A dual-purpose penetrometer that can switch between static and dynamic pressure.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of in-situ testing technology for soil and rock, specifically disclosing a dual-purpose penetrometer capable of switching between static and dynamic testing. It includes a main frame, within which a movable main shaft is vertically mounted. A drop hammer is mounted on the main shaft, and a penetrometer probe is mounted at the bottom of the main shaft. The main frame also houses a lifting assembly, a pressing assembly, a first horizontal moving assembly, and a second horizontal moving assembly. The first horizontal moving assembly is connected to the lifting assembly, enabling horizontal movement of the lifting assembly and thus connecting or disconnecting the main shaft from the lifting assembly. The second horizontal moving assembly is connected to the pressing assembly, enabling horizontal movement of the pressing assembly and thus engaging or disengaging the main shaft from the pressing assembly. This invention utilizes the lifting assembly, pressing assembly, first horizontal moving assembly, and second horizontal moving assembly to form both a static and a dynamic penetrometer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of in-situ testing technology for soil and rock, specifically to a dual-purpose penetrometer that can switch between static and dynamic testing. Background Technology

[0002] The penetrometer is a core in-situ testing device for geotechnical engineering investigation. By inserting a standard probe into the soil layer, it directly measures the penetration resistance, quickly determines the soil layer's hardness, bearing capacity, and uniformity, and is highly efficient without the need for sampling.

[0003] Penetrometers include static penetrometers and dynamic penetrometers.

[0004] The working principle of a static cone penetrometer is: it relies on hydraulic pressure to penetrate the probe at a constant speed. The probe has a built-in sensor to detect resistance. It is suitable for soft soil and cohesive soil, but cannot penetrate hard soil or gravel layers.

[0005] The working principle of the dynamic cone penetrometer is: it relies on the impact of a falling hammer to penetrate the soil. The hammer falls freely and strikes the probe to penetrate the soil, recording the number of blows N at each penetration depth. It is suitable for hard layers, sandy layers, and gravelly soils, but its accuracy is lower than that of the static cone penetrometer.

[0006] When encountering alternating layers of soft and hard strata during actual exploration, it is necessary to carry both static and dynamic cone penetrometers and use them alternately. During use, multiple people are required to cooperate in carrying, disassembling, aligning, and debugging, resulting in long construction cycles, high labor costs, and significant safety hazards in field operations. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dual-purpose penetrometer that can switch between static and dynamic methods to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a dual-purpose penetrometer that can switch between static and dynamic force, including a main frame, a movable main shaft vertically installed inside the main frame, a drop hammer installed on the main shaft, and a penetrometer probe installed at the bottom of the main shaft; The main frame also houses a lifting assembly, a pressing assembly, a first horizontal movement assembly, and a second horizontal movement assembly. The first horizontal moving component is connected to the lifting component, which moves the lifting component horizontally, thereby connecting or disconnecting the spindle from the lifting component. The second horizontal moving component is connected to the pressing component, which causes the pressing component to move horizontally, thereby enabling the spindle to engage or disengage from the pressing component. When the lifting assembly is connected to the drop hammer, the spindle and drop hammer can be lifted relative to the main frame. When the output end of the pressing assembly is abutted against the top of the drop hammer, the spindle and drop hammer can be pressed down relative to the main frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes a first motor and a drive wheel, with the drive wheel mounted on the output shaft of the first motor; A rack is mounted on the side of the falling hammer, and the drive wheel meshes with the rack; The first horizontal moving component includes a first slide groove and a first control structure. The bottom of the first motor is slidably connected to the first slide groove, and the first control structure is used to control the first motor to slide within the first slide groove. A flange is installed on the top of the main frame, and the upper end of the main shaft passes through the flange. The inner diameter of the flange is the same as the outer diameter of the main shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, a first limiting plate is installed at each end of the first chute.

[0011] Preferably, there are two of each of the lifting component and the first horizontal moving component; The two lifting components are installed on the left and right sides of the main frame, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the pressing assembly includes a vertically placed hydraulic cylinder, and a pressure plate is installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder; Specifically, the output end of the pressure assembly abuts against the top of the drop hammer: the bottom of the pressure plate abuts against the top of the drop hammer. The second horizontal movement component includes a second slide groove and a second control structure. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is slidably connected to the second slide groove, and the second control structure is used to control the hydraulic cylinder to slide within the second slide groove.

[0013] Furthermore, second limiting plates are respectively installed at both ends of the second chute.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two of each of the pressing component and the second horizontal moving component; The two pressure-down components are installed on the front and rear sides of the main frame, respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes two or more outriggers; The upper end of the outrigger is hinged to the hinge support, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main frame. The lower end of the outrigger is fixedly installed with a foot fixing seat, and the foot fixing seat is equipped with anchor bolts.

[0016] Furthermore, a control panel and a display are installed on the outside of the main frame; The control panel is electrically connected to the lifting assembly, the pressing assembly, the first horizontal movement assembly, and the second horizontal movement assembly, respectively.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention uses a lifting assembly, a pressing assembly, a first horizontal moving assembly, and a second horizontal moving assembly to form a static cone penetrometer and a dynamic cone penetrometer. When the first horizontal moving assembly drives the lifting assembly to connect with the drop hammer, the second horizontal moving assembly is simultaneously controlled to detach from the drop hammer, forming a dynamic cone penetrometer. When the second horizontal moving assembly abuts against the top of the drop hammer, the first horizontal moving assembly is simultaneously controlled to detach from the drop hammer, forming a static cone penetrometer. The penetrometer probe at the bottom of the main shaft is the same probe used in conventional static cone penetrometers, and a sensor is installed inside the probe. The pressing assembly of this invention can press the drop hammer and the main shaft down at a uniform speed, thereby allowing the probe to penetrate soft soil or cohesive soil at a uniform speed to complete the detection. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the front view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the side view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a bottom perspective view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0023] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1-Main frame, 2-Main shaft, 3-Probe, 4-Flange, 5-Falling hammer, 6-First motor, 7-Drive wheel, 8-Rack, 9-First slide rail, 10-First limit plate, 11-Hydraulic cylinder, 12-Pressure plate, 13-Second slide rail, 14-Second limit plate, 15-Outrigger, 16-Hinged support, 17-Anchor mounting base, 18-Anchor bolt, 19-Display, 20-Control panel. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, so as to provide a better understanding of the concept of the present invention, the technical problem solved, the technical features constituting the technical solution, and the technical effects brought about.

[0025] like Figures 1-5As shown, a dual-purpose penetrometer capable of switching between static and dynamic operation includes a main frame 1. A movable main shaft 2 is vertically mounted inside the main frame 1, a drop hammer 5 is mounted on the main shaft 2, and a penetrometer probe 3 is mounted at the bottom of the main shaft 2. The main frame 1 also includes a lifting assembly, a pressing assembly, a first horizontal moving assembly, and a second horizontal moving assembly. The first horizontal moving assembly is connected to the lifting assembly, allowing the lifting assembly to move horizontally, thereby connecting or disconnecting the main shaft 2 from the lifting assembly. The second horizontal moving assembly is connected to the pressing assembly, allowing the pressing assembly to move horizontally, thereby engaging or disengaging the main shaft 2 from the pressing assembly. When the lifting assembly is connected to the drop hammer 5, the main shaft 2 and the drop hammer 5 can be lifted relative to the main frame 1. When the output end of the pressing assembly abuts against the top of the drop hammer 5, the main shaft 2 and the drop hammer 5 can be pressed down relative to the main frame 1.

[0026] The static and dynamic cone penetrometers of this invention can be quickly switched within the main frame 1. Firstly, the static cone penetrometer operates by using hydraulic pressure to uniformly penetrate the probe. A built-in sensor within the probe detects resistance. It is suitable for soft soil and cohesive soil, but cannot penetrate hard soil or gravel layers. In this invention, the penetrometer 3 at the bottom of the main shaft 2 is the same as the penetrometer 3 used in conventional static cone penetrometers, and a sensor is installed inside the penetrometer 3. The pressing assembly of this invention can uniformly press down the drop hammer 5 and the main shaft 2, thereby allowing the penetrometer 3 to uniformly penetrate soft or cohesive soil to complete the detection. The working principle of the dynamic penetrometer is as follows: It relies on the impact of the drop hammer 5 to penetrate the probe. The hammer falls freely, striking the probe and recording the number of blows at each penetration depth. The lifting component of this invention is used to lift the drop hammer 5. Then, the first horizontal moving component adjusts the horizontal position of the lifting component, allowing the drop hammer 5 to be lifted and then disconnected from its connection, allowing it to fall freely from a specified height. The number of blows at a specified depth (e.g., 10cm) is then recorded, thereby determining the hardness, bearing capacity, and uniformity of hard layers, sand layers, and gravelly soils. In existing technologies, dynamic penetrometers count by installing a counting sensor on the probe or probe rod, relying primarily on automatic counting with manual verification. The probe of this invention includes a built-in counting sensor, and the counting method of this invention also primarily relies on the counting sensor, supplemented by manual verification. This invention forms a static penetrometer and a dynamic penetrometer by controlling a lifting component, a pressing component, a first horizontal moving component, and a second horizontal moving component. When the first horizontal moving component drives the lifting component to connect to the drop hammer 5, the second horizontal moving component is simultaneously controlled to detach from the drop hammer 5 to form a dynamic penetrometer. When the second horizontal moving component abuts against the top of the drop hammer 5, the first horizontal moving component is simultaneously controlled to detach from the drop hammer 5 to form a static penetrometer.

[0027] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes a first motor 6 and a drive wheel 7, with the drive wheel 7 mounted on the output shaft of the first motor 6; A rack 8 is mounted on the side of the drop hammer 5, and the drive wheel 7 meshes with the rack 8. The first horizontal movement assembly includes a first slide groove 9 and a first control structure. The bottom of the first motor 6 is slidably connected to the first slide groove 9, and the first control structure is used to control the first motor 6 to slide within the first slide groove 9. A flange 4 is mounted on the top of the main frame 1, and the upper end of the main shaft 2 passes through the flange 4. The inner diameter of the flange 4 is the same as the outer diameter of the main shaft 2. The drive wheel 7 at the output end of the first motor 6 meshes with the rack 8 vertically arranged on the side of the drop hammer 5. The drive wheel 7 is a gear. After meshing with the rack 8, it can cause the rack 8 and the drop hammer 5 to rise or fall under the drive of the first motor 6. When the drop hammer 5 is raised to a specified height (the specified height is artificially determined and related to the actual situation), the first horizontal movement assembly is used to move the first motor 6 horizontally, thereby disengaging the drive wheel 7 from the rack 8 and completing the free fall of the drop hammer 5. In the first horizontal movement assembly, the first motor 6 is slidably connected to the first slide groove 9. The first control structure can be a variety of horizontal displacement structures, such as a lead screw driven by the motor, which passes through the bottom of the first motor 6 and cooperates with a guide rod in the same direction as the lead screw to pass through the bottom of the first motor 6 to complete the horizontal displacement of the first motor 6.

[0028] Furthermore, first limiting plates 10 are respectively installed at both ends of the first slide groove 9. The first limiting plates 10 restrict the displacement stroke of the first motor 6 to prevent it from sliding out of the first slide groove 9.

[0029] Preferably, there are two lifting components and two first horizontal moving components; the two lifting components are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the main frame 1. The two lifting components simultaneously lift the drop hammer 5 on the left and right sides, which can increase stability.

[0030] Furthermore, the pressing assembly includes a vertically placed hydraulic cylinder 11, with a pressure plate 12 mounted on the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11; specifically, the bottom of the pressure plate 12 abuts against the top of the drop hammer 5 at the output end of the pressing assembly; the second horizontal moving assembly includes a second slide groove 13 and a second control structure, with the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 11 slidably connected to the second slide groove 13, and the second control structure controlling the hydraulic cylinder 11 to slide within the second slide groove 13. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 11 faces upwards, meaning the pressure plate 12 is mounted on the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 11, and the bottom of the pressure plate 12 abuts against the top of the drop hammer 5, controlling the hydraulic cylinder 11 to move downwards at a uniform speed. The pressure plate 12 presses down on the drop hammer 5, causing the drop hammer 5 and the main shaft 2 to also descend at a uniform speed, thereby enabling the sensor inside the drop hammer 5 to detect resistance. The second control structure is the same as the first control structure.

[0031] Furthermore, second limiting plates 14 are respectively installed at both ends of the second slide groove 13. The second limiting plates 14 are used to limit the displacement stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 11 to prevent it from sliding out of the second slide groove 13.

[0032] Furthermore, there are two of each of the pressing components and the second horizontal moving component; the two pressing components are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the main frame 1. The two pressing components simultaneously press down on the drop hammer 5 on the front and rear sides, which can increase stability.

[0033] Furthermore, it also includes two or more support legs 15; the upper end of the support leg 15 is connected to the hinge support 16 in a hinged manner, the hinge support 16 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main frame 1, and the lower end of the support leg 15 is fixedly installed with a foot fixing seat 17, and the foot fixing seat 17 is installed with an anchor bolt 18.

[0034] Furthermore, a control panel 20 and a display 19 are mounted on the outside of the main frame 1; the control panel 20 is electrically connected to the lifting assembly, the pressing assembly, the first horizontal movement assembly, and the second horizontal movement assembly, respectively. The control panel 20 allows operators to control the internal lifting assembly, pressing assembly, first horizontal movement assembly, and second horizontal movement assembly from outside the main frame 1, thereby enabling rapid switching.

[0035] The terms "connection" and "fixing" appearing in the description of this invention can refer to fixed connection, processing and forming, welding, or mechanical connection. The specific meaning of the above terms in this invention should be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] In the description of this invention, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., are used only to indicate the orientation or positional relationship for the convenience of describing this invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply a specific orientation that the device or element referred to must have, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual purpose penetrometer switchable between static and dynamic modes, characterized in that: Includes a main frame (1), a movable main shaft (2) is vertically installed inside the main frame (1), a drop hammer (5) is fixedly installed on the main shaft (2), and a probe (3) is installed at the bottom of the main shaft (2). The main frame (1) also includes a lifting assembly, a pressing assembly, a first horizontal moving assembly, and a second horizontal moving assembly. The first horizontal moving component is connected to the lifting component, which moves the lifting component horizontally, thereby connecting the lifting component to or disconnecting it from the drop hammer (5). The second horizontal moving component is connected to the pressing component, which causes the pressing component to move horizontally, thereby causing the pressing component to abut against the drop hammer (5) or disengage from the drop hammer (5). When the lifting assembly is connected to the drop hammer (5), the spindle (2) and the drop hammer (5) can be lifted relative to the main frame (1). When the output end of the pressing assembly is abutted against the top of the drop hammer (5), the spindle (2) and the drop hammer (5) can be pressed down relative to the main frame (1).

2. The dual static and dynamic penetrometer of claim 1, wherein: The lifting assembly includes a first motor (6) and a drive wheel (7), with the drive wheel (7) mounted on the output shaft of the first motor (6); A rack (8) is mounted on the side of the drop hammer (5), and the drive wheel (7) meshes with the rack (8); The first horizontal moving component includes a first slide (9) and a first control structure. The bottom of the first motor (6) is slidably connected to the first slide (9). The first control structure is used to control the first motor (6) to slide in the first slide (9). A flange (4) is installed on the top of the main frame (1), and the upper end of the main shaft (2) passes through the flange (4). The inner diameter of the flange (4) is the same as the outer diameter of the main shaft (2).

3. The dual static-dynamic penetrometer of claim 2, wherein: The first limiting plate (10) is installed at both ends of the first chute (9).

4. The dual static and dynamic penetrometer of claim 1, wherein: There are two of each of the lifting components and the first horizontal movement components; The two lifting components are installed on the left and right sides of the main frame (1), respectively.

5. The dual static and dynamic penetrometer of claim 1, wherein: The pressing assembly includes a vertically placed hydraulic cylinder (11), and a pressure plate (12) is installed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (11). Specifically, the output end of the pressing component abuts against the top of the drop hammer (5) as follows: the bottom of the pressure plate (12) abuts against the top of the drop hammer (5); The second horizontal movement component includes a second slide (13) and a second control structure. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (11) is slidably connected to the second slide (13), and the second control structure is used to control the hydraulic cylinder (11) to slide within the second slide (13).

6. The dual static and dynamic penetrometer of claim 5, wherein: The second sliding groove (13) is equipped with a second limiting plate (14) at both ends.

7. The dual static and dynamic penetrometer of claim 1, wherein: There are two of each of the pressing component and the second horizontal moving component; The two pressure components are installed on the front and rear sides of the main frame (1), respectively.

8. The dual static and dynamic penetrometer of claim 1, wherein: It also includes two or more outriggers (15); The upper end of the outrigger (15) is connected to the hinge support (16) in a hinged manner. The hinge support (16) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main frame (1). The lower end of the outrigger (15) is fixedly installed with a foot fixing seat (17), and foot fixing seat (17) is installed with an anchor bolt (18).

9. The switchable static and dynamic penetrometer of claim 1, wherein: A control panel (20) and a display (19) are installed on the outside of the main frame (1). The control panel (20) is electrically connected to the lifting assembly, the pressing assembly, the first horizontal movement assembly and the second horizontal movement assembly, respectively.

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