Dendrobium candidum wild-like cultivation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for semi-wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale, comprising the following steps: Step 1, seedling and substrate preparation: cutting sections of Pinus massoniana trunks, disinfecting and soaking them in pine needle extract, and then air-drying them for later use; selecting Dendrobium officinale seedlings, disinfecting and treating the roots with rooting agents for later use; Step 2, seedling planting and fixing: attaching the seedling roots to the bark surface of the trunk section, and covering the root attachment area with a moisturizing substrate; then fixing the seedling stems, leaves, and roots at corresponding positions on the upper and lower parts of the trunk section with fixing ropes; Step 3, movable hanging: hooks are pre-installed on the trunk section, and the trunk section is hung on a greenhouse, living tree branches, pergola, or wall embedded parts using the hooks; Step 4, cultivation period management: maintaining air humidity and trunk surface moisture through spraying, and regularly replenishing nutrients; Step 5, harvesting and trunk maintenance. This invention utilizes a section of Masson pine trunk as a movable epiphytic carrier, eliminating the need to rely on living trees or rock walls. By fixing the stems, leaves, and roots at the top and bottom respectively, it ensures plant stability, significantly improves cultivation flexibility and space utilization, and effectively enhances the survival rate and medicinal quality of Dendrobium officinale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Chinese medicinal herb cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for the simulated wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale based on movable pine logs. Background Technology

[0002] Dendrobium officinale is a perennial epiphytic herb belonging to the genus Dendrobium in the family Orchidaceae. It is a traditional Chinese medicine. Its main medicinal components include polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Wild Dendrobium officinale mostly grows on tree trunks or rock surfaces in deep forests and has a relatively weak natural reproductive capacity.

[0003] Currently, the main artificial cultivation methods for Dendrobium officinale include facility substrate cultivation and semi-wild cultivation. While semi-wild cultivation (such as tree-attached cultivation) is beneficial for improving the quality of medicinal materials, it suffers from problems such as strong dependence on forest resources, fixed cultivation location, difficulty in relocation, and inconvenient management. Existing technologies, such as Chinese patent application CN201710619725.2, disclose a method for semi-wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings. This method involves binding seedlings to bark-covered boards, suspending them in an acclimatization shed to establish roots, and then transplanting them to the wild. Although this method improves the survival rate, it still has the following shortcomings: 1) The fixing method uses hemp rope to bind moss and seedlings, achieving only simple fixation without considering the stability of the plant's center of gravity and the long-term adhesion of the root system during plant growth; 2) The cultivation carrier is a cut board, which has a thin structure and limited water retention and durability; 3) The final transplanting still relies on living trees or rock walls, failing to achieve truly mobile and independent cultivation, and limiting space utilization and management flexibility. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for semi-wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale, in order to solve the problems of existing Dendrobium officinale cultivation, such as reliance on living trees or rock walls, low space utilization, inconvenient management, and poor plant stability.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is a method for simulating wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Seedling and substrate preparation: Cut sections of Masson pine trunks, disinfect them and soak them in pine needle extract, then air dry them for later use; select Dendrobium officinale seedlings, disinfect their roots and treat them with rooting agent for later use. Step 2, Seedling Planting and Fixing: Attach the seedling roots to the bark surface of the trunk section and cover the root attachment area with a moisture-retaining substrate; then use fixing ropes to fix the seedling stems, leaves, and roots at corresponding positions on the upper and lower parts of the trunk section. Step 3, movable suspension: Hooks are pre-installed on the tree trunk section, and the tree trunk section is suspended to the greenhouse, live tree branches, pergola or wall embedded parts by means of the hooks; Step 4, Cultivation period management: Maintain air humidity and keep the surface of the trunk moist by spraying, and replenish nutrients regularly; Step 5: Harvesting and log maintenance.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) This invention uses the trunk segment of Masson pine as a movable epiphytic carrier, without relying on living trees or rock walls, and can be used for semi-wild cultivation in forest or greenhouse environments, significantly improving cultivation flexibility and space utilization; (2) By adopting a structure that fixes the plant stems, leaves and roots at corresponding positions on the upper and lower parts of the trunk segment, the roots are fully attached to the bark surface, achieving a high survival rate and plant uniformity, and the survival rate after planting can reach more than 95%; (3) The trunk segment is pretreated with pine needle extract, which improves antibacterial and anti-corrosion properties and extends the service life of the carrier; combined with moisturizing substrate and water and fertilizer management, it provides a "moist but not waterlogged, breathable but not dry" microenvironment for the roots of Dendrobium officinale; (4) This invention adopts a movable hanging system with pre-installed hooks, which can quickly adjust the position of the trunk segment according to seasonal or environmental changes, achieving shading, warmth preservation or light control, while not occupying the ground farmland, greatly improving space utilization.

[0007] Furthermore, the method of this invention, while ensuring a high survival rate, produced an unexpected improvement in the quality of the medicinal materials. Experimental data show that the content of polysaccharides, total alkaloids, and total flavonoids in Dendrobium officinale cultivated using the method of this invention (Example 2) was significantly better than that in Control Examples 3 and 4. Compared with facility substrate cultivation (Control Example 3), the relative increases were 48.6%, 100%, and 72.2%, respectively; compared with traditional live-tree-attached cultivation (Control Example 4), the relative increases were 14.1%, 24.5%, and 17.7%, respectively. As is well known, the main medicinal value of Dendrobium officinale is closely related to the content of its polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids. The improvement in quality directly translates into an increase in medicinal value. Existing technologies generally believe that although semi-wild cultivation helps improve quality, it often comes at the cost of sacrificing the survival rate. This invention achieves breakthroughs in both survival rate (96.1% in Example 2, significantly higher than 87.5% in Control Example 4) and medicinal material quality through the synergistic effect of pine needle extract pretreatment of Masson pine trunk segments, stable structure fixing stems, leaves and roots at the top and bottom respectively, and movable suspension system. The pretreatment inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms in the trunk segments, the double fixation at the top and bottom ensures that the roots are in close contact with the bark for a long time to fully absorb nutrients, and the suspension system provides a controllable microenvironment.

[0008] Furthermore, in step 1, the trunk segment is 8-15 years old, has a diameter at breast height of 15-25 cm, and a length of 30-50 cm. This ensures that the bark has a suitable thickness and longitudinal crack texture, providing a good epiphytic interface for the Dendrobium officinale root system. At the same time, the shorter length helps to reduce the weight of the individual tree, making it easier to hang, move, and manage in a three-dimensional cultivation system.

[0009] Further, in step 1, the pine needle extract is obtained by adding dried Masson pine needles to water at a mass ratio of 1:5 to 1:10, heating to 80-100℃ and maintaining this temperature for 30-60 minutes, cooling, and then filtering the resulting filtrate. The pine needle extract contains natural antibacterial components, which can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms on the surface of the tree trunk, delay wood decay, and significantly improve the decay resistance and service life of the tree trunk.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, the disinfection treatment involves immersing the tree trunk segments in a 0.05%–0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 30–60 minutes. This effectively kills pathogens, insect eggs, and harmful microorganisms attached to the surface of the tree trunk segments, reducing the risk of pests and diseases during cultivation from the source. It provides a clean epiphytic carrier for Dendrobium officinale seedlings and ensures healthy growth in the early stages of planting.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 2, the moisturizing substrate is sphagnum moss, coconut coir, or a combination thereof, with a moisture content controlled at 60%–70%. This provides good water retention and air permeability, creating a stable, moist microenvironment for the roots and promoting root attachment and growth.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 2, the spacing between the fixing ropes at corresponding positions on the upper and lower parts of the tree trunk is 15-20 cm. This ensures the stability of the plant's center of gravity, provides sufficient space for root growth, and prevents the plant from falling over or the roots from becoming loose, thus ensuring healthy plant growth.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 4, the air humidity is maintained at 70%–85% during cultivation to simulate the high humidity conditions of the wild habitat of Dendrobium officinale, which is conducive to leaf photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, and promotes plant growth and development and accumulation of effective components.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 5, cutting the Dendrobium officinale plant from the base and retaining 2-3 stem nodes during harvesting can effectively promote the germination of new buds, achieve continuous renewal and growth of the plant, improve cultivation efficiency, and extend the harvesting life of a single plant. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The following detailed description, through specific embodiments, further illustrates the implementation of the present invention: Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply.

[0016] Example 1 (Suspended cultivation on greenhouse supports) A method for simulating wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale includes the following steps: S1: Seedling and substrate preparation Healthy Masson pine trees, 10 years old and with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 18 cm, were selected, and 30 cm long trunk segments were cut. The trunk segments were free of pests and diseases, and the bark was intact. After removing surface impurities, the trunk segments were rinsed with clean water and dried. The trunk segments were then disinfected by soaking them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 45 minutes, and then soaked in pine needle extract for 4 hours.

[0017] The preparation method of pine needle extract is as follows: dried Masson pine needles are added to water at a mass ratio of 1:10, heated to 90℃ and maintained for 40 min, cooled and filtered. The treated tree trunk sections are then air-dried until there is no obvious moisture on the surface and the moisture content is about 50%, and then set aside for later use.

[0018] Dendrobium officinale seedlings cultivated in greenhouse substrate for one year were selected as seedlings. The seedlings were 8 cm tall and had a stem diameter of more than 0.3 cm, with 4-5 effective roots per plant. The roots of the seedlings were disinfected by soaking in a 0.1% carbendazim solution for 15 min, and then treated with a rooting agent by soaking in an 80 mg / L indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution for 60 min.

[0019] S2: Seedling transplanting and securing Around April each year, the roots of the seedlings are attached to the bark surface of the trunk section of the Masson pine tree, and the root attachment area is covered with a sterilized moisturizing substrate. The moisturizing substrate is made of sphagnum moss and coconut coir mixed in a volume ratio of 2.5:1, with a moisture content controlled at 65%.

[0020] Secure the seedling's stems, leaves, and roots with ropes at corresponding positions on the upper and lower parts of the trunk. Specifically: On the upper part of the trunk, 5 cm from the top, symmetrically set two fixing points and use the first rope to secure the stems and leaves; on the lower part of the trunk, 10 cm from the bottom, symmetrically set two fixing points and use the second rope to tightly secure the roots to the trunk. After securing the first and second ropes, the vertical distance between them should be 15 cm.

[0021] S3: Movable suspension A stainless steel hook is pre-installed at the center of the top of the pre-treated Masson pine trunk segment, with the hook embedded to a depth of 1 / 3 of the trunk segment length. Anti-corrosion wooden supports are erected inside the greenhouse, and the trunk segments are suspended at a row spacing of 1.0 m and a plant spacing of 0.8 m, with a suspension height of 1.8 m from the ground.

[0022] S4: Cultivation Period Management Water management is carried out using a micro-spraying system to maintain air humidity at 75%–85%, keeping the surface of the trunk moist but not waterlogged. Nutrient supplementation begins 30 days after planting, with a 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer sprayed once a month; and 5 g of well-rotted pine needle powder is added to the roots every two months.

[0023] S5: Harvesting and Trunk Maintenance Harvesting begins in the second year after planting, when the stems of Dendrobium officinale reach a length of over 20 cm and the nodes are robust. During harvesting, cut the plant from the base, retaining 2-3 nodes to promote new bud growth. Pine trunk segments, provided the structure is intact and the bark is well-attached, can be used continuously for 3-5 years.

[0024] In this embodiment, to verify the effect of different fixation methods on the growth of Dendrobium officinale, three groups were set up (Example 1 group, control group 1, and control group 2). The control group had the same cultivation conditions as the Example 1 group except for the fixation method, as detailed below:

[0025] The experimental results are as follows:

[0026] Experimental Conclusion: The data in the table above shows that, using Example 1 to fix the stems, leaves, and roots separately, the survival rate remained above 98% at 60 and 120 days after planting, significantly higher than Control Example 1 and Control Example 2. At 120 days, the average stem length of Example 1 reached 17.5 cm, and the number of newly sprouted roots reached 8.9, which were 32.6% and 45.9% higher than Control Example 1, and 62.0% and 107.0% higher than Control Example 2, respectively. Example 1 of this invention simultaneously fixes the stems, leaves, and roots, ensuring both the stability of the above-ground parts and close contact between the roots and the trunk, laying a solid foundation for healthy growth in the later stages.

[0027] Example 2 (Tree Hanging Cultivation) This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that in step S3, the trunk section is directly suspended from the branches of a living tree. Select robust lateral branches of a living tree with a diameter of 10–15 cm, and hang the pre-treated trunk section directly onto these branches at a height of approximately 1.5–2.0 m above the ground. The remaining cultivation and management steps are the same as in Embodiment 1, with water management relying on natural rainfall and artificial irrigation.

[0028] In this embodiment, to verify the advantages and disadvantages of the hanging cultivation of the present invention (tree hanging cultivation of Example 2 is selected as representative), traditional substrate cultivation (control group 3) and traditional live tree attached cultivation (control group 4), the following experiments were conducted:

[0029] The experimental results are as follows:

[0030] Experimental conclusions: (1) Survival rate: The 24-month survival rate of Example 2 was 96.1%, significantly higher than that of Control Groups 3 and 4; (2) Quality: The polysaccharide content, total alkaloid content, and total flavonoid content of Example 2 were significantly higher than those of Control Groups 3 and 4. While ensuring a high survival rate, Example 2 showed that the quality of the medicinal materials was significantly better than that of existing technologies, proving that its semi-wild cultivation effect was outstanding. It overcame the defects of low survival rate and inconvenient management of live tree-attached cultivation, and the survival rate was 8.6 percentage points higher than that of live tree-attached cultivation.

Claims

1. A Dendrobium candidum wild-imitating cultivation method, characterized in that Includes the following steps: Step 1, Seedling and substrate preparation: Cut sections of Masson pine trunks, disinfect them and soak them in pine needle extract, then air dry them for later use; select Dendrobium officinale seedlings, disinfect their roots and treat them with rooting agent for later use. Step 2, Seedling Planting and Fixing: Attach the seedling roots to the bark surface of the trunk section and cover the root attachment area with a moisture-retaining substrate; then use fixing ropes to fix the seedling stems, leaves, and roots at corresponding positions on the upper and lower parts of the trunk section. Step 3, movable suspension: Hooks are pre-installed on the tree trunk section, and the tree trunk section is suspended to the greenhouse, live tree branches, pergola or wall embedded parts by means of the hooks; Step 4: Cultivation period management; Maintain air humidity and keep the surface of the trunk moist by spraying, and replenish nutrients regularly; Step 5: Harvesting and timber maintenance.

2. The Dendrobium candidum semi-wild cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the tree trunk segment is 8 to 15 years old, has a diameter at breast height of 15 to 25 cm, and a length of 30 to 50 cm.

3. The Dendrobium candidum semi-wild cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the pine needle extract is obtained by adding dried pine needles of Masson to water at a mass ratio of 1:5 to 1:10, heating to 80 to 100°C and maintaining for 30 to 60 minutes, and then filtering the filtrate after cooling.

4. The Dendrobium candidum semi-wild cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the disinfection process involves immersing the tree trunk segment in a 0.05%–0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 30–60 minutes.

5. The Dendrobium candidum semi-wild cultivation method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: In step 2, the moisturizing substrate is sphagnum moss, coconut coir, or a combination thereof, with a moisture content controlled at 60% to 70%.

6. The Dendrobium candidum semi-wild cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the spacing between the fixing ropes at corresponding positions on the upper and lower parts of the tree trunk is 15 to 20 cm.

7. The method for semi-wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 4, the air humidity is maintained at 70%–85% during cultivation.

8. The method for semi-wild cultivation of Dendrobium officinale according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 5, the Dendrobium officinale plant is cut from the base and 2-3 stem nodes are retained during harvesting.

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