiment, both the inner heat-conducting plate 17 and the outer heat-conducting plate 18 are made of copper, which has high thermal conductivity.

[0023] A cold source is connected to the heat-conducting inner plate 17 for cooling the heat-conducting inner plate 17. The cold source can be located in the annular main body 14. The cold source can be a coolant pipe, which can be arranged on the side of the annular main body 14 near the heat-conducting inner plate 17. Coolant flowing through the coolant pipe can carry away the heat from the heat-conducting inner plate 17, thereby cooling the heat-conducting inner plate 17.

[0024] Heat source 13 is connected to the heat-conducting outer plate 18 and is used to heat the heat-conducting outer plate 18. Heat source 13 can be located on the outer surface of the heat-conducting outer plate 18. Heat source 13 can be a heating element, which can be attached to the outer surface of the heat-conducting outer plate 18. Cold source is used to cool the heat-conducting inner plate 17, and heat source 13 is used to heat the heat-conducting outer plate 18. This creates a temperature difference between the heat-conducting inner plate 17 and the heat-conducting outer plate 18, thereby achieving stable thermal convection. Thermal convection can cause the working medium in the fan-shaped convection cavity 16 to form a single vortex structure.

[0025] The drive device is connected to the experimental apparatus 11. The drive device can be connected to the bottom of the experimental apparatus 11 and is used to drive the experimental apparatus 11 to rotate around the central axis of the annular main body 14. The drive device can be a drive motor.

[0026] The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus 10 of this application includes an experimental device 11 and a driving device. The experimental device 11 includes an experimental body 12, a cold source, and a heat source 13. The experimental body 12 includes an annular main body 14 and at least two side parts 15. The at least two side parts 15 are located on the sides of the annular main body 14 and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the annular main body 14. The side parts 15 are provided with fan-shaped convection cavities 16 that contain the working medium. This arrangement can maintain a single vortex structure while reducing the weight of the experimental device 11 and reducing the driving burden of the driving device, thereby increasing the maximum rotational speed that the experimental device 11 can achieve, enabling the realization of a higher Rayleigh number, and eliminating the safety hazards caused by the large load weight.

[0027] The Rayleigh number is a dimensionless number that measures the magnitude of the buoyancy driving force. Its value is proportional to the equivalent gravitational acceleration, which in turn is proportional to the square of the rotational speed. This application reduces the weight of the experimental device 11, thereby increasing its maximum rotational speed. This increase in maximum rotational speed translates into an order of magnitude increase in the equivalent gravitational acceleration, thus enabling the achievement of a higher Rayleigh number. This broadens the range of Rayleigh numbers achievable in experiments and lays the foundation for studying the heat transfer laws and flow structure of thermal turbulence in liquid metals, especially in the terminal turbulence region.

[0028] In one embodiment, there are two side portions 15, which are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the annular main body 14. This symmetrical arrangement of the two side portions 15 ensures the dynamic balance of the experimental device 11 during high-speed rotation, eliminating or reducing inertial forces and vibrations caused by uneven mass distribution, thereby guaranteeing the stable operation of the thermal turbulence experimental equipment 10. Simultaneously, having only two side portions 15 significantly reduces the weight of the experimental device 11, substantially lightens the load on the drive unit, further increases the maximum rotational speed achievable by the experimental device 11 at the same power, and also reduces the risk of structural failure due to excessive inertia during high-speed rotation.

[0029] In one embodiment, the driving device drives the experimental apparatus 11 to rotate around the central axis of the annular main body 14 at a set rotational speed. The set rotational speed is no greater than the maximum rotational speed, which is 700 rpm to 800 rpm. The set rotational speed can gradually increase to the maximum rotational speed within a set time and maintain that speed. Two side sections 15 are symmetrically arranged about the center point of the annular main body 14, thus increasing the maximum rotational speed. For liquid metals with a working medium such as gallium indium tin alloy, the maximum rotational speed can reach 700 rpm to 800 rpm, resulting in a higher Rayleigh number.

[0030] In one embodiment, the central angle of each sector convection cavity 16 is 45°. Thus, compared to the annular convection cavity in the related art, the central angle of each sector convection cavity 16 is 45°, making the volume of the sector convection cavity 16 only one-eighth of that of the annular convection cavity. When the working medium is a high-density liquid metal, such as a gallium indium tin alloy with a density approximately 6.34 times that of water, the weight of the liquid metal within each sector convection cavity 16 is reduced to one-eighth of that in the related art, thereby significantly reducing the weight of the experimental apparatus 11 while maintaining a single vortex structure.

[0031] In one embodiment, the experimental apparatus 11 further includes a rotating platform (not shown) and a reinforcing component 19. In this embodiment, the reinforcing component 19 can be made of aluminum, which is lightweight and ensures that the experimental apparatus 11 can achieve a high maximum rotational speed. The rotating platform is connected to the lower part of the experimental body 12 and to a driving device. The rotating platform can be connected to the lower part of the annular main body 14 and at least two side parts 15. The rotating platform can be connected to the lower part of the experimental body 12 by screws. The driving device drives the rotating platform to rotate, thereby driving the experimental apparatus 11 to rotate about the central axis of the annular main body 14. The reinforcing component 19 is connected between the experimental body 12 and the rotating platform. The reinforcing component 19 connects the experimental body 12 and the rotating platform, thereby reducing the risk of structural failure during high-speed rotation and improving reliability.

[0032] In one embodiment, the reinforcement component 19 includes a reinforcement top plate 20 and a plurality of support rods 21. The reinforcement top plate 20 is connected to the experimental body 12 and can be connected to the upper surface of the experimental body 12, specifically to the upper surfaces of the annular main body 14 and at least two side portions 15. The connection can be made using screws. The plurality of support rods 21 extend vertically. The plurality of support rods 21 can be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the reinforcement top plate 20. Thus, the plurality of support rods 21 can provide support. The support rods 21 can be cylindrical in shape. One end of the plurality of support rods 21 is connected to the reinforcement top plate 20, and the other end is connected to the rotating platform. One end of the plurality of support rods 21 can be connected to the reinforcement top plate 20 by screws, and the other end can be connected to the rotating platform by screws. The plurality of support rods 21 are located between two adjacent side portions 15. At least one support rod 21 can be provided between two adjacent side portions 15. In this embodiment, six support rods 21 are provided between two adjacent side portions 15. Thus, the reinforcing top plate 20 of the reinforcing assembly 19 can also connect the annular main body 14 and at least two side portions 15, thereby preventing at least two side portions 15 from separating during high-speed rotation.

[0033] Figure 3 As shown Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the thermal turbulence experimental apparatus 10 after removing the reinforcing component 19 and the transparent top plate 23. (See also...) Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in one embodiment, the side portion 15 is fan-shaped when viewed from above. This shape of the side portion 15 matches the shape of the fan-shaped convection cavity 16, further reducing its weight. Simultaneously, due to the extremely high thermal conductivity of liquid metal, the large surface area of ​​the annular convection cavity in related technologies leads to significant heat loss through the heat-conducting outer plate 18. This arrangement reduces the surface area of ​​the heat-conducting outer plate 18, thereby reducing heat loss. When the central angle of each fan-shaped convection cavity 16 is 45°, the arc length of the heat-conducting outer plate 18 is only one-eighth of that in related technologies, correspondingly significantly reducing the surface area of ​​the heat-conducting outer plate 18. Therefore, there is no need to compensate for the heat loss caused by the large surface area of ​​the heat-conducting outer plate 18, reducing the performance of the heat source 13 and the power requirements of the DC power supply, thus saving energy and reducing costs.

[0034] In one embodiment, the side portion 15 further includes a light-transmitting edge plate 22. In this embodiment, the light-transmitting edge plate 22 is made of plexiglass, which has high light transmittance and low thermal conductivity, preventing heat transfer through the light-transmitting edge plate 22. The light-transmitting edge plate 22 is connected to the side wall of the inner heat-conducting plate 17 and the side wall of the outer heat-conducting plate 18, and surrounds the inner heat-conducting plate 17 and the outer heat-conducting plate 18 to form a fan-shaped convection cavity 16. In this embodiment, there are two light-transmitting edge plates 22, which are respectively connected to opposite sides of the inner heat-conducting plate 17 and the outer heat-conducting plate 18. Thus, based on the at least two side portions 15 being evenly spaced along the circumference of the annular main body portion 14, the light-transmitting edge plate 22 can serve as a transparent optical window, thereby allowing for flexible arrangement of the optical path, enabling optical measurements from different directions, illuminating the entire convection cross-section plane, and capturing particle images within the entire plane. This invention overcomes the limitations of optical measurements using annular convection cavities in related technologies, enabling two-dimensional and even three-dimensional full-field, visualized optical measurements of the flow field cross-section within a 16-sector-shaped convection cavity. Methods such as PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and LIF (Laser-Induced Fluorescence) can be used to measure particles within the working medium. This allows for the acquisition of richer and more accurate information on the flow field and vortex structure, significantly improving the experimental observation capabilities and data quality.

[0035] In one embodiment, the experimental body 12 further includes a light-transmitting top plate 23 and a light-transmitting bottom plate 24. In one embodiment, the light-transmitting top plate 23 and the light-transmitting bottom plate 24 can both be made of plexiglass. The light-transmitting top plate 23 and the light-transmitting bottom plate 24 are respectively connected to opposite sides of the side portion 15 along the axial direction of the annular main body portion 14. At least one of the light-transmitting top plate 23 and the light-transmitting bottom plate 24 is connected to the annular main body portion 14. In this embodiment, the light-transmitting top plate 23 is connected to the annular main body portion 14, thereby fixing the annular main body portion 14 to at least two side portions 15. At least one of the light-transmitting top plate 23 and the light-transmitting bottom plate 24 can be connected to the annular main body portion 14 by screws. Thus, the light-transmitting side plate 22, the heat-conducting inner plate 17, the heat-conducting outer plate 18, the light-transmitting top plate 23, and the light-transmitting bottom plate 24 can be enclosed to form a fan-shaped convection cavity 16, such that the side of the fan-shaped convection cavity 16 is closed by the light-transmitting side plate 22, the heat-conducting inner plate 17, and the heat-conducting outer plate 18, and the axial direction of the fan-shaped convection cavity 16 is closed by the light-transmitting top plate 23 and the light-transmitting bottom plate 24.

[0036] In one embodiment, at least one of the light-transmitting top plate 23 and the light-transmitting bottom plate 24 includes an integrally formed first portion 25 and a second portion 26, the first portion 25 being connected to the annular main body 14 and the second portion 26 being connected to the side portion 15. In this embodiment, the light-transmitting top plate 23 includes an integrally formed first portion 25 and a second portion 26. The first portion 25 is semi-circular in shape, thus adapting to the shape of the annular main body 14.

[0037] In one embodiment, the second portion 26 is fan-shaped when viewed from above. This allows it to be adapted to the shape of the side portion 15.

[0038] In one embodiment, the experimental body 12 further includes a first sealing structure (not shown in the figure). A first groove 27 is recessed on the upper surface of the side portion 15, and the first groove 27 extends circumferentially along the side portion 15. The first sealing structure is disposed within the first groove 27 and presses against the light-transmitting top plate 23, thereby sealing the light-transmitting top plate 23 against the upper surface of the side portion 15 through the first sealing structure. This prevents leakage of the working medium during high-speed rotation.

[0039] Figure 4 As shown Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the thermal turbulence experimental apparatus 10 after removing the reinforcing component 19 and the transparent base plate 24. (See also...) Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment, the experimental body 12 further includes a second sealing structure (not shown in the figure). A second groove 28 is recessed on the lower surface of the inner heat-conducting plate 17 and the outer heat-conducting plate 18. The second sealing structure is disposed within the second groove 28 and presses against the light-transmitting base plate 24, thereby sealing the light-transmitting base plate 24 against the lower surface of the side portion 15 through the second sealing structure. This prevents leakage of the working medium during high-speed rotation.

[0040] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A thermal turbulence experimental apparatus, characterized in that, include: An experimental apparatus includes an experimental body, a cold source, and a heat source. The experimental body includes an annular main body and at least two side parts. The at least two side parts are located on the sides of the annular main body and are evenly spaced along the circumference of the annular main body. Each side part is provided with a fan-shaped convection cavity containing a working medium. Each side part includes a heat-conducting inner plate and a heat-conducting outer plate arranged radially opposite to each other along the annular main body. The cold source is connected to the inner heat-conducting plate and is used to cool the inner heat-conducting plate; the heat source is connected to the outer heat-conducting plate and is used to heat the outer heat-conducting plate. and A driving device, connected to the experimental apparatus, is used to drive the experimental apparatus to rotate about the central axis of the annular main body.

2. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side portion also includes a light-transmitting edge plate, which is connected to the side wall of the inner heat-conducting plate and the side wall of the outer heat-conducting plate, and surrounds the inner heat-conducting plate and the outer heat-conducting plate to form the fan-shaped convection cavity.

3. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The light-transmitting edge panel is made of plexiglass.

4. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental body also includes a light-transmitting top plate and a light-transmitting bottom plate, which are respectively connected to opposite sides of the side portion along the axial direction of the annular main body; at least one of the light-transmitting top plate and the light-transmitting bottom plate is connected to the annular main body.

5. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one of the light-transmitting top plate and the light-transmitting bottom plate includes an integrally formed first part and a second part, the first part being connected to the annular main body and the second part being connected to the side. The first part is semi-circular in shape; And / or the shape of the second part is fan-shaped.

6. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental apparatus further includes a rotating platform and a reinforcement assembly. The rotating platform is connected to the lower part of the experimental body and to the driving device; the reinforcement assembly is connected between the experimental body and the rotating platform.

7. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reinforcement assembly includes a reinforced top plate and a plurality of support rods. The reinforced top plate is connected to the experimental body. The plurality of support rods extend in a vertical direction. One end of the plurality of support rods is connected to the reinforced top plate, and the other end is connected to the rotating platform. The plurality of support rods are located between two adjacent sides of the at least two sides.

8. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central angle of each of the said sector-shaped convection cavities is 45°.

9. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving device is used to drive the experimental device to rotate around the central axis of the annular main body at a set rotation speed; wherein the set rotation speed is not greater than the maximum rotation speed; the maximum rotation speed is 700 rpm to 800 rpm.

10. The thermal turbulence experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the two side portions is two, and the two side portions are symmetrically arranged with the center point of the annular main body as the symmetry point; and / or Both the inner heat-conducting plate and the outer heat-conducting plate are made of copper; and / or Viewed from above, the side portion has a fan-shaped shape.

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