A method for screening ecological source sites in high-density urban areas by coupling multi-element and planning superposition

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning overlays. Belonging to the field of urban ecological planning, the method includes the following steps: screening of dual indicator species and construction of differentiated resistance surfaces; habitat suitability assessment and preliminary extraction of potential source areas; minimum cost path simulation under cost constraints; functional connectivity importance evaluation based on graph theory; three-factor coupled screening and source area classification; and verification and application feedback of overlay with statutory planning. This invention, a method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning overlays, comprehensively evaluates the ecological value of patches from three dimensions: internal patch attributes, external migration resistance, and their connecting role in the network. This significantly improves the scientific rigor and comprehensiveness of source area screening, directly identifying ecological source areas covered, omitted, or requiring improvement under planning, providing clear and operable technical support for planning revision, implementation, and daily ecological management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of urban ecological planning, and in particular to a method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological source areas are the spatial foundation for maintaining regional ecological security. Current source area selection methods mostly focus on habitat quality assessment (such as the InVEST model) or a single landscape pattern index, which is difficult to adapt to the ecological planning needs of high-density urban areas and has the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] First, the study suffers from a limited perspective, considering only the internal attributes of patches (such as area and vegetation cover) while neglecting the external resistance (cost constraints) faced by species migrating between different patches, as well as the connecting role (functional connectivity) of the patch in the entire ecological network. This makes it impossible to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the ecological value of patches. Second, the study is disconnected from planning, as the ecological source areas selected by academia often have spatial misalignment with the city's statutory plans (such as the central city green space network plan in the "Shanghai Ecological Space Special Plan (2021-2035)"). The research results lack a path for translating planning and management language, making it difficult to implement and apply. Finally, the study has poor adaptability in high-density areas: traditional thresholding methods are unable to identify small but crucial "stepping stone" patches in densely built-up areas and fail to distinguish the different perceptions of resistance among different species (such as aerial movement of forest birds versus ground movement of mammals), resulting in insufficient sensitivity to the identification of micro-ecological nodes in high-density areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems mentioned in the background, this application provides a method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning.

[0005] This application provides a method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning overlays, employing the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning overlays includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Screening of dual indicator species and construction of differential resistance surfaces:

[0008] Based on field surveys and literature reviews, the core indicator species for the study area were identified as urban forest birds and small mammals.

[0009] To address the differences in migration behavior between the two species, specific ecological resistance surfaces were constructed for each species.

[0010] S2: Habitat suitability assessment and preliminary extraction of potential source areas:

[0011] Multiple ecological factors were selected to construct a habitat suitability evaluation model. Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) was used to identify habitat patches in the core area of ​​the study area. Combined with species-specific minimum area thresholds, potential ecological sources in the study area were preliminarily extracted.

[0012] S3: Minimum cost path simulation under cost constraints:

[0013] Using potential ecological source areas extracted by S2 as nodes, and based on the dual-species integrated resistance surface constructed by S1, the minimum cost paths for urban forest birds and small mammals to migrate between patches are simulated respectively.

[0014] Statistical analysis of the patches traversed by the paths reveals key transit patches that are small in size but are traversed by multiple paths.

[0015] S4: Evaluation of the importance of functional connectivity based on graph theory:

[0016] Calculate the potential connectivity index (PC) and patch importance index (dPC) for each potential ecological source area.

[0017] Based on the dPC values, the top 30% of patches that contribute to maintaining the overall ecological network connectivity of the study area were selected as candidate patches with important functional connectivity.

[0018] S5: Three-factor coupling screening and source area classification:

[0019] Spatial overlay analysis was performed on the high habitat suitability patches identified by S2, the key transit patches identified by S3, and the functional connectivity important patches screened by S4.

[0020] Based on the overlap and matching of the three elements, the ecological source areas of the study area are divided into primary source areas, secondary source areas and tertiary source areas;

[0021] S6: Overlap verification and application feedback with statutory planning:

[0022] The hierarchical ecological source area system selected by S5 will be spatially superimposed with the city's statutory ecological space special plan;

[0023] Based on the overlay results, ecological source areas are divided into different management types, and corresponding control strategies are formulated, ultimately outputting an "ecological source area optimization list" for planning and management practices.

[0024] Preferably, in S1, the core indicator species are: urban forest birds including light-vented bulbul, blackbird, and spotted dove; small mammals including raccoon dog and leopard cat.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, constructing the exclusive ecological resistance surface specifically involves:

[0026] For urban forest birds, a resistance surface is constructed with vertical structural complexity, building height difference, and road noise as the main resistance factors.

[0027] For small mammals, the resistance surface is constructed using ground impermeability, road grade, density of walls and fences, and nighttime light index as the main resistance factors;

[0028] The weights of each factor were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and comprehensive resistance surfaces for urban forest birds and small mammals were generated respectively.

[0029] Preferably, in S2, the species-specific minimum area threshold is: the habitat patch area corresponding to urban forest birds is ≥1 hectare, and the habitat patch area corresponding to small mammals is ≥0.5 hectares.

[0030] Preferably, in step S3, the Linkage Mapper tool is used to run a minimum cost path model to simulate the migration path of species between patches.

[0031] Preferably, in step S4, the Possible Connectivity Index (PC) and the Patch Importance Index (dPC) are calculated using Conefor software.

[0032] Preferably, in S5, the source location classification specifically refers to:

[0033] Primary source areas: simultaneously satisfying three major elements: high habitat suitability, high accessibility under cost constraints, and high functional connectivity;

[0034] Secondary source areas: meet the requirements for high habitat suitability, but can only support the migration of a single species in terms of cost constraints or functional connectivity;

[0035] Level 3 source areas: habitat suitability is generally average, but they possess special ecological potential in terms of accessibility or functional connectivity under cost constraints.

[0036] Preferably, in S6:

[0037] The statutory plan in question is the "Shanghai Ecological Space Special Plan (2021-2035)" and its supporting central city green space network plan;

[0038] The management types include: source areas that are covered by the plan, high-value source areas that are not covered by the plan, and source areas that are covered by the plan but have actually degraded;

[0039] The corresponding control strategies include: direct utilization of control, suggestions for addition to the map, and suggestions for ecological restoration.

[0040] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0041] It achieves dynamic and comprehensive assessment of ecological value: breaking through the limitations of traditional methods that rely solely on the single dimension of habitat suitability, by coupling three major elements of "habitat suitability assessment - cost constraint analysis - functional connectivity calculation", it comprehensively assesses the ecological value of patches from three dimensions: internal patch attributes, external migration resistance and their connecting role in the network, significantly improving the scientificity and comprehensiveness of source site selection;

[0042] A complete path from technical screening to planning implementation has been constructed: It creatively introduces an overlay verification step with statutory plans (such as the "Shanghai Ecological Space Special Plan"). By spatially comparing the technical screening results with the planning maps, ecological source areas that are covered, omitted, or need improvement in the planning can be directly identified, and an "ecological source area optimization list" containing "spatial location, hierarchical type, and control requirements" can be generated. This provides clear and operable technical support for the revision, implementation, and daily ecological management of the plan, effectively solving the problem of the disconnect between academic research and planning management.

[0043] Significantly enhances the ability to identify micro-ecological nodes in high-density built-up areas: In response to the characteristics of habitat fragmentation in urban high-density areas, the method can accurately identify "stepping stone" patches (such as key transit patches with an area of ​​less than 5 hectares) that are small in size but occupy key positions in the ecological network and play important connecting functions through minimum cost path simulation and graph theory analysis. These micro-nodes, which are ignored by traditional thresholding methods, have irreplaceable ecological potential for maintaining species migration and gene exchange in high-density areas.

[0044] Empirical verification has shown that the ecological benefits are significantly improved: the application in the central urban area of ​​Shanghai as an example shows that the frequency of occurrence of urban forest birds and small mammals in the primary ecological source areas screened by this method is 31.2% higher than that of the patches screened by the traditional NDVI threshold method. This strongly proves the practical value of this method in improving the accuracy of urban biodiversity conservation and provides a replicable technical solution for the optimization of the ecological network in the high-density built-up areas of megacities. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the differential resistance surface of urban forest birds and small mammals in the central urban area of ​​Shanghai, which is a method for screening ecological source areas in urban high-density areas that couples multiple factors and planning in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 3This application embodiment presents a minimum cost path simulation and key transit patch identification map for a method of screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning.

[0048] Figure 4 This is an analysis diagram of the source site screening results and green space network planning overlay of a method for screening ecological source sites in urban high-density areas that couples multiple factors and planning in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] like Figures 1-4 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning overlays includes the following steps:

[0051] S1: Screening of dual indicator species and construction of differential resistance surfaces:

[0052] Based on field surveys and literature reviews, the core indicator species for the study area were identified as urban forest birds and small mammals.

[0053] To address the differences in migration behavior between the two species, specific ecological resistance surfaces were constructed for each species.

[0054] S2: Habitat suitability assessment and preliminary extraction of potential source areas:

[0055] Multiple ecological factors were selected to construct a habitat suitability evaluation model. Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) was used to identify habitat patches in the core area of ​​the study area. Combined with species-specific minimum area thresholds, potential ecological sources in the study area were preliminarily extracted.

[0056] S3: Minimum cost path simulation under cost constraints:

[0057] Using potential ecological source areas extracted by S2 as nodes, and based on the dual-species integrated resistance surface constructed by S1, the minimum cost paths for urban forest birds and small mammals to migrate between patches are simulated respectively.

[0058] Statistical analysis of the patches traversed by the paths reveals key transit patches that are small in size but are traversed by multiple paths.

[0059] S4: Evaluation of the importance of functional connectivity based on graph theory:

[0060] Calculate the potential connectivity index (PC) and patch importance index (dPC) for each potential ecological source area.

[0061] Based on the dPC values, the top 30% of patches that contribute to maintaining the overall ecological network connectivity of the study area were selected as candidate patches with important functional connectivity.

[0062] S5: Three-factor coupling screening and source area classification:

[0063] Spatial overlay analysis was performed on the high habitat suitability patches identified by S2, the key transit patches identified by S3, and the functional connectivity important patches screened by S4.

[0064] Based on the overlap and matching of the three elements, the ecological source areas of the study area are divided into primary source areas, secondary source areas and tertiary source areas;

[0065] S6: Overlap verification and application feedback with statutory planning:

[0066] The hierarchical ecological source area system selected by S5 will be spatially superimposed with the city's statutory ecological space special plan;

[0067] Based on the overlay results, ecological source areas are divided into different management types, and corresponding control strategies are formulated, ultimately outputting an "ecological source area optimization list" for planning and management practices.

[0068] In this embodiment, in S1, the core indicator species are: urban forest birds including light-vented bulbul, blackbird, and spotted dove; small mammals including raccoon dog and leopard cat.

[0069] Preferably, in S1, the construction of a dedicated ecological resistance surface specifically involves:

[0070] For urban forest birds, a resistance surface is constructed with vertical structural complexity, building height difference, and road noise as the main resistance factors.

[0071] For small mammals, the resistance surface is constructed using ground impermeability, road grade, density of walls and fences, and nighttime light index as the main resistance factors;

[0072] The weights of each factor were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and comprehensive resistance surfaces for urban forest birds and small mammals were generated respectively.

[0073] Preferably, in S2, the species-specific minimum area threshold is: the habitat patch area corresponding to urban forest birds is ≥1 hectare, and the habitat patch area corresponding to small mammals is ≥0.5 hectares.

[0074] Preferably, in S3, the Linkage Mapper tool is used to run the minimum cost path model to simulate the migration path of species between patches.

[0075] Preferably, in S4, the Possible Connectivity Index (PC) and the Patch Importance Index (dPC) are calculated using Conefor software.

[0076] Preferably, in S5, the source location classification is specifically as follows:

[0077] Primary source areas: simultaneously satisfying three major elements: high habitat suitability, high accessibility under cost constraints, and high functional connectivity;

[0078] Secondary source areas: meet the requirements for high habitat suitability, but can only support the migration of a single species in terms of cost constraints or functional connectivity;

[0079] Level 3 source areas: habitat suitability is generally average, but they possess special ecological potential in terms of accessibility or functional connectivity under cost constraints.

[0080] Preferably, in S6:

[0081] The statutory plan is the "Shanghai Ecological Space Special Plan (2021-2035)" and its supporting central city green space network plan;

[0082] Management types include: source areas covered by planning, high-value source areas not covered by planning, and source areas covered by planning but actually degraded;

[0083] The corresponding management and control strategies include: direct utilization of management and control, suggestions for supplementing the map and rules, and suggestions for ecological restoration.

[0084] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and other division methods may exist in actual implementation. Modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components shown as modules may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the method in this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0085] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors with planning, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Screening of dual indicator species and construction of differential resistance surfaces: Based on field surveys and literature reviews, the core indicator species for the study area were identified as urban forest birds and small mammals. To address the differences in migration behavior between the two species, specific ecological resistance surfaces were constructed for each species. S2: Habitat suitability assessment and preliminary extraction of potential source areas: Multiple ecological factors were selected to construct a habitat suitability evaluation model. Morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) was used to identify habitat patches in the core area of ​​the study area. Combined with species-specific minimum area thresholds, potential ecological sources in the study area were preliminarily extracted. S3: Minimum cost path simulation under cost constraints: Using potential ecological source areas extracted by S2 as nodes, and based on the dual-species integrated resistance surface constructed by S1, the minimum cost paths for urban forest birds and small mammals to migrate between patches are simulated respectively. Statistical analysis of the patches traversed by the paths reveals key transit patches that are small in size but are traversed by multiple paths. S4: Evaluation of the importance of functional connectivity based on graph theory: Calculate the potential connectivity index (PC) and patch importance index (dPC) for each potential ecological source area. Based on the dPC values, the top 30% of patches that contribute to maintaining the overall ecological network connectivity of the study area were selected as candidate patches with important functional connectivity. S5: Three-factor coupling screening and source area classification: Spatial overlay analysis was performed on the high habitat suitability patches identified by S2, the key transit patches identified by S3, and the functional connectivity important patches screened by S4. Based on the overlap and matching of the three elements, the ecological source areas of the study area are divided into primary source areas, secondary source areas and tertiary source areas; S6: Overlap verification and application feedback with statutory planning: The hierarchical ecological source area system selected by S5 will be spatially superimposed with the city's statutory ecological space special plan; Based on the overlay results, ecological source areas are divided into different management types, and corresponding control strategies are formulated, ultimately outputting an "ecological source area optimization list" for planning and management practices.

2. The method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the core indicator species are: urban forest birds including light-vented bulbul, blackbird, and spotted dove; and small mammals including raccoon dog and leopard cat.

3. The method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the specific construction of the dedicated ecological resistance surface is as follows: For urban forest birds, a resistance surface is constructed with vertical structural complexity, building height difference, and road noise as the main resistance factors. For small mammals, the resistance surface is constructed using ground impermeability, road grade, density of walls and fences, and nighttime light index as the main resistance factors; The weights of each factor were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and comprehensive resistance surfaces for urban forest birds and small mammals were generated respectively.

4. The method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the species-specific minimum area threshold is: the habitat patch area corresponding to urban forest birds is ≥1 hectare, and the habitat patch area corresponding to small mammals is ≥0.5 hectares.

5. The method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the Linkage Mapper tool is used to run a minimum cost path model to simulate the migration paths of species between patches.

6. The method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the Possible Connectivity Index (PC) and the Patch Importance Index (dPC) are calculated using Conefor software.

7. The method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the source location classification specifically refers to: Primary source areas: simultaneously satisfying three major elements: high habitat suitability, high accessibility under cost constraints, and high functional connectivity; Secondary source areas: meet the requirements for high habitat suitability, but can only support the migration of a single species in terms of cost constraints or functional connectivity; Level 3 source areas: habitat suitability is generally average, but they possess special ecological potential in terms of accessibility or functional connectivity under cost constraints.

8. The method for screening ecological source areas in densely populated urban areas that couples multiple factors and planning as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In S6: The statutory plan in question is the "Shanghai Ecological Space Special Plan (2021-2035)" and its supporting central city green space network plan; The management types include: source areas that are covered by the plan, high-value source areas that are not covered by the plan, and source areas that are covered by the plan but have actually degraded; The corresponding control strategies include: direct utilization of control, suggestions for addition to the map, and suggestions for ecological restoration.

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