METHOD OF TRANSMITTING POSITIONING INFORMATION, DEVICE, STORAGE MEDIUM, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT

Abstract

Provided are a positioning information transmission method and apparatus, a storage medium, and a computer program product, which are configured for making a first apparatus receive information for indicating the accuracy of path information, improving a path identification solution on the basis of the information, and improving the accuracy of the path information, such that positioning precision can be improved. In the present application, the first apparatus sends at least one piece of first information. The at least one piece of first information is used for positioning. The first information in the at least one piece of first information comprises measurement information and the path information. The path information indicates the likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is an LOS path and / or an NLOS path. The first apparatus receives second information, and the second information indicates the accuracy of the path information. As the first apparatus can receive the second information used for indicating the accuracy of the path information, the first apparatus can improve the path identification solution on the basis of the second information and improve path identification performance, such that the path information can be determined more accurately, improving the positioning precision.

Description

1 / 109 METHOD OF TRANSMITTING POSITIONING INFORMATION, DEVICE, STORAGE MEDIUM, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[001] This application claims priority over Chinese Patent Application No. 202310255511.7, filed with the National Intellectual Property Administration of China on March 10, 2023, and entitled POSITIONING INFORMATION TRANSMISSION METHOD, APPARATUS, STORAGE MEDIUM, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] This application relates to the field of positioning technologies and, in particular, to a method of transmitting positioning information, a device, a storage medium and a computer program product. BACKGROUND

[003] With the rapid development of communication technologies, high-precision positioning has become an important research project in 5th generation mobile communication systems (5G) and 3rd generation partnership projects (3GPP). New Radio (NR) positioning scenarios mainly include: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) in outdoor environments, eMBB in indoor environments, ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mTCT) / Internet of Things (IoT). NR positioning also requires characteristics such as high security, scalability, high availability, and guaranteed accuracy in high-speed applications.

[004] The 3GPP standard supports a plurality of technologies Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 13 / 142 2 / 109 Positioning, such as time difference of arrival (TDOA), angle of departure (AOD), angle of arrival (AOA), and round trip time (RTT). A measuring end (such as a base station or terminal) can measure a received reference signal to obtain measurement information, where the measurement information can be used for positioning, and the measurement information may include a value of a measurement parameter and the like. The measurement parameter may be associated with a positioning technology. For example, the positioning technology is an AOA, and the measurement parameter may include, for example, an angle of arrival (AOA). For another example, the positioning technology is a TDOA, and the measurement parameter may include a time difference of arrival from a reference signal and the like.

[005] Positioning technology relies on measuring the line of sight (LOS) (i.e., the straight-line distance between devices) between devices (e.g., between a base station and a terminal, or between terminals). However, in a real-world environment, due to the existence of various obstacles such as trees, buildings, and walls, the path of a signal measured by the measuring end may not be a LOS path, but rather a non-line of sight (NLOS) path. The NLOS path corresponds to a signal reflection path and exhibits a significant distance deviation from the LOS path. Based on this, improving positioning accuracy becomes a problem that needs to be addressed urgently. SUMMARY

[006] This application provides a method for transmitting positioning information, an apparatus, a storage medium and a computer program, so that a Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 14 / 142 3 / 109 The first device sends path information, where the path information indicates a likelihood of a path corresponding to the measurement information being a LOS path and / or a NLOS path. The first device can also obtain information indicating the accuracy of the path information and then enhance a path identification solution based on the information, thereby improving the accuracy of the path information and improving positioning accuracy.

[007] According to a first aspect, this application provides a method of transmitting positioning information, and the method can be applied to a first device. The first device can be, for example, a terminal device or a chip (system) in the terminal device, or a network device or a chip (system) in the network device.

[008] In this request, the first device sends at least one piece of first information, wherein the at least one piece of first information is used for positioning, the first information in the at least one piece of first information includes measurement information and path information, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained based on a reference signal, and the path information indicates a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path. The first device receives second information, wherein the second information indicates the accuracy of the path information in one or more pieces of first information in the at least one piece of first information.

[009] In this modality of this request, the fact that the path information indicates a likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path may also be Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 15 / 142 4 / 109 replaced by the fact that path information indicates a probability or possibility that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path.

[010] In this application, the first device can determine, based on LOS / NLOS path identification technology, the likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path, thereby improving positioning accuracy. For example, the location management device can receive information indicating a likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS / NLOS path and then assign a weight to the measurement information (or it can not use the measurement information obtained based on an NLOS path), thereby improving positioning accuracy.In another example, if the first device determines a high probability that the path corresponding to the measurement information is an NLOS path, the first device may no longer send the measurement information to the location management device, thus reducing resource overhead and avoiding the problem of low positioning accuracy, since the location management device performs positioning based on the measurement information.

[011] In a real application, it is difficult to identify a LOS / NLOS path. For example, when there is a large number of reflectors in a channel, the features of a LOS channel and an NLOS channel are similar, and then the identified path may have a deviation (for example, the likelihood of a path that matches the measurement information and that is identified by the first device as a LOS path being inaccurate), resulting in low positioning accuracy.

[012] To resolve this problem, in this request, after Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 16 / 142 5 / 109 reporting measurement information and path information, the first device can receive the second piece of information, indicating the accuracy of the path information. The second piece of information can help the first device improve a path identification solution and enhance path identification performance. The first device can more accurately determine the likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or a NLOS path, thus improving positioning performance.

[013] In one possible implementation, the second information also includes indication information, and the indication information indicates that the second information has an association relationship with one or more pieces of first information in at least one piece of first information. In one possible implementation, the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information in one or more pieces of first information. It can also be understood that the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information in the first information associated with the second information. The first device can determine, based on the indication information, that the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information in specific first information, to more adequately determine, through analysis, whether a route identification solution needs to be improved and how to improve the route identification solution.

[014] In one possible implementation, the indication information includes at least one of the following contents: identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which one or more pieces of first information (or referred to as first information associated with second information) are based; identification information of a reference signal on which one or more Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 17 / 142 6 / 109 pieces of first information (or referred to as first information associated with second information) are based on; time information corresponding to one or more pieces of first information (or referred to as first information associated with second information); time range information corresponding to one or more pieces of first information (or referred to as first information associated with second information); or measurement parameter information corresponding to one or more pieces of first information.

[015] In this way, the location management device can associate the second information with the first information within a specific time or a specific time range using the indication information, or associate the second information with a device sending one or more reference signals, to assist the first device in evaluating a channel environment within a specific time or a specific time range, or between the first device and the device sending one or more reference signals, and then evaluate a path identification solution, to determine if the path identification solution needs to be changed.

[016] In one possible implementation, the plurality of first information pieces satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the reference signal transmission devices on which the plurality of first information pieces are based are the same, or the reference signal transmission devices on which two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are based are different; the time corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces is the same, or the time corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces is different; the time ranges corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces are the same, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 18 / 142 7 / 109 or the time ranges corresponding to two pieces of first information in the plurality of pieces of first information are different; or the measurement parameters corresponding to the plurality of pieces of first information are the same, or the measurement parameters corresponding to two pieces of first information in the plurality of pieces of first information are different.

[017] The location management device can comprehensively consider a plurality of first-information pieces that meet a specific rule (e.g., a plurality of first-information pieces simultaneously, a plurality of first-information pieces including different measurement parameters, or a plurality of first-information pieces at different times) to determine the accuracy of the route information with greater precision. Furthermore, the location management device feeds back a second-information piece to the first device to indicate the accuracy of a plurality of route information on the plurality of first-information pieces, so that the amount of bits occupied by the information fed back by the location management device can be reduced, thus saving resources.

[018] In one possible implementation, the first information in at least one piece of first information includes one or more of the following contents: identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which the first information is based; identification information of a reference signal on which the first information is based; time information corresponding to the first information; time range information corresponding to the first information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the first information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 19 / 142 8 / 109

[019] Since the first information includes the information, the location management device can directly obtain the information from the first information, and add the information to the second information, so that the first device determines an association relationship between the second information and the first information and / or the device sending the reference signal.

[020] The solutions provided in this application are applicable to a plurality of scenarios, for example, a positioning scenario between a terminal device and a network device, or a sidelink positioning scenario. For example, when the first device is a network device, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained by the network device measuring a reference signal from a first terminal device. In one possible implementation, the location management device can receive measurement information reported by a plurality of network devices, and the location management device can know the location information of these network devices.Therefore, the location management device can determine the location information of the first device based on the plurality of measurement information pieces and the location information of these network devices, and then verify, based on the location information of these first devices, route information that is in at least one piece of first information and that is reported by the first device, so that the accuracy of the route information can be obtained precisely.

[021] In a real-world application, the location management device may also use other methods to obtain location information from the first device. For example, the location management device may obtain the Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 20 / 142 9 / 109 location information of the first device based on historical location information of the first device (for example, the historical location information of the first device is used as the location information of the first device, or the location information of the first device is estimated based on the historical location information of the first device and some movement parameters of the first device), or it can obtain the location information of the first device based on predefined location information of the first device (for example, a possible location of the first device within a specified time range is a predefined location, and therefore the location management appliance can use location information as the location information of the first device) and thenThe location management device verifies route information based on location data.

[022] In another example, when the first device is a first terminal device, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained by the first terminal device measuring a reference signal from a network device. In one possible implementation, the first terminal device can receive reference signals from a plurality of network devices and then measure the plurality of reference signals to obtain measurement information corresponding to the plurality of network devices. Because the location management device can obtain location information from the plurality of network devices in advance, the location management device can check the path information that is in at least one piece of first information and that is reported by the first device. For example, the location management device can check, based on the plurality of pieces Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 21 / 142 10 / 109 of measurement information and in the location information of the network device, the route information that is in at least one piece of initial information and that is reported by the first device, so that the accuracy of the route information can be obtained precisely.

[023] In another example, when the first device is a first terminal device, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained by the first terminal device by measuring a reference signal from a second terminal device.In this implementation, if a device that needs to be positioned is the first terminal device, the location management device can obtain, in advance, through another solution, location information from the second terminal device participating in the positioning (for example, the second terminal device obtains location information based on a global positioning system (GPS) / BeiDou satellite signal, and the second terminal device sends the location information to the location management device) and then determine the location of the first terminal device based on the location information from the second terminal device and the measurement information.If a device that needs to be positioned is the second terminal device, the location management device can obtain location information from the first terminal device in advance using another solution and then determine the location of the second terminal device based on the location information from one or more of the first terminal devices and the measurement information.

[024] In one possible implementation, the second piece of information includes information indicating correct route information or information indicating incorrect route information. In this solution, as the location management device needs Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 22 / 142 11 / 109 determining correct or incorrect route information, the complexity of a required algorithm is low. Therefore, in a scenario with a large number of users on a network, the network computing load can be reduced.

[025] In one possible implementation, the second information includes one or more of the following: information indicating a probability of correctness of the route information, information indicating a probability of incorrectness of the route information, or information indicating an error in the route information. In this way, the second information can help the first device to more accurately determine the accuracy of the route information identified in a current route identification solution, thus helping the first device to improve the route identification solution.

[026] In one possible implementation, at least one piece of first information includes a plurality of pieces of first information. The second information includes one or more of the following contents: information indicating a proportion of correct path information in a plurality of pieces of first information; information indicating a proportion of incorrect path information in a plurality of pieces of first information; information indicating a proportion of path information whose probabilities of correctness are greater than a first probability threshold in a plurality of pieces of first information; or information indicating a proportion of path information whose errors are less than a first error threshold in a plurality of pieces of first information.In this way, the location management device can provide feedback on the accuracy of route information in batches, thus reducing the amount of information that needs to be fed back and saving money. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 23 / 142 12 / 109 resource overheads. Furthermore, the location management device can perform batch determination of route information in the initial data, so that the accuracy of the determination can be improved.

[027] In one possible implementation, the second information includes one or more of the following contents: information indicating whether verification of a location obtained based on the first information in at least one piece of first information is successful or fails. In this solution, since the location management device needs to determine whether location verification is successful, the complexity of an algorithm required in this solution is low. Therefore, in a scenario with a large number of users on a network, the network computing load can be reduced.

[028] In one possible implementation, the second information includes one or more of the following: information indicating a probability that verification of a location obtained based on the first information will be successful in at least one piece of first information; information indicating a probability that verification of a location obtained based on the first information will fail in at least one piece of first information; or information indicating an error in a location obtained based on the first information. In this way, the second information can help the first device to more accurately determine the accuracy of the route information identified in a current route identification solution, thus helping the first device to improve the route identification solution.

[029] In one possible implementation, the second piece of information includes one or more of the following: information indicating the proportion of locations where verification is successful out of a plurality of locations obtained based on Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 24 / 142 13 / 109 in at least one piece of initial information; information indicating the proportion of locations where verification fails in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of initial information; or information indicating the proportion of locations whose errors are less than a second error threshold in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of initial information. In this way, the location management device can provide batch path information accuracy, thus reducing the amount of information that needs to be provided and saving resource overhead. Furthermore, the location management device can perform batch determination based on the path information contained in the initial information, so that the determination accuracy can be improved.

[030] In one possible implementation, the first device could further enhance a path identification solution based on second information. For example, the first device is notified to perform one or more of the following actions based on second information: increase a first-path energy detection threshold, increase a consistency decision threshold, switch a LOS path identification algorithm, or switch an NLOS path identification algorithm. In this way, the first device could improve the accuracy of subsequent path information, thereby improving positioning accuracy.

[031] According to a second aspect, this application provides a method of transmitting positioning information, and the method can be applied to a location management device. For example, the location management device may be a location management device or a chip (system) in the location management device; or the location management device may be a Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 25 / 142 14 / 109 terminal device with positioning capability or a chip (system) in the terminal device, or a network device or a chip (system) in the network device.

[032] In this request, the location management device receives at least one piece of first information, wherein the at least one piece of first information is used for positioning, the first information in the at least one piece of first information includes measurement information and path information, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained based on a reference signal, and the path information indicates a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path. The location management device sends second information, wherein the second information indicates the accuracy of the path information in one or more pieces of first information in the at least one piece of first information.

[033] Second information can help a device (a first device) that receives the second information to improve a path identification solution and path identification performance. The first device can more accurately determine the likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path, thus improving positioning performance.

[034] In one possible implementation, the second information also includes indication information, and the indication information indicates that the second information has an association relationship with one or more pieces of first information in at least one piece of first information. For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[035] In one possible implementation, the indication information includes at least one of the following contents: Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 26 / 142 15 / 109 time information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; time range information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; identification information of a device transmitting a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; or measurement parameter information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information. For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[036] In one possible implementation, the plurality of first information pieces satisfies one or more of the following conditions: the reference signal transmission devices on which the plurality of first information pieces are based are the same, or the reference signal transmission devices on which two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are based are different; the time corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces is the same, or the time corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces is different; the time ranges corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces are the same, or the time ranges corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are different;Either the measurement parameters corresponding to the plurality of initial information pieces are the same, or the measurement parameters corresponding to two initial information pieces in the plurality of initial information pieces are different. For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[037] In one possible implementation, the first information in at least one piece of first information includes one or more of the following contents: identification information of a Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 27 / 142 16 / 109 device transmitting a reference signal on which the initial information is based; identification information of a reference signal on which the initial information is based; time information corresponding to the initial information; time range information corresponding to the initial information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the initial information. For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[038] In one possible implementation, the second information includes one or more of the following contents: information indicating correct route information, or information indicating incorrect route information; information indicating a probability of correctness of the route information; information indicating a probability of incorrectness of the route information; information indicating an error in the route information; information indicating a proportion of correct route information in a plurality of route information in at least one piece of first information; information indicating a proportion of incorrect route information in a plurality of route information in at least one piece of first information;Information indicating a proportion of path information whose probabilities of correctness are greater than a first probability threshold in a plurality of path information in at least one piece of first information; or information indicating a proportion of path information whose errors are less than a first error threshold in a plurality of path information in at least one piece of first information. For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[039] In one possible implementation, the second piece of information Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 28 / 142 17 / 109 include one or more of the following contents: information indicating that verification of a location obtained based on early information in at least one piece of early information is successful or fails; information indicating a probability that verification of a location obtained based on early information in at least one piece of early information will be successful; information indicating a probability that verification of a location obtained based on early information in at least one piece of early information will fail; information indicating an error in a location obtained based on early information; information indicating the proportion of locations in which verification is successful in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of early information;Information indicating the proportion of locations where verification fails in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of first information; or information indicating the proportion of locations whose errors are less than a second error threshold in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of first information. For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[040] In one possible implementation, when the first device is a network device, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained by the network device measuring a reference signal from a first terminal device. In another possible implementation, when the first device is a first terminal device, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained by the first terminal device measuring a reference signal from a network device, or a measurement result obtained by the first terminal device measuring a reference signal from a second terminal device. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 29 / 142 18 / 109 For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[041] In one possible implementation, the second information is used by the first device to perform one or more of the following actions based on the second information: increase a first-path energy detection threshold, increase a consistency decision threshold, switch a LOS path identification algorithm, or switch an NLOS path identification algorithm. For related content, see the descriptions in the first aspect. Details are not described again.

[042] In a real-world application, a location determined based on measurement information obtained from a LOS path is accurate. Therefore, locations obtained based on measurement information from a LOS path can be close (or referred to as aggregated or highly aggregated). A location determined based on measurement information obtained from a NLOS path is inaccurate. Therefore, locations obtained based on measurement information from an NLOS path can be discrete (or referred to as non-aggregated or low-aggregated). In this application, the accuracy of the path information can be determined based on this phenomenon, so that a solution can be simplified.

[043] For example, the location management device can determine at least one piece of initial location information based on at least one part of the measurement information in the at least one piece of initial information and determine the accuracy of the route information based on the at least one piece of initial location information.

[044] In another example, the location management device can obtain at least a piece of secondary location information, and determine the accuracy of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 30 / 142 19 / 109 route information is based on at least one piece of first location information and at least one piece of second location information. There is an association between the accuracy of the route information and a first degree of aggregation, and the first degree of aggregation includes a degree of aggregation between at least one piece of first location information and at least one piece of second location information. For example, when the route information indicates that the probability of measurement information being measured based on a LOS route is greater than a third probability threshold, the accuracy of the route information is positively correlated with the first degree of aggregation.In another example, when route information indicates that the probability of measurement information being measured based on a LOS route is no greater than a third probability threshold, the accuracy of the route information is negatively correlated with the first degree of aggregation.

[045] In another possible implementation, the second location information in at least one piece of second location information includes one or more of the following contents: predefined location information; historical location information; or location information determined based on at least one piece of other measurement information, where the probability that the measurement information in at least one piece of other measurement information is measured based on a LOS path is greater than a second probability threshold. In this way, the flexibility of the solution can be enhanced.

[046] According to a third aspect, a device is provided. The device may be the first device or the location management device. The device may include a communication unit and a processing unit, to perform either of the first and second aspects, or to perform Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 31 / 142 20 / 109 any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects. The communication unit is configured to perform functions related to sending and receiving. Optionally, the communication unit includes a receiving unit and a sending unit. In a design, the device is a communication chip, the processing unit can be one or more processors or processor cores, and the communication unit can be an input / output circuit or a port of the communication chip.

[047] In another design, the communication unit may be a transmitter and a receiver, or the communication unit may be a transmitting machine and a receiving machine.

[048] Optionally, the device also includes modules that can be configured to perform the first aspect and the second aspect, or perform any of the possible implementations of the first aspect and the second aspect.

[049] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus may be the first apparatus or the location management apparatus. The apparatus may include a processor and memory to perform either of the first and second aspects, or to perform any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects. Optionally, the apparatus also includes a transceiver. The memory is configured to store a computer program or instructions. The processor is configured to: invoke the computer program or instructions from memory and run the computer program or instructions. When the processor executes the computer program or instructions in memory, the apparatus is enabled to perform either of the first and second aspects, or to perform any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects.

[050] Optionally, there is one or more processors and one or more memory modules. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 32 / 142 21 / 109

[051] Optionally, the memory can be integrated into the processor, or the memory and the processor can be arranged separately.

[052] Optionally, the transceiver may include a transmitting machine (transmitter) and a receiving machine (receiver).

[053] According to a fifth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus may be the first apparatus or the location management apparatus. The apparatus may include a processor to perform either of the first and second aspects, or perform any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects. The processor is coupled to a memory. Optionally, the apparatus also includes the memory. Optionally, the apparatus also includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[054] In one implementation, when the device is a first device or a location management device, the communication interface can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. Optionally, the transceiver can be a transceiver circuit. Optionally, the input / output interface can be an input / output circuit.

[055] In another implementation, when the device is a chip or a chip system, the communication interface may be an input / output interface, an interface circuit, an output circuit, an input circuit, a pin, a related circuit, or similar on the chip or chip system. The processor may alternatively be incorporated as a processing circuit or a logic circuit.

[056] According to a sixth aspect, a system is provided, and the system includes the first device.

[057] In one possible implementation, the system may also include a device for transmitting one or more reference signals, and the device for transmitting the reference signal may be called Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 33 / 142 22 / 109 a second device. In another possible implementation, the system may also include one or more location management devices.

[058] According to a seventh aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes a computer program (which may also be called code or instructions). When the computer program is realized, a computer is enabled to perform either of the first aspect and the second aspect, or to perform any of the possible implementations of the first aspect and the second aspect.

[059] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable medium stores a computer program (which may also be called code or instructions). When the computer program is implemented on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform either of the first and second aspects, or to perform any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects.

[060] According to a ninth aspect, a chip system is provided, and the chip system may include a processor. The processor is coupled to memory and may be configured to: perform either of the first and second aspects, or perform any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects. Optionally, the chip system also includes memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program (which may also be referred to as code or instructions). The processor is configured to: invoke the computer program from memory and execute the computer program, so that a device in which the chip system is installed performs either of the first and second aspects, or performs any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 34 / 142 23 / 109 aspect.

[061] According to a tenth aspect, a processing apparatus is provided and includes an interface circuit and a processing circuit. The interface circuit may include an input circuit and an output circuit. The processing circuit is configured to: receive a signal through the input circuit and transmit a signal through the output circuit, so that either of the first and second aspects, or any of the possible implementations of the first and second aspects, is implemented.

[062] In a specific implementation process, the processing device may be a chip, the input circuit may be an input pin, the output circuit may be an output pin, and the processing circuit may be a transistor, a gate circuit, a trigger, various logic circuits, or the like. An input signal received by the input circuit may be received and entered by, for example, but not limited to, a receiver; a signal emitted by the output circuit may be sent to, for example, but not limited to, a transmitter and transmitted by the transmitter; and the input circuit and the output circuit may be the same circuit, wherein the circuit is used as an input circuit and output circuit at different times. Specific implementations of the processor and various circuits are not limited in this request.

[063] In one implementation, when the device is a first device or a location management device: The interface circuit may be a radio frequency processing chip in the first device or in the location management device, and the processing circuit may be a baseband processing chip in the first device or in the location management device.

[064] In another implementation, the device may be some components of the first device or of the management device. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 35 / 142 24 / 109 location, for example, an integrated circuit product, such as a system chip or a communication chip. The interface circuit may be an input / output interface, an interface circuit, an output circuit, an input circuit, a pin, a related circuit, or similar on the chip or chip system. The processing circuit may be a logic circuit on the chip. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[065] Figure 1 is a diagram of a communication system architecture according to one embodiment of this request; Figure 2A is a diagram of an architecture for another communication system according to one embodiment of this request; Figure 2B is a diagram of an architecture of another communication system to which a modality of this request is applicable; Figure 2C is a diagram of an architecture of another communication system to which a modality of this request is applicable; Figure 2D is a diagram of an architecture of another communication system to which a modality of this request is applicable; Figure 3A is a diagram of an architecture for another communication system to which a modality of this request is applicable; Figure 3B is a diagram of an architecture for another communication system to which a modality of this request is applicable; Figure 3C is a diagram of an architecture of another communication system to which a modality of this request is applicable; Figure 3D is a diagram of an architecture of another communication system to which a modality of this request is applicable; Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for transmitting positioning information according to one modality of this request; Figure 5 is a diagram of the structure of a communication device according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 6 is a diagram of the structure of a communication device according to one embodiment of this application; and Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 36 / 142 25 / 109 Figure 7 is a diagram of the structure of a communication device according to one embodiment of this application. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES

[066] The following describes first nouns or terms in modalities of this request. (1) Reference signal

[067] The reference signal in embodiments of this application may also be understood as a signal that can be used for positioning. The reference signal in embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a signal, a positioning signal, a positioning reference signal, a signal used for positioning, or the like.

[068] The reference signal in embodiments of this application may be a positioning reference signal (PRS), may be a sounding reference signal (SRS), or may be one or more of the following: a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase-tracking reference signal (PTRS), a sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS), and a synchronization signal and physical sidelink broadcast channel block (SSB).

[069] The solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are applicable to a scenario in which a reference signal is transmitted between a first device and a second device. For example, the first device measures a reference signal from the second device, and the measurement result can be used for positioning. The first device and the second device can be, respectively, a terminal device (or a chip in the terminal device) and a network device (or a chip in the Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 37 / 142 26 / 109 network device). Alternatively, both the first device and the second device are terminal devices (or chips in terminal devices). In this case, it can be understood that the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to a sidelink.

[070] The sidelink (SL) in embodiments of this application may also be called a direct link, secondary link, or similar. In embodiments of this application, all the above terms refer to a link established between devices of the same type and have the same meaning. Devices of the same type may be a link between terminal devices or similar. For the link between terminal devices, there is a D2D link defined in 3GPP (Rel)-12 / 13 version, and there is also a V2X link that extends between vehicles, between a vehicle and a mobile phone, or between a vehicle and any entity, and which is defined by 3GPP for the vehicle internet. The V2X link includes a V2X link defined in 3GPP Rel14 / 15 version and also includes, for example, a V2X link based on an NR system in Rel-16 and subsequent versions that are currently being researched by 3GPP.

[071] Figure 1 shows an example of a communication system architecture diagram to which an embodiment of this application is applicable. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system includes a radio access network 100 and a core network 200. Optionally, the communication system 1000 may also include the internet 300. The radio access network 100 may include at least one radio access network device (e.g., 110a and 110b in Figure 1) and may also include at least one terminal device (e.g., 120a to 120j in Figure 1). 1) The terminal device is connected to the wireless radio access network device, and the radio access network device is connected to the wireless or wired core network. A core network device and an access network device. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 38 / 142 27 / 109 radio devices can be independent physical devices, or the functions of the core network device and the logical functions of the radio access network device can be integrated into the same physical device, or part of the functions of the core network device and part of the functions of the radio access network device can be integrated into a single physical device. Terminal devices can be connected to each other in a wired or wireless manner, and radio access network devices can be connected to each other in a wired or wireless manner. Figure 1 is only a diagram. The communication system may also include other network devices, for example, a wireless relay device and a wireless backhaul device, which are not shown in Figure 1.

[072] The network device in embodiments of this application includes, for example, a radio access network (RAN) device. The radio access network device may be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a transmission point (TP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB) in a 5th generation (5G) mobile communication system, a next-generation base station in a 6th generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, an access node in a Wi-Fi system or similar; or it may be a module or unit that completes part of the functions of a base station, for example, it may be a central unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU).In this document, the CU completes the function of a radio resource control protocol and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer protocol of the base station, and may also complete the function of a service data adaptation protocol. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 39 / 142 28 / 109 Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP); and the DU completes the functions of a radio link control layer and a medium access control (MAC) layer of the base station, and may also complete a function of some or all of the physical layers. For specific descriptions of the protocol layers mentioned, please refer to the related technical specifications of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[073] The radio access network device may be a macro base station (e.g., 110a in Figure 1), or it may be a micro base station or an indoor base station (e.g., 110b in Figure 1), or it may be a relay node or a donor node. A specific technology and a specific device form that are used by the terminal device are not limited in embodiments of this application. For ease of description, the following provides descriptions using an example where the radio access network device is a base station.

[074] The terminal device may also be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal device, or similar. The terminal device can be widely used in various scenarios, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), internet of things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable device, smart transportation, and smart city. The terminal device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer having a wireless transceiver function, a wearable device, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a helicopter, an airplane, a ship, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 40 / 142 29 / 109 a robot, a robotic arm, a smart home device, a sensor or similar. A specific technology and a specific device form that are used by the terminal device are not limited in embodiments of this application.

[075] The terminal device may establish a connection to a carrier network via an interface (e.g., N1) provided by the carrier network, to use services such as data and / or voice provided by the carrier network. The terminal device may also access a domain name system (DNS) via the carrier network, to use a carrier service deployed in the DNS and / or a service provided by a third party. The third party may be a service party other than the carrier network and the terminal device, and may provide other data and / or voice services and the like to the terminal device. A specific form of representation of the third party may be determined specifically based on a real-world application scenario, and is not limited in this document.

[076] The terminal device may also be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal device, or similar. The terminal device can be widely used in various scenarios, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), internet of things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable device, smart transportation, and smart city. The terminal device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer having a wireless transceiver function, a wearable device, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a helicopter, an airplane, a ship, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 41 / 142 30 / 109 a robot, a robotic arm, a smart home device, a roadside unit (road unit, RSU) or similar. A specific technology and a specific device form used by the terminal device are not limited in embodiments of this application. The RSU may be a roadside unit, a device or apparatus deployed at a roadside, which meets a protocol related to side-link communication / positioning and provides a wireless communication function to a terminal device (such as a vehicle). The RSU may be a roadside station, an access point, a side-link device or similar in various forms.

[077] The base station and terminal device may be fixed or mobile. The base station and terminal device may be deployed on land, including indoors, outdoors, portable or in vehicles; or they may be deployed on water; or they may be deployed on aircraft, balloons and artificial satellites in the air. The application scenarios of the base station and terminal device are not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[078] The functions of the base station and the terminal device may be relative. For example, a helicopter or unmanned aerial vehicle 120i in Figure 1 may be configured as a mobile base station. For terminal devices 120j accessing the radio access network 100 via 120i, terminal device 120i is a base station. However, for base station 110a, 120i is a terminal device, i.e., communication between 110a and 120i is carried out according to a wireless air interface protocol. Certainly, communication between 110a and 120i may alternatively be carried out according to a base station interface protocol. In this case, for 110a, 120i is also a base station. Therefore, the base station and the terminal device may be collectively referred to as a communication apparatus, 110a and 110b in Figure 1 may Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 42 / 142 31 / 109 can be referred to as a communication device with a base station function, and 120a to 120j in Figure 1 can be referred to as a communication device with a terminal device function.

[079] Communication between a base station and a terminal device, between base stations and between terminal devices may be carried out by means of a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum or both, licensed and unlicensed, which may be carried out by means of a spectrum below 6 gigahertz (gigahertz, GHz), a spectrum above 6 GHz or both, a spectrum below 6 GHz and a spectrum above 6 GHz. A spectrum resource for wireless communication is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[080] In embodiments of this application, a base station function may be performed by a module (e.g., a chip) in the base station, or it may be performed by a control subsystem that includes the base station function. The control subsystem that includes the base station function described in this document may be a control center in the application scenarios mentioned above, such as a smart grid, industrial control, smart transportation, and a smart city. A terminal device function may also be performed by a module (e.g., a chip or a modem) in the terminal device, or it may be performed by an apparatus that includes a terminal device function.

[081] In this request, the base station sends a downlink signal or downlink information to the terminal device, wherein the downlink information is transmitted over a downlink channel; and the terminal device sends an uplink signal or uplink information to the base station, wherein the uplink information is transmitted over an uplink channel. To communicate with the base station, the terminal device needs to establish a wireless connection with Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 43 / 142 32 / 109 a cell controlled by the base station. The cell that establishes the wireless connection with the terminal device is called the terminal device's service cell. When communicating with the service cell, the terminal device experiences additional interference from a signal from a neighboring cell.

[082] The core network, in embodiments of this application, may include a network device that processes and forwards signaling and data from a user, for example, including core network devices such as an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a user plane gateway, and a location management appliance. The user plane gateway may be a server that has functions such as mobility management, routing, and forwarding specific to user plane data and is generally located on the network side, such as a serving gateway (SGW), a packet data network gateway (PGW), or a user plane function (UPF).The AMF and SMF are equivalent to a mobility management entity (MME) in a long-term evolution (LTE) system. The AMF is primarily responsible for admission, and the SMF is primarily responsible for session management. Of course, the core network may include other network elements, which are not listed individually in this document.

[083] The location management device has a positioning function. The location management device, in embodiments of this application, may include a location management function (LMF) or a location management component (LMC), or it may be a local location management function. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 44 / 142 33 / 109 function, LLMF) located on a network device or a positioning server. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application. For ease of description, the following embodiments are described using an example where the location management device is an LMF.

[084] Based on the content presented in Figure 1, Figure 2A presents an example of a communication system architecture diagram to which one embodiment of this application is applicable. The communication system is presented using LTE and NR Rel-16 positioning architectures as an example. As shown in Figure 2A, the network elements / modules mainly include three parts: a next-generation radio access network (NG RAN), a terminal device, and a core network.

[085] The core network includes a location management function (LMF), an access and mobility management function (AMF), a service location protocol (SLP), an evolved serving mobile location center (E-SMLC), and the like. A location server, i.e., the location management function (LMF), is connected to the AMF, and the LMF and AMF are connected via an NL interface. An UE communicates with a service base station via a Uu link. An ng-eNB is an LTE base station and a gNB is a base station. Note: Base stations communicate via an Xn interface. The base station communicates with the AMF via an NG-C interface. The AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function, access and mobility management unit) is equivalent to a router for communication between the gNB and the LMF. The LMF implements UE location estimation, and the AMF communicates with the LMF via an NLs interface. The LMF is responsible... Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 45 / 142 34 / 109 by offering support for different types of terminal device-related location services, including terminal device positioning and assistance data transfer to the terminal device. The LMF can perform terminal device positioning calculations based on a measurement result from another network element. The AMF can receive a terminal device-related location service request from a 5th generation core network location service (5GC LCS) entity, or it can initiate some location services on behalf of a specific terminal device and forward the location service request to the LMF. After obtaining the location information returned by the terminal device, the AMF returns the location information related to the 5GC LCS entity.

[086] An NG RAN may include a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a next-generation evolved NodeB (ng-eNB), and the like. The gNB and ng-eNB are connected via an Xn interface, and the LMF and the ng-eNB / gNB are connected via an NG-C interface.

[087] One or more network devices on one side of NG RAN configure a resource used to send a reference signal and send the reference signal to the terminal device. The terminal device measures a downlink signal, such as the reference signal, and returns the measurement result to the LMF, to support positioning. It should be understood that the reference signal is used for positioning and may also be referred to as the positioning reference signal. This descriptive report is primarily for downlink positioning. Therefore, the positioning reference signal may be a PRS, a cell common reference signal (CRS), a channel state information (CSI) RS, or Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 46 / 142 35 / 109 similar. In this descriptive report, an example where the positioning reference signal is a PRS is used for description. For a different reference signal method, see the example. Details are not described again in this document. In one possible implementation, the PRS feature can be configured on a cell level basis, i.e., a PRS feature is configured for each cell. After the terminal device re-establishes a radio resource control (RRC) connection with a target cell, a base station in the target cell can configure a PRS feature for the target cell, and the terminal device obtains the PRS feature configured for the target cell, to receive and measure a PRS on the PRS feature.

[088] A communication method provided in the embodiments of this application may be applied to various communication systems, for example, an LTE system, a 5th generation (5G) system such as NR, and a next-generation communication system such as a 6G system. Certainly, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application may also be applied to another communication system, provided that the communication system has a positioning requirement for a terminal device. Furthermore, the communication system is also applicable to a future-oriented communication technology. The systems described in the embodiments of this application are intended to describe the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application more clearly and do not constitute any limitation to the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application.A person skilled in the technique can learn that, with the evolution of a network architecture, the technical solutions provided in the modalities of this application are also applicable to a similar technical problem.

[089] Figure 2B shows a network architecture of another communication system to which one modality of this request is Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 47 / 142 36 / 109 applicable. The communication system includes a core network, an NG-RAN, and a terminal device. The core network includes network elements / modules such as an LMF, an AMF, a secure user plane location platform (SUPL) (SLP), and an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC). The NG-RAN includes network elements / modules such as a gNB and an ng-eNB. For specific functions of the network elements / modules such as the LMF, AMF, SLP, E-SMLC, gNB, and ng-eNB, and the connection relationships between the network elements / modules, refer to the descriptions of a related part in Figure 2A above. Details are not described again in this document.

[090] A difference from Figure 2A lies in the fact that, in the network architecture shown in Figure 2B, an LMC is added to the NG-RAN, and a specific way of deploying the LMC is arranged in a base station, for example, arranged in the gNB or ng-ENB. In this network architecture, the LMC acts as an internal function of the base station. Therefore, no new interface needs to be introduced. The LMC can assume some functions of the LMF. In this architecture, the gNB may not report a measurement result of a signal used for positioning to the LMF in the core network, in order to reduce signaling overhead and positioning delay.

[091] Figure 2C shows a network architecture of another communication system to which an embodiment of this application is applicable. As shown in Figure 2C, the communication system also includes a core network, an NG-RAN, and a terminal device. A difference from Figure 2B lies in the fact that, in the network architecture shown in Figure 2C, an LMC serves as an independent logical node in the NG-RAN and is connected to a base station via a new interface. For example, in Figure 2C, the LMC is connected to a gNB-CU via Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 48 / 142 37 / 109 of an ITF interface.

[092] Figure 2D shows a network architecture of another communication system to which an embodiment of this application is applicable. As shown in Figure 2D, the communication system also includes a core network, an NG-RAN, and a terminal device. An LMC serves as an independent logical node in the NG-RAN. A difference from Figure 2C lies in the fact that the LMC can be connected to a plurality of base stations via new interfaces in Figure 2D. In Figure 2D, an example is used where the LMC is connected to two base stations. In a specific implementation, the LMC can alternatively be connected to more base stations.

[093] It should be understood that Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D show examples to describe the communication systems to which the embodiments of this application are applicable, and do not specifically limit the types, quantities, connection modes, and the like of the network elements included in the communication systems to which this application is applicable. Furthermore, the network element / module shown by a dashed line in Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D is not mandatory, being optional. For example, E-SMLC or SLP are not mandatory. Alternatively, the network element / module shown by a dashed line exists in another form. For example, gNB or ng-eNB is also referred to as a transmission reception point (TRP) node in some embodiments, and the terminal device is referred to as a SUPL-enabled terminal (SET) in some embodiments, where SUPL is the abbreviation for secure user plane location (SEcure). User Plane Location, SUPL).

[094] Figure 3A shows an example of a network architecture diagram of another communication system, according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3A, the communication system includes a network device (by Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 49 / 142 38 / 109 For example, the network device is a base station (in Figure 3A) and a terminal device. The network device (for example, a base station #1, a base station #2, a base station #3, and a base station #4 shown in Figure 3A) can be the access network device or the chip (system) in the access network device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, and Figure 2D, and the terminal device (for example, the terminal device is a terminal device #5 in Figure 3A) can be the terminal device or the chip (system) in the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, and Figure 2D.

[095] With reference to Figure 3A, for example, base station #1, base station #2, base station #3, and base station #4 each send a reference signal to terminal unit #5, and terminal unit #5 measures the reference signal. Terminal unit #5 measures a path #11 of a reference signal from base station #1 to obtain measurement information #11. In Figure 3A, for example, a path (i.e., path #11) corresponding to measurement information #11 is a LOS path. Terminal unit #5 measures a path #21 of a reference signal from base station #2 to obtain measurement information #21. In Figure 3A, for example, a path (i.e., path #21) corresponding to measurement information #21 is a LOS path. Terminal unit #5 measures a path #31 of a reference signal from base station #3 to obtain measurement information #31.In Figure 3A, for example, a path (i.e., path #31) corresponding to measurement information #31 is a LOS path. Terminal unit #5 measures a path #41 from a reference signal from base station #4 to obtain measurement information #41. Terminal unit #5 measures a path #42 from a reference signal from base station #4 to obtain measurement information #42. In Figure 3A, for example, a path (i.e., the... Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 50 / 142 39 / 109 route #41) corresponding to measurement information #41 is a LOS route, and a route (i.e., route #42) corresponding to measurement information #42 is a NLOS route.

[096] In Figure 3A, there is an obstacle #1 on path #41, and path #42 is obtained by reflecting the reference signal from base station #4 through an obstacle #2. Because path #41 is blocked by obstacle #1, terminal device #5 may mistakenly identify path #42 as a LOS path (for example, terminal device #5 finds that the signal energy on path #42 is greater than the signal energy on path #41 and, consequently, terminal device #5 identifies path #42 as a LOS path).

[097] Terminal device #5 reports measurement information to a location management device and also reports path information corresponding to the measurement information to the location management device, wherein the path information indicates a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path. For example, path information corresponding to measurement information #42 and reported by terminal device #5 indicates a high likelihood that path #42 corresponding to measurement information #42 is a LOS path, for example, it may be 90%. Because path #42 corresponding to measurement information #42 is identified as a LOS path, when performing positioning based on measurement information #42, the location management device may assign a large weight to measurement information #42.As a result, measurement information #42 has a large impact on the location information of terminal device #5, and the location information of terminal device #5 obtained by the location management device based on... Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 51 / 142 40 / 109 measurement information #42 differs significantly from the actual location information of the terminal device #5. Consequently, the positioning accuracy decreases.

[098] Based on this, the present application provides a solution. In this solution, the location management device can provide feedback on the accuracy of path identification, to assist a first device (e.g., terminal device #5 in Figure 3A) in improving a path identification solution, thereby improving path identification accuracy. The first device can more accurately determine the probability of a path matching the measurement information being a LOS path and / or an NLOS path, thereby improving positioning accuracy.

[099] The beneficial effects of the solution are described by means of an example. For example, if the first device can accurately determine the probability of a path corresponding to the measurement information being a LOS path and / or an NLOS path, in the previous example, the path information corresponding to measurement information #42 and reported by the first device indicates a low probability that path #42 corresponding to measurement information #42 is a LOS path, for example, it may be 10%. By performing positioning based on measurement information #42, the location management device can assign a small weight to measurement information #42 (or decide not to use the measurement information for positioning), and the measurement information has little impact on a given location of terminal device #5, thus improving positioning accuracy.

[100] In Figure 3A, for example, terminal unit #5 receives reference signals from a plurality of base stations. In a scenario to which this modality of this request applies, there may be a base station that sends a signal of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 52 / 142 41 / 109 reference for terminal device #5.

[101] Figure 3B shows an example of a network architecture diagram of another communication system, according to one embodiment of this request. As shown in Figure 3B, the communication system includes a network device (for example, the network device is a base station in Figure 3B) and a terminal device. A difference between Figure 3A and Figure 3B lies in:

[102] In Figure 3A, descriptions are given using an example where a terminal device #5 measures a reference signal from a base station, and terminal device #5 reports measurement information and path information to a location management device. In the scenario shown in Figure 3B, a terminal device #5 can send a reference signal, and a base station #1, a base station #2, a base station #3, and a base station #4 can measure the reference signal received from terminal device #5. One or more of the base stations #1, #2, #3, and #4 can be considered as a first device, and the first device (e.g., base station #4) measures the received reference signal to obtain measurement information and path information, and reports the measurement information and path information to a location management device.Next, the location management device returns information to the first device (e.g., base station #4) indicating the accuracy of the route information, to help the first device (e.g., base station #4) improve route identification performance and more accurately determine the probability of a route matching the measurement information being a LOS route and / or an NLOS route. Other content in Figure 3C is similar to that in Figure 3A. Details are not described again.

[103] In Figure 3B, for example, the plurality of stations Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 53 / 142 42 / 109 base receives the reference signal from terminal device #5. In an application scenario in this embodiment of this application, the reference signal from terminal device #5 is received and measured, and there may be a base station that reports measurement information and path information.

[104] Figure 3C shows an example of a network architecture diagram of another communication system, according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3C, the communication system includes a terminal device, and the terminal device can be the terminal device or the chip (system) in the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C and Figure 2D.

[105] A difference between Figure 3A and Figure 3C may include: In the scenario shown in Figure 3C, a reference signal is transmitted between terminal devices. In this scenario, a terminal device #5 can receive reference signals from a terminal device #1, a terminal device #2, a terminal device #3, and a terminal device #4. Terminal device #5 can be considered a first device. Terminal device #5 measures the received reference signal to obtain measurement information and path information, and reports the measurement information and path information to a location management device.Next, the location management device returns information to terminal unit #5 indicating the accuracy of the route information, to help the base station improve route identification performance and more accurately determine the probability of a route matching the measurement information being a LOS route and / or an NLOS route.

[106] The remainder of the content of Figure 3C is similar to that of Figure 3A. Details are not described again. In Figure 3C, for example, terminal device #5 receives reference signals from a plurality of terminal devices. In a scenario Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 54 / 142 43 / 109 of application in this modality of this request, there may also be a terminal device that sends a reference signal to terminal device #5.

[107] Figure 3D shows an example of a network architecture diagram of another communication system, according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3D, the communication system includes a terminal device, and the terminal device can be the terminal device or the chip (system) in the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C and Figure 2D.

[108] A difference between Figure 3A and Figure 3D includes the following content: In the scenario shown in Figure 3D, a reference signal is transmitted between terminal devices. In this scenario, a terminal device #5 can send a reference signal, and a terminal device #1, a terminal device #2, a terminal device #3, and a terminal device #4 can measure the reference signal received from terminal device #5.One or more of terminal devices #1, #2, #3, and #4 can be considered as a first device, and the first device (e.g., terminal device #4) measures the received reference signal to obtain measurement information and path information, and reports the measurement information and path information to a location management device, and then the location management device returns to the first device (e.g., terminal device #4) information indicating the accuracy of the path information, to assist the first device (e.g., terminal device #4) in improving path identification performance and more accurately determining the probability that a path matching the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path.

[109] Other contents in Figure 3C are similar to those in Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 55 / 142 44 / 109 Figure 3A. Details are not described again. In Figure 3D, for example, the plurality of terminal devices receives the reference signal from terminal device #5. In an application scenario in this embodiment of this application, the reference signal from terminal device #5 is received and measured, and there may be a terminal device that reports measurement information and path information.

[110] Based on the modalities shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C and Figure 3D, and the previous content, Figure 4 shows an example of a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to a modality of this request. To facilitate understanding of this request, descriptions are provided through the interaction between a first device, a second device and a location management device in Figure 4.

[111] The first device and the second device in this embodiment of this application may be the network device, the chip (system) in the network device, the terminal device, or the chip (system) in the terminal device in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C, and Figure 3D. For example, where the first device may be the terminal device or the chip (system) in the terminal device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C, and Figure 3D, the second device may be the terminal device, the chip (system) in the terminal device, the network device, or the chip (system) in the network device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C, and Figure 3D.When the first device can be the network device or the chip (system) on the network shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C and Figure 3D, the second device can be the terminal device, the chip (system) on the terminal device, the... Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 56 / 142 45 / 109 network device or the chip (system) in the network device shown in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C and Figure 3D.

[112] The location management device in this embodiment of this application may be a device with a positioning function or a chip (system) in the device with a positioning function. For example, the location management device may be the location management device or a chip (system) in the location management device in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C and Figure 3D. For example, the location management device may include one or more of the following: an LMF, an LMC or an LLMF. In another example, the location management device may be the network device, the chip (system) in the network device, the terminal device or the chip (system) in the terminal device in Figure 1, Figure 2A, Figure 2B, Figure 2C, Figure 2D, Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C and Figure 3D.

[113] As shown in Figure 4, the method includes one or more of steps 401, 402 and 403.

[114] Step 401: A second device sends a reference signal.

[115] A first device receives the reference signal from the second device.

[116] In this embodiment of this application, the first device may receive a reference signal from a second device, or it may receive reference signals from a plurality of second devices.

[117] The solution provided in Figure 4 can be applied to Figure 3A, Figure 3B, Figure 3C or Figure 3D.

[118] For example, the first device may be terminal device #5 in Figure 3A, and base station #1, base station #2, base station #3 and base station #4 in Figure 3A may be Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 57 / 142 46 / 109 all referred to as second devices. There may be one or more second devices. The reference signal sent by the second device may include, for example, a PRS.

[119] As another example, the second device could be terminal device #5 in Figure 3B, and the first device could be any of the base stations #1, #2, #3, or #4 in Figure 3B. There may be one or more second devices (for example, the first device may receive reference signals from a plurality of terminal devices, and the plurality of terminal devices includes terminal device #5). The reference signal sent by the second device may include, for example, an SRS.

[120] In another example, the first device could be terminal device #5 in Figure 3C, and terminal device #1, terminal device #2, terminal device #3, and terminal device #4 in Figure 3C could all be referred to as second devices. There may be one or more second devices. In another example, the second device could be terminal device #5 in Figure 3D, and the first device could be any of the terminal devices #1, #2, #3, or #4 in Figure 3D. There may be one or more second devices (for example, the first device could receive reference signals from a plurality of terminal devices, and the plurality of terminal devices includes terminal device #5).

[121] Step 402: The first device sends at least a piece of initial information.

[122] A location management device can receive at least a piece of initial information from the first device.

[123] In this modality of this request, the information sent by the first device, which includes measurement information, is called initial information, and the first device may send one or more pieces of initial information to the Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 58 / 142 47 / 109 Location management device. At least one piece of first information is used for positioning. For example, the location management device can determine the location information of the first device or the second device based on at least one piece of first information. For example, the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device, or the first device is a network device and the second device is a terminal device. The location management device can determine the location of the terminal device based on the known location information of the network device and at least one piece of first information.In another example, both the first device and the second device are terminal devices: the location management device can determine the location of the first device based on the known location of the second device and at least one piece of first information; or the location management device can determine the location of the second device based on the known location of the first device and at least one piece of first information; or the location management device can determine a relative location between the first device and the second device based on at least one piece of first information, for example, it can determine information such as the distance between the first device and the second device.

[124] In this embodiment of this application, the first device may report at least one piece of initial information to the location management device. The initial information reported by the first device may include A1 information and A2 information. A1 information is measurement information, and A2 information is route information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 59 / 142 48 / 109

[125] Information A1: measurement information

[126] Measurement information indicates a measurement result of a reference signal. Measurement information may include a value of a measurement parameter, the measurement parameter may also be referred to as a measurement parameter corresponding to the measurement information, and the measurement parameter may be associated with a positioning technology. In this embodiment of this application, the measurement parameter may include, for example, at least one of the following: AOA, TOA, AOD or phase.

[127] When the first device reports a plurality of first information pieces to the location management device, the measurement parameters corresponding to the measurement information included in any two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces may be the same. Alternatively, the measurement parameters corresponding to the measurement information included in any two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces may be different. For example, if the measurement information included in a first information piece in the plurality of first information pieces is an AOA value, it may also be understood that a measurement parameter corresponding to the measurement information is an AOA.If the measurement information included in another piece of initial information within the plurality of pieces of initial information includes a value for at least one of a TOA, an AOD, or a phase, it can also be understood that a measurement parameter corresponding to the measurement information includes at least one of a TOA, an AOD, or a phase.

[128] For example, when the first device is a network device, the second device is a first terminal device, and the measurement information may indicate a measurement result. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 60 / 142 49 / 109 obtained by the network device measuring a reference signal from the first terminal device. In another example, when the first device is a first terminal device, the second device may be a network device, and the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained by the first terminal device measuring a reference signal from the network device. In another example, when the first device is a first terminal device, the second device may be a second terminal device, and the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained by the first terminal device measuring a reference signal from the second terminal device.

[129] Information A2: route information

[130] In this embodiment of this request, path information may indicate the probability that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and / or an NLOS path. A specific meaning includes: path information may indicate the probability that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path; or path information may indicate the probability that a path corresponding to the measurement information is an NLOS path; or path information may indicate the probability that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path and the probability that the path is an NLOS path.

[131] In this embodiment of this application, the reference signal can be transmitted from the second device to the first device through a plurality of channels. A channel can include a plurality of paths, and the plurality of paths can include a LOS path and an NLOS path. The first device receives the reference signal, can select a path of the reference signal for measurement, and obtain measurement information based on a measurement result. The path can also be called the information-corresponding path. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 61 / 142 50 / 109 measurement.

[132] In a reference signal measurement process, the first device may select a path according to some principles. For example, the first device may select a path with high energy of the reference signal for measurement in order to obtain measurement information, or the first device may select a path with minimum delay for measurement in order to obtain measurement information. In a reference signal measurement process, the first device selects a path according to these principles to obtain a LOS path through measurement. However, in a real scenario, the path measured by the first device may be a LOS path or an NLOS path (for example, in the example in Figure 3A, a path with the highest energy of the reference signal received by terminal device #5 from base station #4 may be a path #42, and path #42 is an NLOS path).

[133] In this embodiment of this application, at least one piece of initial information may include measurement information and path information, and the measurement information and path information may be considered as information with an association relationship. Path information may indicate a probability (probability may also be replaced by a likelihood, a possibility, or the like) that a path corresponding to the measurement information associated with the path information is a LOS path. Path information may also indicate a probability (probability may also be replaced by a likelihood, a possibility, or the like) that a path corresponding to the measurement information associated with the path information is an NLOS path. Path information may also indicate a probability (probability may also be replaced by a likelihood, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 62 / 142 51 / 109 a possibility (or similar) that a path corresponding to the measurement information associated with the path information is an NLOS path, and a probability (the probability can also be replaced by a probability, a possibility, or similar) that the path is a LOS path. In this embodiment of this request, the measurement information and the path information that have an association relationship can be sent separately using two messages or can be transmitted using a single message.

[134] In one possible implementation, path information includes information indicating a likelihood of a path corresponding to the measurement information being a LOS path and / or an NLOS path, and the information may include a probability value and / or a likelihood value. For example, if the likelihood of a path corresponding to the measurement information being a LOS path is high, the information may be a biased value towards 1, for example, 0.9. In another example, if the likelihood of a path corresponding to the measurement information being an NLOS path is high, the information may be a biased value towards 0, for example, 0.2.

[135] A first-side device can determine, using some solutions, the path information associated with the measurement information. These solutions include, for example, one or more of the following: energy consistency detection, channel feature analysis, or machine learning. Descriptions are provided separately below using Examples 1, 2, and 3.

[136] Example 1: For an example of an energy consistency detection solution, for example, the first device includes a plurality of antennas, and the first device receives the signal Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 63 / 142 52 / 109 reference from the second device through the plurality of antennas. For a reference signal path, if the energy of the signals corresponding to the path received through the plurality of antennas tends to be consistent, it can be determined that the likelihood of the path being a LOS path is greater; or if the energy of the signals corresponding to the path received through the plurality of antennas differs significantly, it can be determined that the likelihood of the path being an NLOS path is greater.

[137] Example 2: For a channel feature analysis solution, the first device receives the reference signal from the second device and measures the reference signal. For a path of the reference signal, the first device can obtain, through measurement, some channel parameters (e.g., a ke factor / or a delay dispersion channel parameter, where the k factor can be understood as a ratio between the energy of a LOS path / first path and the energy of an NLOS path) of the path and then input these channel parameters into a predefined calculation model or detection model. A result can be entered into the calculation model or detection model, and the result can indicate the likelihood of the path being an NLOS path and / or an LOS path.

[138] Example 3: For an example of a machine learning solution, the first device can obtain a model, obtained by training on some channel data. The first device receives the reference signal from the second device and measures the reference signal. For a path of the reference signal, the first device can measure some channel data of the path and then feed the channel data into the model. A result can be fed into the model, and the result can indicate the likelihood of the path being an NLOS path and / or an LOS path. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 64 / 142 53 / 109

[139] Step 403: The location management device sends second information.

[140] Correspondingly, the first device receives the second piece of information.

[141] Second information can indicate the accuracy of route information in one or more pieces of first information in at least one piece of first information.

[142] It can be learned from the preceding content that, when reporting measurement information, the first device may also report path information corresponding to the measurement information, wherein the path information may indicate a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS / NLOS path. Path information may assist the location management device in positioning, and path information may improve the positioning accuracy of the location management device. For example, the location management device may receive information indicating a likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS / NLOS path and then assign a weight to the measurement information (or may not use the measurement information obtained based on an NLOS path), thus improving positioning accuracy.

[143] In a real-world application, the route information reported by the first device may also be inaccurate, resulting in low positioning accuracy. However, if an operating system corresponding to the route information reported by the first device is an open-loop system, that is, after the first device reports at least a piece of initial information, the first device will not be able to receive, from the location management device, the second piece of information indicating the accuracy of the route information. Therefore, the first device will not be able to detect the accuracy of the Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 65 / 142 54 / 109 route information identified by the first device and you will not be able to adjust or improve the route identification algorithm of the first device. Furthermore, when the location management device performs positioning based on route information with a deviation, it is difficult to guarantee positioning accuracy.

[144] Based on this, in the solution provided in this embodiment of this application, the location management device can send the second information to the first device, and the second information can indicate the accuracy of the path information, so that the second information can assist the first device in identifying a channel environment, enhancing a path identification solution based on a current channel environment and improving path identification performance. The first device can more accurately determine the likelihood of the path corresponding to the measurement information being a LOS path and / or an NLOS path, thus improving positioning performance.

[145] In this embodiment of this application, there may be one or more devices that report measurement information to the location management device. For a device that reports both measurement and route information, the location management device may provide feedback to the device with information indicating the accuracy of the route information. For example, in the previous solution in Figure 3B, the location management device may receive and obtain measurement information reported by base station #1, base station #2, base station #3, and base station #4, and the location management device may verify the route information from each base station and provide feedback indicating the accuracy of the route information from the base station to the base station, to assist the base station in improving or adjusting a route identification algorithm, thereby improving the accuracy of the Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 66 / 142 55 / 109 subsequent path identification and positioning accuracy. For a related solution, see the related content in which the location management device feeds back the second piece of information to the first device in Figure 4. Details are not described again.

[146] In this embodiment of this application, the first information can be obtained by the first device based on the reference signal. The following describes respectively, using a parameter B1, a parameter B2, a parameter B3, a parameter B4 and a parameter B5, a device for sending the reference signal on which the first information is based, identification information of the reference signal on which the first information is based, the time corresponding to the first information, a time range corresponding to the first information and a measurement parameter corresponding to the first information.

[147] Parameter B1: device for sending the reference signal on which the first information is based

[148] In this embodiment of this application, the reference signal sending device is referred to as the second device. The reference signal sending device on which the first information is based (or referred to as the second device) may also be understood as that in which the sending device sends the reference signal, and the first device measures the reference signal to obtain a measurement result in the first information (or understood as that in which the first device obtains the first information based on the reference signal).

[149] In this embodiment of this application, the first device may receive a plurality of reference signals from a second device, in order to obtain at least one piece of first information. Alternatively, the first device may receive a plurality of reference signals from a plurality of second devices, in order to obtain at least one Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 67 / 142 56 / 109 piece of initial information. It can also be understood that a plurality of second devices, corresponding to a plurality of pieces of initial information in this modality of this request, may be the same or different.

[150] The first device can measure a reference signal from the second device to obtain a piece of first information. Alternatively, the first device can measure a plurality of reference signals from the second device to obtain a plurality of pieces of first information.

[151] Parameter B2: identification information of the reference signal on which the first information is based

[152] In this embodiment of this application, the reference signal may include identifying information, and the identifying information identifies the reference signal. In this embodiment of this application, the identifying information of the reference signal may include, for example, identifying information of a resource of the reference signal and / or identifying information of the resource set of the reference signal. For example, the reference signal includes a PRS, and the identifying information of the reference signal may include a PRS resource identifier (identifier, ID) and / or a PRS resource set ID. In another example, the reference signal includes an SRS, and the identifying information of the reference signal may include an SRS resource identifier (identifier, ID) and / or an SRS resource set ID.

[153] The first device may receive reference signals from one or more second devices, and the first device may also obtain identification information from the reference signals, for example, identification information from the reference signal received by the first device from the second device, or consult identification information from the reference signals from configuration information, or Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 68 / 142 57 / 109 determine identification information for reference signs from predefined information.

[154] In this embodiment of this application, the identification information for the plurality of reference signals received by the first device may be different. For example, the identification information for at least two reference signals may be different. Some or all of the identification information for the plurality of reference signals may also be the same.

[155] Parameter B3: time corresponding to the first information

[156] In this embodiment of this application, the time corresponding to the first information may include one of the following: time at which the first device measures the reference signal to obtain the measurement information, time at which the first device measures the reference signal, time at which the reference signal is sent, time at which the reference signal is received, time at which the first device sends the first information or similar.

[157] The time information in this modality of this application may include information that can indicate the time, for example, it may include information about the hour, minute and second, or it may include information about a system frame number, or it may include information about a slot.

[158] In this modality of this request, the time corresponding to two pieces of initial information in at least one piece of initial information may be the same or different.

[159] Parameter B4: time range corresponding to the first information

[160] In this modality of this request, the time range corresponding to the first information may be a time range defined by the first device for the first information, or it may be a time range defined by the location management device for the first information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 69 / 142 58 / 109 information. A time range defined by the location management device or the first device may include the time corresponding to the first information, or it may be understood that the time range is determined based on the time corresponding to the first information.

[161] For example, the time range corresponding to the first information may include the time at which the first device measures the reference signal to obtain the measurement information in the first information. For example, the time at which the first device obtains three pieces of measurement information is, respectively, a first slot in a system frame 1, a fifth slot in a system frame 2, and an eighth slot in a system frame 3, and the time range includes a time range determined based on the time of a plurality of pieces of measurement information. For example, the time range is from the first slot in a system frame 1 to an eighth slot in a system frame 3.

[162] For example, the time at which the first device obtains three pieces of measurement information corresponds, respectively, to a first slot, a fifth slot and an eighth slot, and the time range includes a time range determined based on the time of a plurality of pieces of measurement information. For example, the time range corresponds to a time range between the first and the eighth slot.

[163] In another example, the time at which the first device obtains three pieces of measurement information is, respectively, 8:05:20, 8:05:22 and 8:05:25, and the time range includes a time range determined based on the time of a plurality of pieces of measurement information. For example, the time range is from 8:05:20 to 8:05:25.

[164] In another example, the time range corresponding to the first information may include the time during which the first device measures a plurality of reference signals from the second. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 70 / 142 59 / 109 device, and the time range can be determined based on the time (one or more times) at which the first device measures the plurality of reference signals from the second device. In another example, the time range corresponding to the first information may include the time at which the first device sends the first information, and the time range can be determined based on the time (one or more times) at which the first device sends the first information. In another example, the time range corresponding to the first information may include the time of sending the reference signal corresponding to the first information, and the time range can be determined based on the time of sending the reference signal (one or more times) corresponding to the first information.In another example, the time range corresponding to the first information may include a reception time of the reference signal corresponding to the first information, and the time range may be determined based on the reception time of the reference signal (one or more times) corresponding to the first information. For related examples, see the previous descriptions. Details are not described again.

[165] The specific way of determining the time range mentioned above is an example. In a real application, the time range can be determined flexibly based on the time involved in at least one piece of early information.

[166] Parameter B5: measurement parameter corresponding to the first information

[167] In this embodiment of this application, the measurement information in the initial information indicates a measurement result obtained by the first instrument by measuring the reference signal, and the measurement result may include a value of a measurement parameter. The measurement parameter may be flexibly defined. For related content, see the previous descriptions. Details are not described. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 71 / 142 60 / 109 again.

[168] In one possible implementation, the second information may include indication information, and the indication information indicates that the second information has an association relationship with one or more pieces of first information in at least one piece of first information.

[169] In one possible implementation, a plurality of first-information pieces associated with second-information pieces may also be referred to as a first-information group, or may be referred to as a plurality of first-information pieces corresponding to a group of measurement results. It may also be understood that a second-information piece may indicate the accuracy of the route information in some or all of at least one first-information piece. The location management device may also feed back a plurality of second-information pieces to the first device. Each of the plurality of second-information pieces may be associated with some or all of at least one first-information piece. Two first-information pieces associated with two second-information pieces may or may not have an intersection.In this embodiment of this request, a piece of secondary information is used as an example for description. When there is a plurality of pieces of secondary information, for related implementations of other pieces of secondary information, see the related content of secondary information in this embodiment of this request. Details are not described again.

[170] After the first device reports at least a piece of initial information, the location management device needs a specific amount of time to generate the second piece of information. Before the location management device feeds the second piece of information back to the first device, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 72 / 142 61 / 109 After sending at least one piece of initial information, the first device can send other measurement information and route information. Therefore, the location management device can indicate to the first device, using the indication information, the initial information (e.g., the initial information within a time range or the initial information corresponding to a second device (e.g., a base station)) to which the second information is associated, so that the first device can determine that the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information in specific initial information, to more adequately determine, through analysis, whether a route identification solution needs to be improved and how to improve the route identification solution.

[171] In one possible implementation, the indication information includes at least one of the following contents of one or more pieces of first information (or understood as first information associated with second information): identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which the first information is based; identification information of a reference signal on which the first information is based; time information corresponding to the first information; time range information corresponding to the first information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the first information.

[172] For example, indication information may include identification information for one or more secondary devices. It may also be understood that indication information includes identification information for the secondary device, corresponding to the first information that has an association relationship with the secondary information. The identification information for the secondary device is information that may Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 73 / 142 62 / 109 identify the second device. For example, when the second device is a base station, the identification information for the second device may be a transmission reception point (TRP) ID, a PRS ID, and a physical cell identifier (PCI). The PRS ID is different from a previously related PRS resource ID, and the PRS ID is also different from a previously related PRS resource set ID. The PRS resource ID and / or resource set ID can be considered as the identification information for the reference signal, and the PRS ID can be considered as the identification information for the second device. In another example, when the second device is a terminal device, an identifier for the second device may be a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI).In this implementation, the location management device can evaluate route information based on first information corresponding to one or more specified second devices, so that the first device can determine, based on the second information, whether the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information corresponding to a reference signal transmitted between the first device and a specific second device, and then determine, through analysis based on the second information, whether a route identification solution of the reference signal transmitted between the first device and the second device needs to be improved, such as improving the route identification solution and the like.

[173] In another example, indication information may include identification information for one or more reference signs. It can also be understood that indication information includes identification information for the reference sign corresponding to the first piece of information that has an association relationship with the second piece of information. In this Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 74 / 142 63 / 109 implementation, the location management device can evaluate route information corresponding to one or more specified reference signals, so that the first device can determine, based on the second information, whether the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information corresponding to a specific reference signal transmitted between the first device and the second device, and then determine, through analysis based on the second information, whether a route identification solution of the reference signal transmitted between the first device and the second device needs to be improved, such as improving the route identification solution and the like.

[174] In another example, the indication information may include one or more pieces of time information, and the time information included in the indication information may indicate the time corresponding to one or more pieces of first information. It may also be understood that the indication information includes time information corresponding to the first information, which has an associative relationship with the second information.In this implementation, the location management device can evaluate route information based on initial data corresponding to the same time or multiple specified times, so that the first device can determine, based on the second data, whether the route information indicates the accuracy of the initial data corresponding to a specific time and then determine, through analysis based on the second data, whether a route identification solution of the first device needs to be improved, such as improving the route identification solution and the like.

[175] In another example, the indication information may include one or more pieces of time range information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 75 / 142 64 / 109 It can also be understood that the indication information includes time-range information corresponding to the first information that has an association relationship with the second information. In this implementation, the location management device can evaluate route information in first information corresponding to the same time range or several specified time ranges, so that the first device can determine, based on the second information, whether the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information in a plurality of first information pieces (or a single first information piece) within a specific time range, and then determine, through analysis based on the second information, whether a route identification solution of the first device needs to be improved, such as improving the route identification solution and the like.

[176] In another example, the indication information may include one or more pieces of measurement parameter information. It can also be understood that the indication information includes measurement parameter information corresponding to the first piece of information that has an association relationship with the second piece of information. In this implementation, the location management device can evaluate path information in the first piece of information corresponding to one or more measurement parameters, to obtain the accuracy of the path information in a measurement parameter dimension, so that the first device can determine, from the measurement parameter dimension, whether a path identification solution of the first device needs to be improved.

[177] In another possible implementation, the indication information indicates that when the second piece of information has an association relationship with a plurality of pieces of first information, the plurality of pieces of first information Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 76 / 142 65 / 109 meets one or more of the following criteria: Content 1, Content 2, Content 3, and Content 4.

[178] Content 1: The reference signal transmission devices in which the plurality of first information pieces and based are the same, or the reference signal transmission devices in which two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are based are different.

[179] Content 2: Is the time corresponding to the plurality of pieces of first information the same, or is the time corresponding to two pieces of first information in the plurality of pieces of first information different?

[180] Content 3: Are the time slots corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces the same, or are the time slots corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces different?

[181] Content 4: The measurement parameters corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces are the same, or the measurement parameters corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are different.

[182] The location management device can comprehensively consider a plurality of first-information pieces that meet a specific rule (e.g., a plurality of first-information pieces simultaneously, a plurality of first-information pieces including different measurement parameters, a plurality of first-information pieces at different times, or first-information pieces corresponding to different second-instrument devices) to determine the accuracy of the route information more precisely. In addition, the location management device feeds back a second-instrument piece. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 77 / 142 66 / 109 information is sent to the first device to indicate the accuracy of a plurality of route information in the plurality of pieces of initial information, so that the number of bits occupied by the information fed back by the location management device can be reduced, thus saving resources.

[183] ​​In one possible implementation, the first information in at least one piece of first information includes one or more of the following contents: time information corresponding to the first information; time range information corresponding to the first information; identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which the first information is based; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the first information. Because the first information includes the information, the location management device can directly obtain the information from the first information, and add the information to the second information, so that the first device determines an association relationship between the second information and the first information and / or the second device.

[184] The following uses Tables 1 and 2 as an example. Table 1 shows an example of the first information sent by the first device. The first example information in Table 1 includes time information. Time information may also be called a time label.

[185] The content of the first row of Table 1 is used as an example. The row content indicates that the first information includes measurement information #1 and the first information also includes time information #1, that is, the time corresponding to measurement information #1 is the time indicated by time information #1. The content of the first row of Table 2 is used as an example. The second information in the row content includes time information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 78 / 142 67 / 109 #1, the second set of information also includes information indicating the accuracy of the route information and the information indicating the accuracy of the route information on the line is correct. The first device can determine, based on the second set of information in the content of the first line of Table 2, that the route information associated with measurement information #1 corresponding to time information #1 is correct. The content of the other lines of Table 1 and Table 2 is similar to that of the first line. Details are not described again. Table 1 Example of initial information Measurement information included in the initial information. Other content included in the initial information. Measurement information #1. Time information #1. Measurement information #2. Time information #2. Measurement information #3. Time information #3. Table 2 Example of secondary information Information included in the second set of information indicating the accuracy of the route information. Time information #1 Correct. Time information #2 Incorrect. Time information #3 Incorrect.

[186] The following uses Tables 3 and 4 as further examples. Table 3 shows an example of the first information sent by the first device. The first example information in Table 3 includes time information and a base station identifier. The time information may also be called a time label, and the base station identifier may be understood as identifying information for a device sending a reference signal on which the first information is based.

[187] The content of the first line of Table 3 is used as Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 79 / 142 68 / 109 an example. The line content indicates that the first information includes measurement information #1, and the first information also includes time information #1 and an identifier for a base station #1, that is, the time corresponding to measurement information #1 is the time indicated by time information #1, and the device sending the reference signal on which the measurement information is based is base station #1. The content of the first line of Table 4 is used as an example. The second information in the line content includes time information #1 and an identifier for a base station #1, the second information also includes information indicating the accuracy of the route information, and the information indicating the accuracy of the route information on the line is correct.The first device can determine, based on the second piece of information in the first row of Table 4, that the route information associated with measurement information #1, corresponding to time information #1 and base station identifier #1, is correct. The content of the other rows in Table 3 and Table 4 is similar to that of the first row. Details are not described again. Table 3 Example of initial information Measurement information included in the initial information. Other content included in the initial information. Measurement information #1: Time information #1 and base station identifier #1. Measurement information #2: Time information #2 and base station identifier #2. Measurement information #3: Time information #3 and base station identifier #1. Table 4 Example of secondary information Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 80 / 142 69 / 109 Indicative information included in the second information. Information included in the second information that indicates the accuracy of the route information. Time information #1 and base station identifier #1 Correct. Time information #2 and base station identifier #2 Incorrect. Time information #3 and base station identifier #1 Incorrect.

[188] The indication information in this modality of this application may also include one or more pieces of time information, time range information, or second device identification information. The related content is similar to the previous content. Details are not described again.

[189] In this embodiment of this application, the second information may include information indicating the accuracy of the route information. The information indicating the accuracy of the route information indicates the accuracy of the route information in one or more pieces of first information (or referred to as one or more pieces of first information associated with the second information) in at least one piece of first information. The information indicating the accuracy of the route information may be implemented in several ways. Descriptions are provided below using examples in Implementation C1, Implementation C2, Implementation C3, Implementation C4, C5 Implementation, C6 Implementation, C7 Implementation Implementation C8, Implementation C9, Implementation C10, Implementation C11, Implementation C12, Implementation C13, Implementation C14, and Implementation C15. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 81 / 142 70 / 109

[190] C1 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating correct route information or information indicating incorrect route information.

[191] In the C1 implementation, in one possible example, the information indicating the accuracy of the path information may include information carried in one or more bits.

[192] For example, if a port bit is 0, it can be understood that the information in the bit indicates that the path information is correct. In another example, if the port bit is 1, it can be understood that the information in the bit indicates that the path information is incorrect.

[193] Table 5 shows a possible example of correspondence between the first information and the second information below. In the example shown in Table 5, the location management device feeds back a plurality of pieces of second information to the first device, where each piece of second information may include information indicating correct route information or information indicating incorrect route information.

[194] The content of the first line of Table 5 is used as an example. The line content indicates that the first information includes measurement information #1 and path information #1, and the second information associated with the first information includes correct. The first device can determine that path information #1 is correct. The content of the other lines of Table 5 is similar to that of the first line. Details are not described again. Table 5 Example of correspondence between the first piece of information and the second piece of information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 82 / 142 71 / 109 Information included in the first information Information included in the second information Measurement information #1 and route information #1 Correct Measurement information #2 and route information #2 Incorrect Measurement information #3 and route information #3 Incorrect

[195] In this form of the request, correct can also be replaced by another word, for example, success, successful verification, good quality or relatively good quality. In this form of the request, incorrect can also be replaced by another word, for example, wrong, failed, failed verification, poor quality or relatively poor quality.

[196] After receiving information indicating the correct or incorrect route, the first device can determine whether the route information in one or more pieces of first information (or so-called first information associated with second information) is correct or incorrect. In this solution, since the location management device needs to determine correct or incorrect route information, the complexity of a required algorithm is low. Therefore, in a scenario with a large number of users on a network, the network computing load can be reduced.

[197] C2 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of the route information includes information indicating a probability of correctness of the route information.

[198] Information indicating a probability of correctness of the path information may include a probability value or a likelihood value. For example, information indicating a probability of correctness of the path information may be a value between 0 and 1 and may Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 83 / 142 72 / 109 can be expressed as a percentage, for example, 90%, indicating that the probability of the route information being correct is 90%.

[199] Information indicating a probability of correctness of route information may also be an index value. For example, the location management device and the first device include a predefined table (or a predefined association relation), the predefined table (or the predefined association relation) includes an association relation between a probability value (or a likelihood value) and an index value, and the index value contained in the second piece of information may indicate a probability value corresponding to the index value.

[200] After receiving the information contained in the second information, which indicates a probability of correctness of the route information, the first device can determine the probability of correctness of the route information in one or more pieces of first information (or so-called first information associated with the second information). In this way, the first device can more accurately determine the degree of correctness of the route information, thus helping the first device to improve a route identification solution.

[201] When second pieces of information are associated with a plurality of first pieces of information, a probability indicated by the information carried in the second pieces of information and indicating the probability of correctness of the path information may include a probability of correctness of one or more pieces of path information in the plurality of first pieces of information, or an average value of the probabilities of correctness of a plurality of pieces of path information in the plurality of first pieces of information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 84 / 142 73 / 109

[202] C3 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating a probability of route information being incorrect.

[203] Information indicating a probability of incorrect route information may include a probability value or a likelihood value. For example, information indicating a probability of incorrect route information may be a value between 0 and 1 and may be in the form of a percentage, for example, 10%, indicating that the probability of incorrect route information is 10%.

[204] Implementation C3 is similar to Implementation C2, with the difference that the information indicating the accuracy of the route information includes information indicating a probability of incorrectness of the route information. For a related implementation, see the content of Implementation C2. Details are not described again.

[205] C4 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating an error in route information.

[206] The location management device can determine the error in the route information and then indicate the error to the first device. The error may also be referred to as a verification error.

[207] For example, the route information sent by the first device indicates that the likelihood of a route corresponding to the first information being a LOS route is 90%. After verification by the location management device, the likelihood of the route corresponding to the first information being a LOS route is 75%. In this case, the location management device may return an error (15%) of the route information to the first device. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 85 / 142 74 / 109

[208] After receiving the information contained in the second information and indicating the error in the route information, the first device can determine the accuracy of the route information in one or more pieces of first information (or referred to as first information associated with second information). A larger error indicated by the second information indicates lower accuracy of the route information, and a smaller error indicated by the second information indicates higher accuracy of the route information. In this way, the first device can more accurately determine the error in the route information, thus helping the first device to improve a route identification solution.

[209] When second information is associated with a plurality of first information pieces, an error indicated by the information carried in the second information and indicating the error of the path information may include an error of one or more path information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces, or an average value of errors of a plurality of path information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces.

[210] C5 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating a proportion of correct route information in a plurality of route information pieces in a plurality of first information pieces.

[211] For example, the first device reports the plurality of first pieces of information, and the location management device collects statistics on a quantity of correct route information in the plurality of first pieces of information, to obtain a proportion of correct route information.

[212] The information indicating the proportion of information of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 86 / 142 75 / 109 correct path in the plurality of pieces of path information in the plurality of pieces of first information can be a ratio value, and the ratio value is a proportion of the correct path information in the plurality of pieces of path information in the plurality of pieces of first information.

[213] Table 6 shows a possible example of correspondence between first-second and second-second information below. In the example shown in Table 6, the location management device feeds back second-second information to the first device, where the second-second information is associated with three pieces of first-first information. The first device can determine that the proportion of correct route information in route information #1, #2, and #3 is 33.3%. A proportion of correct route information can also be called a correction rate. Table 6 Example of correspondence between the first piece of information and the second piece of information. Information included in the first information Information included in the second information Measurement information #1 and route information #1 33.3% correct route information ratio Measurement information #2 and route information #2 Measurement information #3 and route information #3

[214] C6 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of path information includes information indicating a proportion of incorrect path information in a plurality of path information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces.

[215] For example, the first device reports the plurality of pieces of initial information, and the device of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 87 / 142 76 / 109 location management collects statistics on a quantity of incorrect route information across multiple pieces of initial information, in order to obtain a proportion of incorrect route information.

[216] Implementation C6 is similar to Implementation C5, with the difference that the information indicating the accuracy of the path information includes information indicating the proportion of incorrect path information in the plurality of path information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces. For a related implementation, see the content of Implementation C5. Details are not described again.

[217] Implementation C7: Information indicating the accuracy of path information includes information indicating a proportion of path information whose correctness probabilities are greater than a first probability threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces.

[218] For example, the first device reports the plurality of first pieces of information, and the location management device collects statistics on route information whose probabilities of correction are greater than the first probability threshold in the plurality of first pieces of information, to obtain a proportion of the route information whose probabilities of correction are greater than the first probability threshold.

[219] Implementation C7 is similar to Implementation C5, with the difference that the information indicating the accuracy of the path information includes information indicating the proportion of path information whose probabilities of correctness are greater than the first probability threshold in the plurality of path information pieces in the plurality of parts of the first information. For an implementation Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 88 / 142 77 / 109 related, see Implementation C5 content. Details are not described again.

[220] C8 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of path information includes information indicating a proportion of path information whose errors are less than a first error threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces.

[221] For example, the first device reports the plurality of first pieces of information, and the location management device collects statistics on route information whose errors are less than the first error threshold in the plurality of first pieces of information, to obtain a proportion of route information whose errors are less than the first error threshold.

[222] Implementation C8 is similar to Implementation C5, with the difference that the information indicating the accuracy of the path information includes information indicating the proportion of path information whose errors are less than the first error threshold in the plurality of path information pieces in the plurality of parts of the first information. For a related implementation, see the content of Implementation C5. Details are not described again.

[223] C9 Implementation: The information indicating the accuracy of the path information includes information indicating that a location obtained based on the first information in at least one piece of first information is successful, or information indicating that a location obtained based on the first information in at least one piece of first information fails.

[224] In this modality of this application, the location management device can obtain, based on the first Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 89 / 142 78 / 109 information, the location of a device (which may be the first or second device) that needs to be positioned. The location management device can verify the location. If the verification is successful, it can be understood that the location is accurate. If the verification fails, it can be understood that the location is inaccurate.

[225] In this embodiment of this application, the fact that the location management device obtains, based on the initial information, the location of the device that needs to be positioned means that the location management device determines, based on at least the initial information, the location of the device that needs to be positioned (it may determine one or more locations of the device). The at least one piece of initial information may be a piece of initial information or may include a piece of initial information and other measurement information. For example, the location management device determines a location #1 of the device based on initial information #1, and the location management device determines a location #2 of the device based on initial information #1 and measurement information #2.Both location #1 and location #2 can be referred to as the location of the device that needs to be positioned and which is obtained based on the initial information.

[226] The location management device can verify the location by means of a plurality of methods. For example, the location management device obtains a specific location of the device to be positioned (for a method of obtaining the specific location, see the previous content. Details will not be described again) and compares the specific location with the location obtained based on the first information. If the distance is small (for example, if the distance is less than a distance threshold) Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 90 / 142 If the distance is 79 / 109 (predefined), it can be understood that the verification was successful. If the distance is large (for example, if the distance is not less than a predefined distance threshold), it can be understood that the verification failed.

[227] In one possible example, the information indicating the accuracy of the path information may include information contained in one or more bits. For example, if a bit contains 0, it can be understood that the information in the bit indicates that the verification of a location obtained based on the first information was successful. In another example, if the bit contains 1, it can be understood that the information in the bit indicates that the verification of a location obtained based on the first information failed.

[228] After receiving information indicating whether location information verification was successful or failed, the first device can determine whether the route information in one or more pieces of first information (or referred to as first information associated with second information) is correct or incorrect. For example, if the route information in the first information indicates that the likelihood of the route corresponding to the first information being a LOS route is high, and location verification obtained based on the first information is successful, the route information is accurate. In another example, if the route information in the first information indicates that the likelihood of the route corresponding to the first information being a LOS route is high, and location verification obtained based on the first information fails, the route information is inaccurate (or referred to as incorrect).In another example, if the route information in the initial data indicates that the likelihood of the route corresponding to the initial data being an NLOS route is high, and the location verification obtained based on the... Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 91 / 142 If the initial 80 / 109 information is successful, the route information is inaccurate (or referred to as incorrect). In another example, if the route information in the initial information indicates that the likelihood of the route corresponding to the initial information being an NLOS route is high, and the location verification obtained based on the initial information fails, the route information is accurate. In this solution, the location management device needs to determine if the location verification was successful. The algorithm is simple and network load can be reduced.

[229] C10 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating a probability that verification of a location obtained based on first information in at least one piece of first information will be successful.

[230] Information indicating a probability of success of location verification obtained based on initial information in at least one piece of initial information may include a probability value or a likelihood value. For example, information indicating a probability of success of location verification obtained based on initial information in at least one piece of initial information may be a value between 0 and 1, and may be in the form of a percentage, for example, 90%, indicating that the probability of success of location verification is 90%.

[231] After receiving information indicating a probability of success in verifying the location information, the first device can determine the accuracy of the route information in the first information associated with the second information. For example, if the route information in the first information indicates that the likelihood of the route corresponding to the first information is a LOS route Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 92 / 142 81 / 109 is high, and the probability of successfully verifying the location obtained based on the initial information is high, meaning the route information is accurate. For related content, see the C2 Implementation content. Details are not described again.

[232] C11 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating a probability that verification of a location obtained based on first information will fail in at least one piece of first information.

[233] Information indicating a probability of failure in location verification obtained based on initial information in at least one piece of initial information may include a probability value or a likelihood value. For example, information indicating a probability of failure in location verification obtained based on initial information in at least one piece of initial information may be a value between 0 and 1 and may be in the form of a percentage, for example, 10%, indicating that the probability of failure in location verification is 10%.

[234] After receiving information indicating the probability of failure in verifying the location information, the first device can determine the accuracy of the route information in the first information associated with the second information. In another example, if the route information in the first information indicates that the likelihood of the route corresponding to the first information being a LOS route is high, and the probability of failure in verifying the location obtained based on the first information is high, the route information is inaccurate (or considered incorrect). The C11 implementation is similar to the C10 implementation. Details are not described again. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 93 / 142 82 / 109

[235] C12 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating an error in a location obtained based on the first information.

[236] For example, the location management device can obtain, based on the initial information, the location of a device (which may be the first or second device) that needs to be positioned. In addition, the location management device can obtain a specific location of the device that needs to be positioned. The specific location may be a location determined by the location management device based on other measurement information, or the specific location may be a location estimated by the location management device, for example, obtained by the location management device through estimation based on a historical location, or the specific location may be obtained by the location management device in another way (for example, the specific location is predefined).The location management device compares the specific location with the location obtained based on the initial information. The distance between the two locations can be understood as the error in the location obtained based on the initial information.

[237] In one possible implementation, the information indicating the error of the location obtained based on the initial information may include a deviation value. In other words, the deviation value indicates the error of the location obtained based on the initial information. For example, a larger deviation value indicates a larger error in the location obtained based on the initial information. In another example, a smaller deviation value indicates a smaller error in the location obtained based on the initial information.

[238] For example, the route information corresponding to measurement information #1 indicates a high likelihood of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 94 / 142 83 / 109 that a path corresponding to measurement information #1 is a LOS path, for example, 95%. The location management device determines, based on measurement information #1, a location #1 of the device (which may be the first device or the second device) that needs to be positioned. The deviation value can indicate a distance between location #1 and the specific location of the device that needs to be positioned. For example, if the distance is 1 meter, it indicates that location #1 is accurate. Therefore, the accuracy of the path information corresponding to measurement information #1 can be high. In this case, a small deviation value can be set, for example, it can be set to 0.1. Alternatively, if the distance is large, for example, the distance is 10 meters, location #1 is inaccurate. Therefore, the accuracy of the route information corresponding to measurement information #1 is low. In this case, a large deviation value can be defined, for example, it can be defined as 1.

[239] In a case where the path information corresponding to the measurement information indicates a high likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path, when the first device receives a deviation value, if the deviation value indicates a high value, it can be understood that the positioning error performed based on the first information associated with the second information is large, and then it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the first information is low, so that a path identification solution can be improved. If the deviation value indicates a low value, it can be understood that the positioning error performed based on the first information associated with the second information is small, and then it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the first information is high. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 95 / 142 84 / 109

[240] In another possible implementation, the information indicating the location error obtained based on the initial information may include a quality value. In other words, the quality value indicates the location error obtained based on the initial information, or the quality value and the deviation value may indicate the location error obtained based on the initial information. The quality value may also indicate the quality of the measurement information. For example, better quality measurement information indicates a smaller error between the location obtained based on the measurement information and the specific location of the device that needs to be positioned. In another example, lower quality measurement information indicates a larger error between the location obtained based on the measurement information and the specific location.

[241] In a case where the path information corresponding to the measurement information indicates a high likelihood that the path corresponding to the measurement information is a LOS path, when the first device receives a quality value, if the quality value indicates a small value, it can be understood that the positioning error performed based on the first information associated with the second information is large, and then it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the first information is low, so that a path identification solution can be improved. If the quality value indicates a large value, it can be understood that the positioning error performed based on the first information associated with the second information is small, and then it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the first information is high.

[242] In this type of request, the information indicating the error between the location obtained based on the first Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 96 / 142 85 / 109 information and the specified location may indicate an error between a location corresponding to a piece of initial information and the specified location, or an average value of a plurality of errors between locations corresponding to a plurality of pieces of initial information and the specified location.

[243] C13 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating a proportion of locations where verification is successful in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of first information.

[244] For example, the first device reports a plurality of pieces of first information, the location management device performs positioning based on the plurality of pieces of first information, to obtain a plurality of locations, and the location management device collects statistics on a number of locations in which verification is successful in the plurality of locations, to obtain a proportion of locations in which verification is successful in the plurality of locations.

[245] After receiving information indicating the proportion of locations where verification is successful in the plurality of locations, the first device can determine the accuracy of the path information in the first information associated with the second information. For example, if the proportion of locations where verification is successful in the plurality of locations is high (e.g., 90%) and the path information in most of the plurality of first information pieces corresponding to the plurality of locations indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first information is a LOS path, the first device determines that the path information in Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 97 / 142 86 / 109 plurality of first information pieces are accurate. For another example, if the proportion of locations where verification is successful in the plurality of locations is low (e.g., 10%) and the path information in most of the plurality of first information pieces corresponding to the plurality of locations indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first information is a LOS path, the first device determines that the path information in the plurality of first information pieces is inaccurate. For related content, see Implementation C5. Details are not described again.

[246] C14 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating a proportion of locations where verification fails in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of first information.

[247] For example, the first device reports a plurality of first pieces of information, the location management device performs positioning based on the plurality of first pieces of information, to obtain a plurality of locations, and the location management device collects statistics on a number of locations in which verification fails in the plurality of locations, to obtain a proportion of locations in which verification fails in the plurality of locations.

[248] After receiving information indicating the proportion of locations where verification fails in the plurality of locations, the first device can determine the accuracy of the route information in the first information associated with the second information. For example, if the proportion of locations where verification fails in the plurality of locations is high (e.g., 90%) and the information of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 98 / 142 87 / 109 path information across most of the plurality of first-information chunks corresponding to the plurality of locations indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first information is a LOS path; therefore, the first device determines that the path information across the plurality of first-information chunks is inaccurate. In another example, if the proportion of locations where the plurality of locations verification fails is low (e.g., 10%) and the path information across most of the plurality of first-information chunks corresponding to the plurality of locations indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first information is a LOS path, the first device determines that the path information across the plurality of first-information chunks is accurate. Implementation C14 is similar to implementation C13. Details are not described again.

[249] C15 Implementation: Information indicating the accuracy of route information includes information indicating a proportion of locations whose errors are less than a second error threshold in a plurality of locations obtained based on at least one piece of first information.

[250] For example, the first device reports a plurality of first pieces of information, the location management device performs positioning based on the plurality of first pieces of information, to obtain the plurality of locations, and the location management device collects statistics on route information whose errors are less than the second error threshold in the plurality of locations, to obtain a proportion of route information whose errors are less than the second error threshold.

[251] After receiving information indicating the proportion of locations whose errors are less than the second threshold of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p. 99 / 142 88 / 109 error, the first device can determine the accuracy of the route information in the first data associated with the second data. For example, if the proportion of locations whose errors are less than the second error threshold is high (e.g., 90%) and the route information in most of the various first data corresponding to the plurality of locations indicates a high likelihood that a route corresponding to the first data is a LOS route, the first device determines that the route information in the plurality of first data is accurate.In another example, if the proportion of locations whose errors are less than the second error threshold is low (e.g., 10%) and the path information in most of the various first pieces of information corresponding to the plurality of locations indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first pieces of information is a LOS path, the first device determines that the path information in the plurality of first pieces of information is inaccurate. For content on location error in Implementation C15, see the content of Implementation C12. Details are not described again.

[252] In this modality of this request, Implementation C1, Implementation C2, Implementation C3, Implementation C4, C5 Implementation, C6 Implementation, C7 Implementation Implementation C8, Implementation C9, Implementation C10, Implementation C11, Implementation C12, Implementation C13, Implementation C14, and Implementation C15 can also be used in combination. For example, the information indicating the accuracy of the route information includes one or more of the information included in the information indicating the accuracy of the route information in Implementation C1, Implementation C2, Implementation C3, Implementation C4, Implementation C5, Implementation C6, Implementation C7, Implementation C8, Implementation C9, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 100 / 142 89 / 109 Implementation C10, Implementation C11, Implementation C12, Implementation C13, Implementation C14, and Implementation C15. For related content within these implementations, refer to one another. Details are not described again.

[253] In this embodiment of this application, the location management device determines the accuracy of the route information in a plurality of implementations. For example, the location management device can determine at least one piece of initial location information based on the measurement information contained in at least one piece of initial information and determine the accuracy of the route information based on at least one piece of initial location information.

[254] In a real-world application, a location determined based on measurement information obtained from a LOS path is accurate. Therefore, locations obtained from LOS path measurement information can be close (or referred to as aggregated or highly aggregated). A location determined based on measurement information obtained from an NLOS path is inaccurate. Therefore, locations obtained from NLOS path measurement information can be discrete (or referred to as non-aggregated or low-aggregated). In this embodiment of this application, the accuracy of the path information can be determined based on this phenomenon.

[255] In one possible implementation, the location management device can obtain a plurality of pieces of first location information using at least one piece of first information and then determine the accuracy of the route information in the first information based on a degree of aggregation between the plurality of pieces of first location information. For example, when the route information in a piece of first information Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 101 / 142 90 / 109 indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the initial information is a LOS path. If the initial location information corresponding to the initial information is aggregated with other initial location information, it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the initial information is high. In another example, if the initial location information corresponding to the initial information is distant and is not aggregated with other initial location information, it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the initial information is low.In another example, when the path information in a piece of first information indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first information is a NLOS path, if the first location information corresponding to the first information is distant and not aggregated with other first location information, it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the first information is high. In another example, if the first location information corresponding to the first information is aggregated with other first location information, it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the first information is low.

[256] In another possible implementation, the location management device can obtain at least one piece of second location information and determine the accuracy of the route information based on at least one piece of first location information and at least one piece of second location information. There is an association relationship between the accuracy of the route information and a first degree of aggregation, and the first degree of aggregation includes a degree of aggregation between at least one piece of first location information and at least one piece of second location information. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 102 / 142 91 / 109 location information.

[257] For example, when path information indicates that the probability of measurement information being measured based on a LOS path is greater than a third probability threshold, the accuracy of the path information is positively correlated with the first degree of aggregation. For example, when path information in a piece of first information indicates a high probability (greater than a third probability threshold) that a path corresponding to the first information is a LOS path, if a degree of aggregation between at least one piece of first location information and at least one piece of second location information is high, it can be determined that the accuracy of the path information in the first information is high.In another example, if the degree of aggregation between at least one piece of first-order location information and at least one piece of second-order location information is low, it can be determined that the accuracy of the route information in the first-order information is low.

[258] In another example, when path information indicates that the probability of measurement information being measured based on a LOS path is no greater than a third probability threshold, the accuracy of the path information is negatively correlated with a first degree of aggregation. In another example, when path information in a piece of first information indicates a low probability (e.g., no greater than a third probability threshold) that a path corresponding to the first information is a LOS path, i.e., what can also be understood as a high likelihood that the path corresponding to the first information is an NLOS path, if a degree of aggregation between at least one piece of first location information and at least one piece of second information Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 103 / 142 If the 92 / 109 location ratio is low, it can be determined that the accuracy of the route information in the first data is high. In another example, if the degree of aggregation between at least one piece of first location information and at least one piece of second location information is high, it can be determined that the accuracy of the route information in the first data is low.

[259] In this embodiment of this application, at least one piece of second location information may include one or more of the following contents: predefined location information; historical location information of a device that needs to be positioned (the device that needs to be positioned may be the first device or the second device); or location information determined based on at least one piece of other measurement information, wherein the probability that the measurement information in at least one piece of other measurement information is measured based on a path of The LOS (Location Limit) must be greater than a second probability threshold. The predefined location information may be a predefined location of the device that needs to be positioned. At least one piece of other measurement information in this embodiment of this application may be measurement information reported by the first device and which is different from the measurement information in at least one piece of first information. The information carrying at least one piece of other measurement information may or may not include path information.

[260] It can be learned from the previous examples that the location management device can receive more measurement information and then evaluate the accuracy of the route information based on the more measurement information. Therefore, an evaluation result is accurate.

[261] In this type of application, the device of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 104 / 142 93 / 109 Location management can receive measurement information and route information from a plurality of first devices. For example, the first device is a network device and the second device is a first terminal device. The location management device can receive measurement information reported by a plurality of network devices and can know the location information of these network devices. Therefore, the location management device can verify, based on the plurality of measurement information pieces and the location information of these network devices, the route information present in at least one piece of first information reported by the first device, so that the accuracy of the route information can be obtained precisely.

[262] For example, the location management device can perform positioning on a plurality of measurement information pieces (which may be measurement information from a plurality of first devices) corresponding to a plurality of path information pieces that indicate a high likelihood of a LOS path, and check whether the location information determined based on the measurement information is the same or fluctuates within a specific range (or referred to as clustering, or referred to as having a high degree of aggregation). If the location information is the same or fluctuates within a specific range, this indicates that the path information in the measurement information is accurate.If the locations corresponding to one or more pieces of measurement information are distant from a location corresponding to other measurement information, it can be determined that the path information corresponding to one or more pieces of measurement information may be inaccurate. In another example, the location management device may perform positioning in... Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 105 / 142 94 / 109 a plurality of measurement information pieces (which may be measurement information from a plurality of first devices) corresponding to a plurality of path information pieces, indicating a high likelihood of an NLOS path, and check whether the location information determined based on the measurement information is scattered. If the location information is scattered, this indicates that the path information in the measurement information is accurate. Alternatively, if the locations corresponding to one or more measurement information pieces are close together, it can be determined that the path information corresponding to one or more measurement information pieces may be inaccurate.

[263] In another example, when the first device is a first terminal device, the second device may be a network device. In one possible implementation, the first terminal device may receive reference signals from a plurality of network devices and then measure the plurality of reference signals to obtain measurement information corresponding to the plurality of network devices. The first terminal device may report to the location management device a plurality of pieces of measurement information obtained by measuring reference signals from a plurality of network devices. A device configured to check path information that is in at least one piece of first information and that is reported by the first device needs to be aware of the location information from the plurality of network devices.In one possible implementation, since the location management device can learn the location information of multiple network devices in advance, the location management device can verify route information that is in at least one piece of the network. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 106 / 142 95 / 109 initial information that is reported by the first device. For example, the location management device can verify, based on the plurality of measurement information pieces and the location information from the network device, the route information that is in at least one piece of initial information reported by the first device, so that the accuracy of the route information can be obtained precisely.

[264] In this embodiment of this application, the second information is used by the first device to perform one or more of the following: increase a first-path energy detection threshold, increase a consistency decision threshold, switch a LOS path identification algorithm, or switch an NLOS path identification algorithm. The first device may also perform one or more of the following based on the second information.

[265] For example, the second piece of information indicates low path information accuracy, and the path information indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first piece of information is a LOS path. In this case, the first device can increase the first-path energy detection threshold. Thus, by determining that the energy of a path of a received reference signal is greater than an increased first-path energy detection threshold, the first device determines a high likelihood that the path is a LOS path, thereby improving the accuracy of the first device's LOS path determination.

[266] In another example, the second piece of information indicates low accuracy of the path information, and the path information indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first piece of information is a LOS path. In this case, the first device can raise the decision threshold. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 107 / 142 96 / 109 consistency. For example, the first device includes a plurality of antennas and receives a reference signal through the plurality of antennas. For a reference signal path, if the energy of the signals corresponding to the path received through the plurality of antennas tends to be consistent and is greater than the increased consistency decision threshold, a high likelihood that the path is a LOS path can be determined, thus improving the accuracy of the LOS path determination by the first device.

[267] In another example, the first device can switch between a LOS path identification algorithm or an NLOS path identification algorithm and subsequently determine the path information according to an alternate algorithm. For example, the second piece of information indicates low accuracy of the path information, and the path information indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first piece of information is a LOS path. In this case, the first device can switch the LOS path identification algorithm to improve the accuracy of the LOS path determination by the first device. In another example, the second piece of information indicates low accuracy of the path information, and the path information indicates a high likelihood that a path corresponding to the first piece of information is an NLOS path.In this case, the first device can switch the NLOS path identification algorithm to improve the accuracy of the first device's NLOS path determination.

[268] The solution provided in this embodiment of this application can be applied to a solution for identifying a LOS / NLOS path based on artificial intelligence (AI). In this solution, as the location management device can return the accuracy of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 108 / 142 97 / 109 path information for the first device, it can adaptively adjust the LOS / NLOS identification solution of the first device, thus improving performance.

[269] The message names above are merely examples. With the evolution of communication technologies, the name of any message may be changed. However, regardless of how the message names are changed, as long as the meanings of the messages are the same as the messages in this request, the messages fall within the scope of protection of this request.

[270] In embodiments of this application, sending information to the terminal device may be understood as the destination of the information being the terminal device. For example, the fact that a module A sends information to a terminal includes: Module A sends the information to the terminal via an air interface. Optionally, module A may perform a baseband and / or intermediate radio frequency operation on the information; or module A delivers the information to a module B, and module B sends it to the terminal. When sending the information to the terminal, module B may transmit the information transparently; segment the information and then send the information; or multiplex the information and other information and then send the information. Optionally, module B may perform a baseband and / or intermediate radio frequency operation on the information and then send the information.Optionally, module B can encapsulate the information in a data packet. Optionally, module B can also add a packet header, a padding bit, and / or similar elements to the data packet.

[271] In embodiments of this application, receiving information from a terminal device may be understood as the origin of the information being the terminal device. For example, the fact that a module A receives information from a terminal device includes: Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 109 / 142 98 / 109 Module A receives information from the terminal via an air interface. Optionally, Module A may perform a baseband and / or intermediate radio frequency operation on the information; or Module B receives information from the terminal via an air interface and delivers it to Module A. Module B's delivery of information to Module A includes: transparently delivering the received information to Module A; combining a plurality of received information segments and then delivering the information to Module A; or extracting information from multiplexed information and then delivering the information to Module A. Optionally, Module B may perform a baseband and / or intermediate radio frequency operation on the received information and then transmit the information. Optionally, the information received by Module B is encapsulated in a data packet.Optionally, the data packet includes a packet header, a padding bit, and / or similar elements.

[272] Module B can be a module or a plurality of modules coupled in sequence. This is not limited. For example, module A is a DU module and module B is an RU module. In another example, module A is a CU-CP module and module B is a DU module and an RU module.

[273] The foregoing mainly describes, from a network element interaction perspective, the solutions provided in this application. It can be understood that, to implement the aforementioned functions, the aforementioned network elements include corresponding hardware structures and / or software modules to perform the functions. A person skilled in the art should be aware that, in combination with units and algorithm steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this descriptive report, the present invention can be implemented by hardware or by a combination of hardware and software. If a function is performed by hardware or by Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 110 / 142 99 / 109 Software-controlled hardware depends on specific applications and the design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the functions described for each particular application, but the implementation should not be considered to go beyond the scope of the present invention.

[274] According to the previous method, Figure 5 is a diagram of a structure of an apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.

[275] Figure 5 is a simplified diagram of a 1301 device. The 1301 device is configured to implement a function of a network element in the following modes of application. For example, the network element can be a base station, a terminal, a DU, a CU, a CU-CP, a CU-UP, or a RU. The 1301 device can be the network element, a device that can be installed on the network element, or a device that can be used in conjunction with the network element. This is not limited. For example, the device can be a chip or a system-on-a-chip. The 1301 device includes a 1303 interface and a 1302 processor. Optionally, the 1302 processor is configured to execute a 1305 program. Processor 1302 can store program 1305 or obtain the program from another component or device (for example, from memory 1304 or from a third-party website via download). Optionally, device 1301 includes memory 1304. Memory 1304 is configured to store program 1306. Program 1306 can be pre-stored or loaded later. Optionally, memory 1304 can be further configured to store the necessary data. These components operate together to provide various functions described in the embodiments of this application.

[276] The 1302 processor may include one or more processors to serve as a combination of computing devices. The 1302 processor may separately include one or more of the Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 111 / 142 100 / 109 following: a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a digital signal processor device (DSPD), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), gating logic, transistor logic, a discrete hardware circuit, a processing circuit, or other suitable hardware or firmware and / or a combination of hardware and software configured to perform various functions described in the embodiments of this application. The 1302 processor may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, the 1302 processor may be a baseband processor or a central processing unit.The baseband processor can be configured to process a communication protocol and communication data. The central processing unit can be configured to: execute a software program and process data within the software program.

[277] The 1303 interface may include any appropriate hardware or software configured to enable communication with one or more computer devices (e.g., the network element in embodiments of this application). For example, in some embodiments, the 1303 interface may include a terminal and / or a pin configured to be coupled to a wire of a wired connection or to a wireless interface of a wireless connection. In some embodiments, the 1303 interface may include a transmitter, a receiver, an interface, and / or an antenna. The interface may be configured to enable communication between computer devices (e.g., the network elements in embodiments of this application) using any available protocol (e.g., a standard 3GPP protocol).

[278] The program in some modalities of this request is Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 112 / 142 101 / 109 Software in a broad sense. Software can be program code, a program, a subprogram, a set of instructions, code, a code segment, a software module, an application program, a software application program, or the like. The program can be run on a processor and / or a computer to perform various functions and / or processes described in some embodiments of this application.

[279] The 1304 memory can store data needed when the 1302 processor executes software. The 1304 memory can be implemented using any suitable storage technology. For example, the 1304 memory can be any available storage medium that can be accessed by a processor and / or a computer.A non-limiting example of a storage medium is random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), removable media, optical disc memory, magnetic disk storage medium, magnetic storage device, flash memory, register, state memory, remotely installed memory, local or remote storage component, or any other medium that can carry or store software, data, or information and can be accessed by a processor / computer.

[280] The 1304 memory and the 1302 processor can be arranged separately or integrated. The 1302 processor can read information from the 1304 memory and store and / or write information in the memory. The 1304 memory can be integrated into the 1302 processor. The 1302 processor and the 1304 memory can be arranged in an integrated circuit (for example, an application-specific integrated circuit). Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 113 / 142 102 / 109 (ASIC)). The integrated circuit can be placed on the network element or on another network node in some embodiments of this application. In the figure, memory 1304 is a dashed line, which further indicates that the memory is optional.

[281] In addition, the communication device 1301 may also include a bus system. The processor 1302, the memory 1304 and the interface 1303 may be connected via the bus system.

[282] As shown in Figure 5, device 1301 can be a primary device or a location management device, or it can be a chip or a circuit, for example, a chip or a circuit that can be placed in the primary device or in the location management device.

[283] When device 1301 is configured to implement a function of the first device, processor 1302 is configured to: send at least one piece of first information and receive second information through interface 1303.

[284] When device 1301 is configured to implement a location management device function, processor 1302 is configured to: receive at least one piece of first information and send second information through interface 1303.

[285] For concepts, explanations, detailed descriptions and other steps of the communication apparatus related to the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application, please refer to the descriptions of the content in the methods above or in other embodiments. Details are not described in this document.

[286] According to the previous method, Figure 6 is a diagram of the structure of a communication apparatus, according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the apparatus 1401 may include a transceiver 1403 and a processor 1402. In addition, the apparatus 1401 may include a memory 1404. In the figure, the memory 1404 is a dashed line, which indicates Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 114 / 142 103 / 109 that the memory is optional. Transceiver 1403 is configured for: input and / or output of information. Processor 1402 is configured to execute a computer program or instructions, so that device 1401 implements the first device or the location management device in the solution related in Figure 4. In this embodiment of this application, transceiver 1403 can implement the solution implemented by interface 1303 in Figure 5, and processor 1402 can implement the solution implemented by processor 1302 in Figure 5, and memory 1404 can implement the solution implemented by memory 1304 in Figure 5. Details are not described again in this document.

[287] Based on the previous embodiments and the same concept, Figure 7 is a diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, apparatus 1501 can be a first apparatus or a location management apparatus, or it can be a chip or a circuit, for example, a chip or a circuit that can be disposed in the first apparatus or in the location management apparatus.

[288] Device 1501 includes a processing unit 1502 and a communication unit 1503. In addition, device 1501 may include a storage unit 1504, or it may not include a storage unit 1504. In the figure, storage unit 1504 is a dashed line, which further identifies that the memory is optional.

[289] When device 1501 is configured to implement a function of the first device, processing unit 1502 is configured to: send at least one piece of first information and receive second information through communication unit 1503.

[290] When device 1501 is configured to implement a location management device function, processing unit 1502 is configured to: receive at least one Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 115 / 142 104 / 109 piece of initial information and send a piece of secondary information via communication unit 1503.

[291] For concepts, explanations, detailed descriptions and other steps of the communication apparatus related to the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application, please refer to the descriptions of the content in the methods above or in other embodiments. Details are not described in this document.

[292] It may be understood that, for a function of each unit in the 1501 device, refer to the implementations of the corresponding method modalities. Details are not described again in this document.

[293] It should be understood that the division of the communication device into units is merely a logical division of functions. During actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity or may be physically separated. In this embodiment of this application, communication unit 1503 may be implemented by interface 1303 of Figure 5, and processing unit 1502 may be implemented by processor 1302 of Figure 5.

[294] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application further provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes computer program code or instructions. When the computer program code or instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method as defined in any of the embodiments shown in Figure 4.

[295] According to the methods provided in the embodiments of this application, this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable medium stores the program code. When the program code is executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform the method as defined in any of the embodiments shown in Figure 4. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 116 / 142 105 / 109

[296] According to the methods provided in the embodiments of this application, this application further provides a chip system. The chip system may include a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and may be configured to perform the method as defined in any of the embodiments shown in Figure 4. Optionally, the chip system also includes memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program (which may also be referred to as code or instructions). The processor is configured to: invoke a computer program from memory and execute the computer program, so that a device in which the chip system is installed performs the method as defined in any of the embodiments shown in Figure 4.

[297] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a system, including one or more first devices.

[298] In one possible implementation, the system may also include one or more secondary devices. In another possible implementation, the system may also include a location management device.

[299] All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by means of software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When software is used to implement the embodiments, all or some of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or some of the procedures or functions according to the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in a storage medium. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 117 / 142 106 / 109 computer-readable or can be transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired manner (e.g., a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, or a digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wirelessly (e.g., infrared, radio, or microwave). A computer-readable storage medium can be any usable medium accessible by a computer or a data storage device, such as a server or data center, integrating one or more usable media.The usable medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a high-density digital video disc (DVD)), a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid-state drive (SSD)), or similar.

[300] It is important to note that part of this patent application document includes content protected by copyright. Except for making copies of patent documents from the Patent Office or recording the content of patent documents, the copyright holder reserves the copyright.

[301] The network device and the terminal device in the previous apparatus modes correspond to the network device or the terminal device in the method modes. A corresponding module or unit performs a corresponding step. For example, a communication unit (a transceiver) performs a receive step or a send step in the method modes, and a step other than the send step and the receive step may be performed by a processing unit (a processor). For a function of Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 118 / 142 107 / 109 a specific unit, refer to a corresponding method option. There may be one or more processors.

[302] Terms such as component, module, and system used in this descriptive report indicate entities related to computers, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or running software. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer. As illustrated by the figures, both a computing device and an application running on the computing device can be components. One or more components may reside in a process and / or an execution thread, and a component may be located on a computer and / or distributed among two or more computers. Furthermore, these components may run from various computer-readable media that store various data structures.For example, components can communicate using a local and / or remote process and based, for example, on a signal with one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components interacting with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or across a network such as the Internet, interacting with other systems using the signal).

[303] A person with ordinary knowledge of the art may be aware that, in combination with the illustrative logic blocks (illustrative logic block) described in the embodiments disclosed in this descriptive report and steps, the implementation may be done by electronic hardware or by a combination of software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on the specific applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be said Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 119 / 142 108 / 109 consider that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this request.

[304] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the sake of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the aforementioned system, apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the aforementioned method modalities. Details are not described again in this document.

[305] In the various embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the embodiment of the apparatus described is merely an example. For example, the division into units is merely a logical function division and may be another division in a real implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not implemented. Furthermore, the mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections shown or discussed may be implemented through some interfaces. Indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.

[306] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one position or may be distributed across a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on the actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the modal solutions.

[307] In addition, the functional units in the modalities of this application may be integrated into a processing unit, each of the units may exist physically in isolation, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. When the functions are implemented in the form of a unit Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pages 120 / 142 109 / 109 functional software and sold or used as a standalone product, the functions can be stored on a computer-readable storage medium.

[308] The descriptions above are merely specific implementations of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited to them. Any alteration or substitution readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, within the technical scope disclosed in this application, shall be subject to the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

[309] In this request, at least one means one or more, and a plurality of means two or more. The term and / or describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents the possibility of there being three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent the following cases: Only A exists, A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the text descriptions of this request, the character / generally indicates an OR relationship between the associated objects. In a formula in this request, the character / indicates a division relationship between the associated objects. Including at least one of A, B, and C can represent: including A; including B; including C; including A and B; including A and C; including B and C; and including A, B, and C.

[310] It may be understood that the various numbers in the modalities of this application are used merely for differentiation, in order to facilitate description, and not to limit the scope of the modalities of this application. The sequence numbers of the processes above do not represent an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes must be determined based on the functions and internal logic of the processes. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 121 / 142

Claims

1 / 14 CLAIMS 1. Method of transmitting positioning information, characterized in that the method is applied to a first device, and the method comprises: sending at least one piece of first information, wherein the at least one piece of first information is used for positioning, the first information in the at least one piece of first information comprises measurement information and path information, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained based on a reference signal, and the path information indicates a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (LOS) path, and / or a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (NLOS) path;and receive secondary information, where the secondary information indicates the accuracy of the route information in one or more pieces of primary information, or in at least one piece of primary information.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second piece of information further comprises indicative information, and the indicative information indicates that the second piece of information has an associative relationship with one or more pieces of first information.

3. Method, according to claim 2, characterized in that the indication information comprises at least one of the following contents: identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; identification information of a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; time information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; time range information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information.

4. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when the second information indicates route information accuracy in a plurality of first information pieces, the plurality of first information pieces meets one or more of the following conditions: the reference signal transmission devices on which the plurality of first information pieces are based are the same, or the reference signal transmission devices on which two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are based are different; the time corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces is the same, or the time corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces is different;The time ranges corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces are the same, or the time ranges corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are different; or the measurement parameters corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces are the same, or the measurement parameters corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are different.

5. Method, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first information in at least one piece of first information comprises one or more of the following contents: identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which the first information is based; identification information of a reference signal on which the first information is based; time information corresponding to the first information; time range information corresponding to the first information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the first information.

6. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second piece of information comprises one or more of the following contents: information indicating correct route information or information indicating incorrect route information; information indicating a probability of correctness of the route information; information indicating a probability of incorrectness of the route information; information indicating an error in the route information; information indicating a proportion of correct route information in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first piece of information; information indicating a proportion of incorrect route information in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first piece of information;Information indicating a proportion of path information whose probabilities of correctness are greater than a first probability threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in at least one first information piece; or information indicating a proportion of path information whose errors are less than a first error threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in at least one first information piece.

7. Method of transmitting positioning information, characterized in that the method is applied to a location management device, and the method comprises: receiving at least one piece of initial information, wherein the at least one piece of initial information is used for positioning, the initial information in the at least one piece of initial information comprises measurement information and path information, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained based on a reference signal, and the path information indicates a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (LOS) path, and / or a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (NLOS) path;and send secondary information, where the secondary information indicates the accuracy of the route information in one or more pieces of primary information, in at least one piece of primary information.

8. Method, according to claim 7, characterized in that the second piece of information further comprises indication information, and the indication information indicates that the second piece of information has an association relationship with one or more pieces of first information in at least one piece of first information.

9. Method, according to claim 8, characterized in that the indication information comprises at least one of the following contents: identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 125 / 142 5 / 14 identification information of a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; time information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; time range information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information.

10. A method, according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that when the second information indicates route information accuracy in a plurality of first information pieces, the plurality of first information pieces meets one or more of the following conditions: the reference signal transmission devices on which the plurality of first information pieces are based are the same, or the reference signal transmission devices on which two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are based are different; the time corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces is the same, or the time corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces is different;The time ranges corresponding to the plurality of first-information pieces are the same, or the time ranges corresponding to two first-information pieces in the plurality of first-information pieces are different; or the measurement parameters corresponding to the plurality of first-information pieces are the same, or the measurement parameters corresponding to two first-information pieces in the plurality of first-information pieces are different. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 126 / 142 6 / 14; 11. A method, according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the initial information in at least one piece of initial information comprises one or more of the following contents: identification information of a device sending a reference signal on which the initial information is based; identification information of a reference signal on which the initial information is based; time information corresponding to the initial information; time range information corresponding to the initial information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the initial information.

12. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the second piece of information comprises one or more of the following contents: information indicating correct route information or information indicating incorrect route information; information indicating a probability of correctness of the route information; information indicating a probability of incorrectness of the route information; information indicating an error in the route information; information indicating a proportion of correct route information in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first piece of information; information indicating a proportion of incorrect route information in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first piece of information;Information indicating a proportion of path information whose probabilities of correctness are greater than a first probability threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in at least one piece of first information; or information indicating a proportion of path information whose errors are less than a first error threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in at least one piece of first information.

13. Positioning information transmission apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus is used in a first apparatus, the apparatus comprises a processor and a communication interface, and the processor is configured to perform the following content through the communication interface: send at least one piece of first information, wherein the at least one piece of first information is used for positioning, the first information in the at least one piece of first information comprises measurement information and path information, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained based on a reference signal, and the path information indicates a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (LOS) path, and / or a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (NLOS) path;and receive secondary information, where the secondary information indicates the accuracy of the route information in one or more pieces of primary information, or in at least one piece of primary information.

14. Apparatus, according to claim 13, characterized in that the second information further comprises indication information, and the indication information indicates that the second information has an association relationship with one or more pieces of first information in at least one piece of first information.

15. Apparatus, according to claim 14, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 128 / 142 8 / 14 characterized in that the indication information comprises at least one of the following contents: identification information of an apparatus for sending a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; identification information of a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; time information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; time range information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information.

16. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that when the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information in a plurality of first information pieces, the plurality of first information pieces meets one or more of the following conditions: the reference signal transmission apparatus on which the plurality of first information pieces is based is the same, or the reference signal transmission apparatus on which two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are based are different; the time corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces is the same, or the time corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces is different;The time ranges corresponding to the plurality of initial information pieces are the same, or the time ranges corresponding to two pieces of initial information within the plurality of initial information pieces are different; or Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page 129 / 142 9 / 14 the measurement parameters corresponding to the plurality of initial information pieces are the same, or the measurement parameters corresponding to two pieces of initial information within the plurality of initial information pieces are different.

17. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the first information in at least one piece of first information comprises one or more of the following contents: identification information of an apparatus sending a reference signal on which the first information is based; identification information of a reference signal on which the first information is based; time information corresponding to the first information; time range information corresponding to the first information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the first information.

18. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the second information comprises one or more of the following contents: information indicating correct route information or information indicating incorrect route information; information indicating a probability of correctness of the route information; information indicating a probability of incorrectness of the route information; information indicating an error in the route information; information indicating a proportion of correct route information in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first information; information indicating a proportion of correct route information in Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p.130 / 142 10 / 14 incorrect path in a plurality of path information pieces in at least one piece of first information; information indicating a proportion of path information whose probabilities of correctness are greater than a first probability threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in at least one piece of first information; or information indicating a proportion of path information whose errors are less than a first error threshold in a plurality of path information pieces in at least one piece of first information.

19. Positioning information transmission apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus is used in a location management apparatus, the apparatus comprises a processor and a communication interface, and the processor is configured to perform the following content through the communication interface: receive at least one piece of initial information, wherein the at least one piece of initial information is used for positioning, the initial information in the at least one piece of initial information comprises measurement information and path information, the measurement information indicates a measurement result obtained based on a reference signal, and the path information indicates a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (LOS) path, and / or a likelihood that a path corresponding to the measurement information is a line-of-sight (NLOS) path;and send secondary information, where the secondary information indicates the accuracy of the route information in one or more pieces of primary information, in at least one piece of primary information.

20. Apparatus, according to claim 19, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 131 / 142 11 / 14 characterized in that the second information further comprises indication information, and the indication information indicates that the second information has an association relationship with one or more pieces of first information in at least one piece of first information.

21. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the indication information comprises at least one of the following contents: identification information of an apparatus sending a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; identification information of a reference signal on which one or more pieces of initial information are based; time information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; time range information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to one or more pieces of initial information.

22. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that when the second information indicates the accuracy of the route information in a plurality of first information pieces, the plurality of first information pieces meets one or more of the following conditions: the reference signal transmission apparatus on which the plurality of first information pieces is based is the same, or the reference signal transmission apparatus on which two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are based are different; the time corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces is the same, or the time corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces is the same. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, p.132 / 142 12 / 14 information is different; the time ranges corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces are the same, or the time ranges corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are different; or the measurement parameters corresponding to the plurality of first information pieces are the same, or the measurement parameters corresponding to two first information pieces in the plurality of first information pieces are different.

23. Apparatus, according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the first information in at least one piece of first information comprises one or more of the following contents: identification information of an apparatus sending a reference signal on which the first information is based; identification information of a reference signal on which the first information is based; time information corresponding to the first information; time range information corresponding to the first information; or measurement parameter information corresponding to the first information.

24. Device, according to any one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the second piece of information comprises one or more of the following contents: information indicating correct route information or information indicating incorrect route information; information indicating a probability of correctness of the route information; information indicating a probability of incorrectness of the Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, page.133 / 142 13 / 14 route information; information indicating an error in the route information; information indicating a proportion of correct route information in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first information; information indicating a proportion of incorrect route information in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first information; information indicating a proportion of route information whose probabilities of correctness are greater than a first probability threshold in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first information; or information indicating a proportion of route information whose errors are less than a first error threshold in a plurality of route information pieces in at least one piece of first information.

25. A communication apparatus, comprising a processor and a memory, characterized in that the memory is configured to store a computer program or instructions; and the processor is configured to execute the computer program or instructions in memory, such that the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 or the method as defined in any one of claims 7 to 12 is carried out.

26. Communication apparatus, comprising a processing module and a communication module, characterized in that the processing module is configured to perform the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 or the method as defined in any one of claims 7 to 12 through the communication module.

27. Computer-readable storage medium, Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 134 / 142 14 / 14 characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions and, when the computer-executable instructions are invoked by a computer, the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 is performed, or the method as defined in any one of claims 7 to 12 is performed.

28. Chip system, comprising a communication interface and a processor, characterized in that the communication interface is configured for: signaling or data input and / or output; and the processor is configured to execute a computer executable program, such that a device in which the chip system is installed performs the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 or the method as defined in any one of claims 7 to 12.

29. Computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product stores computer-executable instructions and, when the computer-executable instructions are invoked by a computer, the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 or the method as defined in any one of claims 7 to 12 is performed. Petition 870250080946, dated 09 / 09 / 2025, pp. 135 / 142

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