Three-dimensional simulation system and method for multi-level cascading alarm of tunnel water inrush and mud inrush disasters

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering technology and provides a three-dimensional simulation system and method for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel water inrush and mud inrush disasters. The simulation system includes a multi-field information acquisition system that collects information on water level height, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face to obtain relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters; a water inrush hazard assessment processor is used to synchronously align and extract features from the relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters, and then uses a weighted fusion method to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index; the water level height, water pressure, and flow rate information in the tunnel are compared with corresponding thresholds to initially determine the water inrush hazard level, and then the water inrush hazard level is adaptively adjusted according to the comprehensive water inrush hazard index; a multi-level linkage alarm system is used to match linkage alarms according to the adjusted water inrush hazard level to meet the simulation requirements of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters under complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional simulation system and method for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush and mud inrush disasters. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Many tunnels are constructed in mountainous areas with extremely complex geological conditions. Due to the diversity of geological conditions, the causes and processes of disasters are extremely complex, making them highly susceptible to major disasters such as water inrush and mudslides during construction. These disasters seriously threaten the lives of construction workers and cause huge economic losses. Furthermore, as tunnel projects become increasingly large-scale and complex in design, in addition to common water inrush and mudslide disasters, there are also complex water inrush and mudslide disasters such as secondary or multiple instances. Simulation tests can effectively simulate the evolution process of water inrush and mudslides in tunnels.

[0004] Current patents for water and mud inrush simulation devices focus on simulating the water and mud inrush process in simple tunnel engineering projects, such as single tunnels. For example, they record and simulate the process by deploying cameras and stress sensors within the surrounding rock, or simulate fault displacement to mimic the water and mud inrush process as the tunnel passes through a fault. Existing technologies are not suitable for complex tunnel engineering projects involving multiple tunnels, where multiple water and mud inrushes occur at multiple points, and cannot systematically simulate the entire disaster evolution process and provide coordinated early warning. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems mentioned above, this invention provides a three-dimensional simulation system and method for multi-level linkage alarm of water inrush and mud inrush disasters in tunnels. It can simulate water inrush and mud inrush accidents in complex tunnels, extract water pressure information, water level information, and image information of water bodies at different locations within the tunnel, analyze the changing trends of water inrush and mud inrush, and issue alarms for the location and water body information of water inrush and mud inrush disasters, thereby meeting the simulation requirements for water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters under complex working conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mud inrush disasters.

[0007] A three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush and mud inrush disasters includes: a test chamber, a water pressure loading control device, a water inrush simulation device, a multi-field information acquisition system, a water inrush hazard assessment processor, and a multi-level linkage alarm system; The test chamber is paved with a pre-designed soil-rock similar material, and a tunnel excavation hole is reserved on the side wall of the chamber. A water supply pipeline is pre-embedded in a pre-designed position inside the chamber, which is connected to a water pressure loading control device and a water inrush simulation device. The water inrush simulation device is used to simulate tunnel water seepage under different working conditions; the water pressure loading control device is used to control the water pressure and flow rate in the water inrush simulation device. The multi-field information acquisition system is used to collect information on water level height, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face, thereby obtaining relevant information on the entire evolution process of water and mud inrush geological disasters. The water inrush hazard assessment processor is used to synchronously align and extract features of relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters, and then use a weighted fusion method to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index; based on the comparison of water level height, water pressure information and flow information in the tunnel with corresponding thresholds, the water inrush hazard level is initially determined, and then the water inrush hazard level is adaptively adjusted according to the comprehensive water inrush risk index; The multi-level linkage alarm system is used to match linkage alarms according to the adjusted water inrush hazard level.

[0008] As one implementation method, after completing one water inrush simulation test, the position of the water supply pipeline of the water inrush simulation device is adjusted to conduct secondary or multiple water inrush disaster simulations.

[0009] As one implementation method, in the water inrush hazard assessment processor, for the same water level in the tunnel, the corresponding water pressure information and flow rate information are subjected to sliding window filtering and outlier removal to obtain stable pressure-flow joint time series characteristics; based on the event-triggered dynamic time alignment mechanism, with the water inrush precursor event as the anchor point, high-precision alignment of multi-source data in key time periods is achieved.

[0010] In one implementation, the water inrush hazard assessment processor extracts visual feature parameters from the time-series images of the tunnel face, including the seepage area growth rate, mud diffusion rate, and crack propagation rate.

[0011] In one implementation, the comprehensive water inrush risk assessment processor is obtained by weighted summation of four components: liquid level height risk component, water pressure risk component, flow rate risk component, and visual risk component; the liquid level height risk component, water pressure risk component, flow rate risk component, and visual risk component are all dimensionless values.

[0012] In one implementation, in the water inrush risk assessment processor, the liquid level height risk component is the ratio of the liquid level height to a preset upper limit reference value; the water pressure risk component is the ratio of the water pressure to a preset upper limit reference value; and the flow rate risk component is the ratio of the flow rate to a preset upper limit reference value.

[0013] In one implementation, in the water inrush hazard assessment processor, the visual risk component is a weighted synthesis of visual feature parameters, and its calculation process is as follows: The seepage zone area growth rate, mud diffusion rate and crack propagation rate were mapped using the Sigmoid function, and the visual risk component was obtained by weighting and summing the mapping results with their corresponding weights.

[0014] As one implementation method, in the multi-level linkage alarm system, the corresponding thresholds for water level height, water pressure information and flow rate information are adjusted according to the equivalent permeability coefficient and the model geometric scale.

[0015] As one implementation method, the threshold values ​​for water level height, water pressure information, and flow rate information are respectively set as follows: , and : ; ; ; in, , , The original threshold values ​​for body fluid level height, water pressure information, and flow rate information are based on the reference material. It is the equivalent permeability coefficient; For the geometric scale of the model; This is a reference value for the equivalent permeability coefficient.

[0016] A second aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional simulation method for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mud inrush disasters.

[0017] A three-dimensional simulation method for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mud inrush disasters includes: A water inrush simulation device is used to simulate tunnel water seepage under different working conditions; a water pressure loading control device is used to control the water pressure and flow rate inside the water inrush simulation device. The system uses a multi-field information acquisition system to collect information on water level, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face, thereby obtaining relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters and transmitting it to the water inrush hazard assessment processor. The water inrush hazard assessment processor is used to synchronize and extract features of relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters. Then, a weighted fusion method is used to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index. The water inrush hazard level is initially determined by comparing the water level height, water pressure and flow information in the tunnel with the corresponding thresholds. The water inrush hazard level is then adaptively adjusted based on the comprehensive water inrush risk index. A multi-level linkage alarm system is used to match the linkage alarm according to the adjusted water inrush hazard level.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention utilizes a water inrush simulation device to simulate tunnel seepage under different working conditions. A water pressure loading control device controls the water pressure and flow rate within the simulation device, simulating the evolution process of water and mud inrush accidents within complex tunnels. This provides a solution for studying the evolution of complex or lengthy water and mud inrush geological hazards within tunnels. The device adjusts water pressure and flow rate according to different working conditions to simulate complex water and mud inrush geological hazards. A multi-field information acquisition system collects information on water level height, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face, obtaining relevant information on the entire evolution process of water and mud inrush geological hazards and transmitting it to a water inrush hazard assessment processor. The processor uses a weighted fusion method to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index, and then matches the adjusted water inrush hazard level with linked alarms. Based on the water body's arrival location and water pressure and flow rate information, the hazard level of water and mud inrush disasters can be determined, achieving multi-level linked alarms.

[0019] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mud inrush disasters according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water pressure loading control device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water inrush simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the multi-field information acquisition system and the multi-level linkage alarm system in the tunnel cross section direction according to an embodiment of the present invention. The components include: 1. Bench base plate, 2. Test chamber, 3. Casters, 4. Sealing baffle, 5. Excavation hole, 6. Tunnel, 7. Tunnel water inrush face, 8. Cross passage, 9. Water inrush simulation device, 10. Water pressure loading control device, 11. High-pressure nitrogen tank, 12. Flow meter, 13. Water supply pipeline, 14. Water storage tank, 15. Flow control valve, 16. Immersion sensor, 17. Water pressure sensor, 18. Sensor baffle, 19. Monitor, 20. Alarm, 21. Grading indicator light, 22. Water inrush hazard assessment processor, and 23. Multi-source data fusion processing module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0024] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0025] In this invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "side," and "bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only to facilitate the description of the structural relationships of the various components or elements of this invention and do not specifically refer to any component or element in this invention. They should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0026] In this invention, terms such as "fixed connection," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, indicating a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can determine the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances, and they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0027] according to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush and mud inrush disasters according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a test chamber, a water pressure loading control device, a water inrush simulation device, a multi-field information acquisition system, a water inrush hazard assessment processor, and a multi-level linkage alarm system; The test chamber is paved with a pre-designed soil-rock similar material, and a tunnel excavation hole is reserved on the side wall of the chamber. A water supply pipeline is pre-embedded in a pre-designed position inside the chamber, which is connected to a water pressure loading control device and a water inrush simulation device. The test chamber 2 is fixed above the test bench 1, and four casters 3 are fixed below the test bench. Two detachable sealing baffles 4 are fixed at the two excavation holes 5 on the side of the test chamber 2. Similar materials are laid inside the test chamber 2. The water inrush simulation device 9 is buried above the water inrush face, and two transverse channels 8 are buried between the two excavated tunnels 6 with a spacing of 50cm between the two transverse channels 8.

[0028] The simulation test bench includes pre-reserved excavation holes, sealing baffles, a double-tunnel structure with a cross passage, and can simulate water inrush in a single-tunnel, double-tunnel, single-time, multiple-time, single-location, and multi-point water inrush. The cross passage is pre-installed at a designated location, and automatically connects with the cross passage when the tunnel is excavated to the cross passage location.

[0029] Remove the detachable sealing baffle 4 on the side of the test chamber 2, and excavate the tunnel 6 through the reserved hole 5. The tunnel 6 is connected to the cross passage 8. Excavate to the water inrush face 7. In the tunnel 6, immersion sensor 16, water pressure sensor 17, sensor baffle 18, monitor 19, alarm 20, and grade indicator light 21 are buried at intervals of 10cm. The specific locations are shown in Figure 4.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the water inrush simulation device is used to simulate tunnel water seepage under different working conditions; the water pressure loading control device is used to control the water pressure and flow rate inside the water inrush simulation device.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the water pressure loading control device controls the water pressure and inflow of the simulated water inrush test water body through the high-pressure nitrogen tank and the water storage tank 14 to simulate tunnel water inrush disasters under different modification backgrounds; the water inrush simulation device can change the water inrush disaster flow rate, number of water inrushes and location of water inrush points through the flow control valve 15 and the water supply pipeline 13.

[0032] Based on the actual engineering background, the inrush parameters are set, and the flow rate and pressure of the simulated inrush test water body are controlled by the high-pressure nitrogen tank 11 and the flow control valve 15. The flow meter 12 adjusts the inrush parameters in real time.

[0033] The multi-field information acquisition system is used to collect information on water level height, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face, thereby obtaining relevant information on the entire evolution process of water and mud inrush geological disasters. The multi-field information acquisition system is equipped with multiple immersion sensors 16 at intervals along the vertical direction of the tunnel sidewall, and multiple rows of immersion sensors 16, water pressure sensors 17, and monitors 19 at intervals along the tunnel axis to acquire tunnel liquid level information, water pressure information, and time-series images of the tunnel face in real time.

[0034] During tunnel excavation, the water inrush simulation device is activated with a flow rate set to Q≤1L / d and a water pressure set to P≤7kPa to simulate tunnel seepage under normal conditions. When the tunnel is excavated to the point of approaching the water inrush simulation device, the flow rate is set to Q≥1L / d and the water pressure is set to P≥7kPa. Specific water inrush parameters are determined based on the actual engineering background to simulate tunnel water inrush disasters.

[0035] After completing one water inrush simulation test, the position of the water supply pipeline 13 of the water inrush simulation device is adjusted to conduct secondary or multiple water inrush disaster simulations.

[0036] The water pressure and flow rate information of the water body in the tunnel are collected by the multi-field information acquisition system through the water pressure sensor 17 and the flow meter 12. The tunnel excavation is monitored in real time by the monitor 19, i.e. the time sequence image of the tunnel face. The collected information is summarized in real time to the water inrush risk assessment processor 22.

[0037] The water inrush hazard assessment processor is used to synchronously align and extract features of relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters, and then use a weighted fusion method to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index. Based on the comparison of water level height, water pressure information and flow information in the tunnel with corresponding thresholds, the water inrush hazard level is initially determined, and then the water inrush hazard level is adaptively adjusted according to the comprehensive water inrush risk index. Specifically, the inrush hazard assessment processor 22 incorporates a multi-source data fusion processing module 23, used for synchronous alignment, feature extraction, and correlation analysis of three types of heterogeneous data: water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face. First, sliding window filtering and outlier removal are applied to the time-series signals output by the water pressure sensor 17 and flow meter 12 to obtain stable pressure-flow joint time-series characteristics. Based on an event-triggered dynamic time alignment mechanism, using inrush precursor events (such as sudden pressure increases) as anchor points, high-precision alignment of multi-source data is achieved during critical time periods. Simultaneously, the monitor 19 acquires the tunnel face video stream at a fixed frame rate. I t} T t=1 The growth rate of seepage area was identified using a pre-trained lightweight convolutional neural network. A r Mud diffusion rate v s and crack propagation rate c e Visual feature parameters, etc.

[0038] The specific steps are as follows: 1) Segmentation of seepage regions, generating foreground masks through dynamic background modeling. :

[0039]

[0040] And on Morphological opening and closing operations are performed to eliminate noise. Among them, In time Time, location Background estimate at the location; For example, a smoothing factor. ; In time Time, location The pixel values ​​of the time-series image of the face at the location; These are pixel coordinates; Generate a preset threshold for the mask; .

[0041] Let the number of percolation pixels in frame t be... ,but:

[0042] in: : Frame time interval (s); Reference area (e.g., total area of ​​the working face); N : Number of frames in the sliding window.

[0043] Mud diffusion rate: Calculate the dense optical flow field within the masked region. The average speed is obtained. :

[0044] The unit is pixels per second, which can be converted to physical velocity (cm / s) through calibration.

[0045] Crack propagation rate: Perform edge detection on each frame and extract the crack length of the sliding window in the t-th frame. L t and the crack length of the sliding window in frame t-1. L t-1 ,calculate:

[0046] in L refFor the reference length (such as the diameter of the model tunnel), negative growth is considered noise and set to zero.

[0047] Subsequently, the physical sensing features and visual features are dynamically weighted and fused through a gating cross-attention mechanism to output a comprehensive water inrush risk index R∈[0,1].

[0048] In the aforementioned water inrush risk assessment processor, the comprehensive water inrush risk index is obtained by weighted summation of four components: liquid level height risk component, water pressure risk component, flow rate risk component, and visual risk component; the liquid level height risk component, water pressure risk component, flow rate risk component, and visual risk component are all dimensionless values.

[0049] The calculation process for the comprehensive water inrush risk index is as follows: Normalize the original physical quantities of liquid level height h, water pressure P, and flow rate Q to the interval [0, 1] to obtain the dimensionless liquid level height risk component. Water pressure risk component Traffic risk component They are respectively:

[0050]

[0051] ; in , and The upper limit reference values ​​for the risk components of liquid level height, water pressure, and flow rate are set for the system; h, P, and Q are the liquid level height, water pressure, and flow rate, respectively.

[0052] In the aforementioned water inrush hazard assessment processor, the visual risk component is a weighted synthesis of visual feature parameters, and its calculation process is as follows: The seepage zone area growth rate, mud diffusion rate, and crack propagation rate were mapped using the Sigmoid function, and the visual risk component was obtained by weighted summation of each mapping result and its corresponding weight. That is:

[0053] in σ ( i () is the Sigmoid function, used to compress features to [0, 1]. α 1. α 2. α 3 represents the preset weighting coefficient; α 1+ α 2+ α 3 = 1; .

[0054] Dynamically generate fusion weights using a gating cross-attention mechanism. w h , w P , w Q , w v satisfy w h + w P + w Q + w v =1, and calculate the comprehensive water inrush risk index: .

[0055] The multi-source data fusion processing module (23) is also equipped with an adaptive weight adjustment unit, which dynamically adjusts the contribution of each data source according to the current working conditions: when the liquid level rises rapidly or the water pressure increases suddenly, the weight of water pressure and flow characteristics is increased; when cracks are detected to be expanding rapidly or mud is gushing out in a pulsed manner in the image, the fusion ratio of visual features is enhanced. A dynamic threshold scaling model based on similarity criteria associates the threshold with the model medium parameters. In the model experiment, the water inrush response is affected by the equivalent permeability coefficient K. m And model geometric scale control. Based on Darcy's law and similarity theory, the threshold is adjusted as follows: The threshold values ​​for water level height, water pressure, and flow rate are respectively set as follows: , and : ; ; ; in, , , The original threshold values ​​for body fluid level height, water pressure information, and flow rate information are based on the reference material. It is the equivalent permeability coefficient; For the geometric scale of the model; This is a reference value for the equivalent permeability coefficient.

[0056] The multi-level linkage alarm system is used to match linkage alarms according to the adjusted water inrush hazard level.

[0057] For example, when the tunnel is being excavated, if the bottom immersion sensor is not triggered, i.e., the liquid level height h ≤ 0.5 cm, the water pressure P ≤ 7 kPa, and the flow rate Q ≤ 1 L / d, it is considered that the risk is relatively small, the alarm does not sound, the risk level is Grade IV, the classification indicator light is green, and in actual engineering, it is considered that construction can be carried out under this project background; When the tunnel is being excavated, if the bottom immersion sensor is triggered, i.e., 0.5 cm < h ≤ 1.0 cm, the water pressure 7 kPa < P ≤ 14 kPa, and the flow rate 1 L / d < Q ≤ 10 L / d, it is considered that the risk is relatively large, the alarm sounds (playing "Yellow alert, evacuate quickly" in a loop), the risk level is Grade III, the classification indicator light is yellow, and in actual engineering, it is considered that the water flow resistance will have a certain impact on the evacuation of personnel, and immediate evacuation is required; When the tunnel is being excavated, if the middle immersion sensor is triggered, i.e., 1.0 cm < h ≤ 2.0 cm, the water pressure 14 kPa < P ≤ 27 kPa, and the flow rate 10 L / d < Q ≤ 50 L / d, it is considered that the risk is high, the alarm sounds (playing "Orange alert, enter with caution" in a loop), the risk level is Grade II, the classification indicator light is orange, and in actual engineering, it is considered that the water flow resistance will have a greater impact on the evacuation of machinery, and entry should be made with caution; When the tunnel is being excavated, if the upper immersion sensor is triggered, i.e., h ≥ 2.0 cm, the water pressure P ≥ 35 kPa, and the flow rate Q ≥ 50 L / d, it is considered that the risk is the highest, the alarm sounds (playing "Red alert, entry prohibited" in a loop), the risk level is Grade I, the classification indicator light is red, and in actual engineering, it is considered that entry of personnel and machinery is prohibited under this project background; The specific water inrush determination indicators are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Water inrush determination indicators; Alarm Types Green Alert (Level IV) Yellow Alert (Level III) Orange Alert (Level II) Red Alert (Level I) Model water level h (cm) 0.5cm 0.5-1.0cm 1.0-2.0cm ≥2.0cm Model water pressure P (kPa) during sudden water inrush 0-7kPa 7-14kPa 14-27 kPa ≥27kPa Model inrush flow rate Q (L / d) ≤1L / d 1-10L / d 10-50L / d ≥50L / d In addition to the conventional judgment of the risk level based on thresholds, the comprehensive water inrush risk index calculated by the water inrush risk evaluation processor (22) introduces a mechanism for adaptively adjusting the water inrush level. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the water inrush risk level based on the comprehensively calculated risk index R.

[0058] For example, when 0 < R ≤ 0.25, it remains at Grade IV (green alert), indicating relatively small risk and allowing normal construction; When 0.25 < R ≤ 0.5, it is upgraded to Grade III (yellow alert), "Yellow alert, evacuate quickly", and at this time, the water flow resistance may have a certain impact on the evacuation of personnel; When 0.5 < R ≤ 0.75, it is upgraded to Grade II (orange alert), "Orange alert, enter with caution", and at this time, the water flow resistance may have a greater impact on the evacuation of machinery; When R ≥ 0.75 or any physical parameter exceeds the red threshold, it is immediately upgraded to Level I (Red Alert), "Red Alert, Entry Prohibited".

[0059] This adaptive adjustment mechanism not only relies on fixed threshold conditions, but also combines real-time monitoring data and intelligent analysis results to ensure timely response to environmental changes, provide more accurate risk assessments and early warnings, and effectively avoid safety hazards caused by misjudgment of a single parameter.

[0060] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for double-track tunnels with cross passages. If only a single-track tunnel is simulated for water and mud inrush geological disasters, only the reserved hole on one side of the water inrush simulation device needs to be excavated. There is no need to bury the cross passage in advance. The remaining operation steps are the same as those for the simulation test of double-track tunnels with cross passages.

[0061] This invention can use a multi-field information acquisition system to monitor the entire process of water inrush simulation, use a water inrush hazard assessment processor to determine the water inrush hazard level, and adaptively adjust the water inrush hazard level according to the tunnel water inrush risk index to achieve multi-level linkage alarm.

[0062] In one or more embodiments, a three-dimensional simulation method for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mudslide disasters includes: A water inrush simulation device is used to simulate tunnel water seepage under different working conditions; a water pressure loading control device is used to control the water pressure and flow rate inside the water inrush simulation device. The system uses a multi-field information acquisition system to collect information on water level, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face, thereby obtaining relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters and transmitting it to the water inrush hazard assessment processor. The water inrush hazard assessment processor is used to synchronize and extract features of relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters. Then, a weighted fusion method is used to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index. The water inrush hazard level is initially determined by comparing the water level height, water pressure and flow information in the tunnel with the corresponding thresholds. The water inrush hazard level is then adaptively adjusted based on the comprehensive water inrush risk index. A multi-level linkage alarm system is used to match the linkage alarm according to the adjusted water inrush hazard level.

[0063] The water pressure loading control device of this invention controls the water pressure and inflow of the simulated water inrush test water body to simulate water inrush disasters in tunnels under different engineering backgrounds; the water inrush simulation device can control the flow rate, number of water inrushes, and location of water inrush points; the multi-field information acquisition system can collect water pressure, liquid level, flow rate, and image information of the water body in real time and send them to the water inrush hazard assessment processor; the multi-level linkage alarm system processes the information collected by the multi-field information acquisition system, evaluates the water inrush hazard level, adaptively adjusts the hazard level, and displays the water inrush hazard level through alarms and graded indicator lights.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage linkage alarm three-dimensional simulation system for tunnel water inrush and mud inrush disasters, characterized in that, include: Test chamber, water pressure loading control device, water inrush simulation device, multi-field information acquisition system, water inrush hazard assessment processor and multi-level linkage alarm system; The test chamber is paved with a pre-designed soil-rock similar material, and a tunnel excavation hole is reserved on the side wall of the chamber. A water supply pipeline is pre-embedded in a pre-designed position inside the chamber, which is connected to a water pressure loading control device and a water inrush simulation device. The water inrush simulation device is used to simulate tunnel water seepage under different working conditions; the water pressure loading control device is used to control the water pressure and flow rate in the water inrush simulation device. The multi-field information acquisition system is used to collect information on water level height, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face, thereby obtaining relevant information on the entire evolution process of water and mud inrush geological disasters. The water inrush hazard assessment processor is used to synchronously align and extract features of relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters, and then use a weighted fusion method to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index; based on the comparison of water level height, water pressure information and flow information in the tunnel with corresponding thresholds, the water inrush hazard level is initially determined, and then the water inrush hazard level is adaptively adjusted according to the comprehensive water inrush risk index; The multi-level linkage alarm system is used to match linkage alarms according to the adjusted water inrush hazard level.

2. The tunnel water-inrush and mud-inrush disaster multi-level linkage alarm three-dimensional simulation system according to claim 1, wherein After completing one water inrush simulation test, the position of the water supply pipeline of the water inrush simulation device is adjusted to conduct secondary or multiple water inrush disaster simulations. 3.The tunnel water inrush and mud inrush disaster multi-level linkage alarm three-dimensional simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, In the aforementioned water inrush hazard assessment processor, for the same water level in the tunnel, the corresponding water pressure and flow information are subjected to sliding window filtering and outlier removal to obtain stable pressure-flow joint time series characteristics; based on the event-triggered dynamic time alignment mechanism, using water inrush precursor events as anchor points, high-precision alignment of multi-source data is achieved in key time periods.

4. The tunnel water inrush and mud inrush disaster multi-level linkage alarm three-dimensional simulation system according to claim 1, wherein In the water inrush hazard assessment processor, visual feature parameters are extracted from the time-series images of the working face, including the seepage area growth rate, mud diffusion rate, and crack propagation rate.

5. The tunnel water inrush and mud inrush disaster multi-level linkage alarm three-dimensional simulation system of claim 4, wherein, In the aforementioned water inrush risk assessment processor, the comprehensive water inrush risk index is obtained by weighted summation of four components: liquid level height risk component, water pressure risk component, flow rate risk component, and visual risk component. The risk components of liquid level height, water pressure, flow rate, and visual risk are all dimensionless.

6. The three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mudslide disasters as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the aforementioned water inrush risk assessment processor, the liquid level height risk component is the ratio of the liquid level height to a preset upper limit reference value; the water pressure risk component is the ratio of the water pressure to a preset upper limit reference value; and the flow rate risk component is the ratio of the flow rate to a preset upper limit reference value.

7. The three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mudslide disasters as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the aforementioned water inrush hazard assessment processor, the visual risk component is a weighted synthesis of visual feature parameters, and its calculation process is as follows: The seepage zone area growth rate, mud diffusion rate and crack propagation rate were mapped using the Sigmoid function, and the visual risk component was obtained by weighting and summing the mapping results with their corresponding weights.

8. The three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mudslide disasters as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the multi-level linkage alarm system, the corresponding thresholds for water level height, water pressure information and flow rate information are adjusted according to the equivalent permeability coefficient and the geometric scale of the model.

9. The three-dimensional simulation system for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mudslide disasters as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The threshold values ​​for water level height, water pressure, and flow rate are respectively set as follows: , and : ； ； ； in, , , The original threshold values ​​for body fluid level height, water pressure information, and flow rate information are based on the reference material. It is the equivalent permeability coefficient; For the geometric scale of the model; This is a reference value for the equivalent permeability coefficient.

10. A three-dimensional simulation method for multi-level linkage alarm of tunnel inrush, water inrush, and mudslide disasters, characterized in that, include: A water inrush simulation device is used to simulate tunnel water seepage under different working conditions; a water pressure loading control device is used to control the water pressure and flow rate inside the water inrush simulation device. The system uses a multi-field information acquisition system to collect information on water level, water pressure, flow rate, and time-series images of the tunnel face, thereby obtaining relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters and transmitting it to the water inrush hazard assessment processor. The water inrush hazard assessment processor is used to synchronize and extract features of relevant information on the entire evolution process of water inrush and mud inrush geological disasters. Then, a weighted fusion method is used to obtain a comprehensive water inrush risk index. The water inrush hazard level is initially determined by comparing the water level height, water pressure and flow information in the tunnel with the corresponding thresholds. The water inrush hazard level is then adaptively adjusted based on the comprehensive water inrush risk index. A multi-level linkage alarm system is used to match the linkage alarm according to the adjusted water inrush hazard level.

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