New tipping bucket weighing method and device for measuring rain and snowfall

Abstract

The present invention discloses a new tipping bucket weighing method and device for measuring rain and snowfall. The tipping bucket rain and snow gauge is set in a protective cylinder. A rain receiving device is arranged at the upper end of the protective cylinder. The tipping bucket rain and snow gauge includes a rain gauge at the upper end and a tipping bucket device at the lower end. The lower end of the rain receiving device corresponds to the upper end of the rain gauge and does not touch it. The lower end of the protective cylinder is fixed. Legs are arranged at the lower end of the rain gauge. Moreover, the rain gauge is placed on a weighing device or the rain gauge and the tipping bucket device are placed on the weighing device together. A heating device is arranged in the protective cylinder to control the temperature at 0 degrees, ensuring that the inside of the cylinder does not freeze and that the natural melting of the snow is not affected. The present invention can meet the requirements of the "Precipitation Observation Specification"; it can carry out synchronous observation of rainfall and snowfall without delay; it avoids the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing weighing rain and snow gauges and heating and snow melting tipping bucket rain and snow gauges, and can effectively improve the observation accuracy.

Description

Technical Field:

[0002] The present invention relates to a precipitation observation technology, and particularly to a new tipping bucket weighing method and device for measuring rain and snowfall. Background Art:

[0004] Precipitation observation is one of the important contents of hydrological and meteorological monitoring. According to the "Precipitation Observation Specification", precipitation observation should meet the specification requirements. Under natural conditions, precipitation includes rain, snow, hail, etc. Rain and snow are the most common precipitation forms. Therefore, a device that can accurately observe both rainfall and snowfall is very important for precipitation observation.

[0005] At present, devices that can only observe rainfall have been very mature, while devices that can observe both rainfall and snowfall have not been widely used. This is because these devices all have their own disadvantages. A simple weighing rain and snow gauge has no drainage device. For long-term monitoring of cumulative precipitation, not only will evaporation affect the observation accuracy, but also manual intervention for drainage is required. The melting snow tipping bucket rain and snow gauge also has disadvantages. One is that it is difficult to judge the starting time of heating, resulting in time delay; the other is that it is difficult to select the heating temperature. If it is too high, an air column will be formed in the rain gauge, resulting in excessive evaporation, and it will also affect the snowflakes falling into the cylinder, causing monitoring errors. Or if the heating temperature is low, the snowfall cannot be melted in time. In addition, neither the weighing rain and snow gauge nor the heating melting snow tipping bucket rain and snow gauge can carry out the monitoring of the snow melting process under natural conditions. Summary of the Invention:

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a new tipping bucket weighing method and device for measuring rain and snowfall, which is reasonably designed, can complete the monitoring of rainfall, rain and snow mixed precipitation, snowfall and natural snow melting process, and meet the measurement accuracy requirements.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0009] A new tipping bucket weighing method for measuring rain and snowfall. A protective cylinder is sleeved outside the tipping bucket rain and snow gauge. At the upper end of the inner cavity of the protective cylinder, a rain receiving device is provided. The lower end of the rain receiving device corresponds to and does not contact the upper end of the rain gauge at the upper end of the tipping bucket rain and snow gauge. The lower end of the protective cylinder is fixed. The lower end of the rain gauge is provided with legs. And the rain gauge is placed on the weighing device, or the rain gauge and the tipping device at the lower end of the tipping bucket rain and snow gauge are placed on the weighing device together. A heating device is provided in the lower part of the inner cavity of the protective cylinder to control the temperature at 0 degrees, which can not only ensure that the inside of the cylinder does not freeze, but also not affect the natural melting of the snow in the rain gauge. When it rains, the rainfall is measured by the tipping device, and the rainwater is directly drained through the tipping device, and the weight change of the weighing device is extremely small. When there is mixed rain and snow precipitation, the rainwater is drained through the tipping device, and the snowfall accumulates in the rain gauge. At this time, the tipping device records the rainfall or the snowmelt, and the weighing device measures the snow volume stored in the rain gauge. The sum of the two is the total precipitation. When it snows, the accumulated snow volume in the rain gauge is obtained through the weighing device, and the tipping device records the snowmelt. When there is snow in the rain gauge and no precipitation occurs, the tipping device measures the snowmelt. The heating device, the tipping device, and the weighing device are connected to the controller through wired or wireless communication.

[0010] Assume the measurement time period is △T, the precipitation depth △W is converted from the weight difference at the end and the beginning of the time period, and the water volume △P measured by the tipping bucket within the △T time period. Then:

[0011] (1) When △W > 0, △W + △P is the precipitation within the △T time period, and △P is the snowmelt.

[0012] (2) When △W < 0, if △W + △P = 0, then the precipitation is 0, and △P is the snowmelt within the time period; if △W + △P > 0, △W + △P is the precipitation within the △T time period, and △P is the snowmelt.

[0013] (3) When △W = 0, if △P > 0, then △P is the rainfall within the time period; if △P = 0, then the precipitation within the time period is 0.

[0014] The lower end of the rain receiving device is in a shape of inwardly converging and extends into the rain gauge. The rain gauge is fixedly connected to the legs. The lower ends of the legs and the tipping device are placed on the weighing device together; or the rain gauge is movably connected to the legs, the weighing device is arranged at the upper end of the legs, and the rain gauge is placed on the weighing device.

[0015] The heating device, the tipping device, and the weighing device are connected to the controller through wired or wireless communication to realize information collection and automatic control.

[0016] A new tipping bucket weighing type rain and snow amount measuring device, including a tipping bucket rain and snow gauge, the tipping bucket rain and snow gauge is sleeved in a protective cylinder, and, an upper end of the protective cylinder is provided with a rain receiving device, the tipping bucket rain and snow gauge includes a rain gauge at the upper end and a tipping bucket device at the lower end, a lower end of the rain receiving device corresponds to and does not contact an upper end of the rain gauge, a lower end of the protective cylinder is fixed, a lower end of the rain gauge is provided with legs, and, the rain gauge is placed on a weighing device or the rain gauge and the tipping bucket device are placed on the weighing device together, a heating device is arranged in an inner cavity of the protective cylinder to control the temperature at 0 degrees, which can not only ensure that the inner cavity of the cylinder does not freeze, but also not affect the natural melting of snow; the heating device, the tipping bucket device, and the weighing device are connected to a controller through wired or wireless communication.

[0017] A lower end of the rain receiving device is in a shape of inwardly converging and extends into the rain gauge, and a heater is arranged in an inner cavity of the protective cylinder. The heating device, the tipping bucket device, and the weighing device are connected to a controller through wired or wireless communication.

[0018] The rain gauge is fixedly connected to the legs, a lower end of the legs and the tipping bucket device are placed on the weighing device together, or, the rain gauge is movably connected to the legs, the weighing device is arranged at an upper end of the legs, and, the rain gauge is placed on the weighing device.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The present invention can meet the requirements of the "Precipitation Observation Specification"; it can carry out synchronous observation of rainfall and snowfall amounts without delay; it can avoid the disadvantages and deficiencies of the existing weighing type rain and snow gauges and heating and snow melting tipping bucket rain and snow gauges, and can effectively improve the observation accuracy.

[0021] 2. The present invention has low requirements for environmental factors. By controlling the temperature of the tipping bucket chamber, it can be applicable to temperatures from -30 to 60 degrees, enhancing the practicability and reliability; it can carry out the measurement of the natural snow melting process, filling the monitoring gap of the existing rain and snow gauges.

[0022] 3. The rain receiving device of the present invention is located above the rain gauge and the two do not contact, which can ensure the weighing accuracy of the rain gauge. And, the lower end of the rain receiving device is inclined and extends into the rain gauge, which can ensure that all rain and snow enter the rain gauge, improving the measurement accuracy.

[0023] 4. The lower end of the protective cylinder of the present invention is fixed to the ground or the bottom plate through fixing bolts, preventing the rain gauge and the funnel device from being affected by external natural conditions and improving the measurement accuracy.

[0024] 5. The weighing device of the present invention can be arranged at the lower end of the tipping bucket device or at the lower end of the rain gauge, with a flexible way and easy to implement.

[0025] 6. The present invention can complete the monitoring of rainfall, rain-snow mixed precipitation, snowfall, and natural snowmelt processes, meet the measurement accuracy requirements, has a simple and easy-to-implement method, is convenient for popularization, has strong practicability, and has high economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a new tipping bucket weighing type rain and snow amount measuring device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

[0029] Example: Refer to Figure 1 , in the figure, 1 - rain gauge, 2 - protection cylinder, 3 - tipping bucket device, 4 - weighing device, 5 - weighing device support leg, 6 - fixing bolt, 7 - rain receiving device.

[0030] The new tipping bucket weighing type rain and snow amount measuring device includes a tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge. Among them: The tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge is sleeved in a protection cylinder 2, and a rain receiving device 7 is arranged at the upper end of the protection cylinder 2. The tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge includes a rain gauge 1 at the upper end and a tipping bucket device 3 at the lower end. The lower end of the rain receiving device 7 corresponds to and does not contact the upper end of the rain gauge 1. The lower end of the protection cylinder 2 is fixed. A support leg is arranged at the lower end of the rain gauge 1, and the rain gauge 1 is placed on the weighing device 4 or the rain gauge 1 and the tipping bucket device 3 are placed on the weighing device 4 together. A heating device (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the inner cavity of the protection cylinder to control the temperature at 0 degrees, ensuring that the inside of the cylinder does not freeze and does not affect the natural melting of the snow accumulation.

[0031] The lower end of the rain receiving device 7 is in a shape of inwardly converging and extends into the rain gauge 1. A heating device (not shown in the figure) is arranged in the inner cavity of the protection cylinder. The upper end of the rain gauge 1 is cylindrical and the lower end is conical; the tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge 3 is provided with metering buckets that work alternately.

[0032] When rainfall occurs, the rainfall amount is measured by the tipping bucket device 3, and the rainwater is directly drained through the tipping bucket device 3, and the weight change of the weighing device 4 is extremely small; when rain-snow mixed precipitation occurs, the rainwater is drained through the tipping bucket device 3, and the snowfall accumulates in the rain gauge 1. At this time, the tipping bucket device 3 records the rainwater amount or the snowmelt amount, and the weighing device 4 measures the snow amount stored in the rain gauge 1. The sum of the two is the total precipitation amount; when snowfall occurs, the accumulated snow amount in the rain gauge 1 is obtained through the weighing device 4, and the tipping bucket device 3 records the snowmelt amount. When there is snow accumulation in the rain gauge 1 and no precipitation occurs, the tipping bucket device 3 measures the snowmelt amount.

[0033] During measurement, if the designed measurement period is △T, the precipitation depth △W is converted from the weight difference at the end and the beginning of the period, and the water amount in the tipping bucket type rain and snow gauge within the △T period is △P. Then:

[0034] (1) When △W > 0, △W + △P is the precipitation amount within the △T period, and △P is the snowmelt amount;

[0035] (2) When △W < 0, △W + △P = 0, then the precipitation is 0, and △P is the snowmelt volume within the time period; when △W + △P > 0, △W + △P is the precipitation within the △T time period, and △P is the snowmelt volume.

[0036] (3) When △W = 0, if △P > 0, then △P is the rainfall within the time period; if △P = 0, then the precipitation within the time period is 0.

[0037] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new tipping bucket weighing method for measuring rain and snowfall, characterized in that: A protective cylinder is sleeved outside the tipping rain and snow gauge. At the upper end of the inner cavity of the protective cylinder, a rain receiving device is provided. The lower end of the rain receiving device corresponds to and does not touch the upper end of the rain gauge at the upper end of the tipping rain and snow gauge. The lower end of the protective cylinder is fixed. The lower end of the rain gauge is provided with legs. Moreover, the rain gauge is placed on the weighing device, or the rain gauge and the tipping device at the lower end of the tipping rain and snow gauge are placed on the weighing device together. A heating device is provided in the lower part of the inner cavity of the protective cylinder to control the temperature at 0 degrees, which can not only ensure that the inside of the cylinder does not freeze, but also not affect the natural melting of the snow in the rain gauge. When it rains, the rainfall is measured by the tipping device, and the rainwater is directly drained through the tipping device. The change in the weight measured by the weighing device within the designed measurement time period is extremely small. When there is mixed rain and snow precipitation, the rainwater is drained through the tipping device, and the snow accumulates in the rain gauge. At this time, the tipping device records the rainfall and the snowmelt, and the weighing device measures the snow volume stored in the rain gauge. The sum of the two is the total precipitation. When it snows, the accumulated snow volume in the rain gauge is obtained through the weighing device, and the tipping device records the snowmelt. When there is snow in the rain gauge and no precipitation occurs, the tipping device measures the snowmelt. The heating device, the tipping device, and the weighing device are connected to the controller through wired or wireless communication.

2. The novel tipping bucket weighing method for measuring rain and snow amount according to claim 1, wherein: The designed measurement time period is △T. The precipitation depth △W is converted from the weight difference between the end and the beginning of the time period. The water volume measured by the tipping within the △T time period is △P. Then: When △W>0, △W + △P is the precipitation within the △T time period, and △P is the snowmelt. When △W<0, △W + △P = 0, then the precipitation is 0, and △P is the snowmelt within the time period. △W + △P>0, △W + △P is the precipitation within the △T time period, and △P is the snowmelt. When △W = 0 and △P>0, then △P is the rainfall within the time period. When △P = 0, then the precipitation within the time period is 0.

3. The novel tipping bucket weighing method for measuring rain and snow amount according to claim 1 is characterized in that: connect The lower end of the rain receiving device is inwardly flared and extends into the rain gauge. The rain gauge is fixedly connected to the legs. The lower ends of the legs and the tipping device are placed on the weighing device together; or the rain gauge is movably connected to the legs, the weighing device is arranged at the upper end of the legs, and the rain gauge is placed on the weighing device.

4. The novel tipping bucket weighing method for measuring rain and snow amount according to claim 1, wherein: The heating device, the tipping device, and the weighing device are connected to the controller through wired or wireless communication to realize information collection and automatic control.

5. A new tipping bucket weighing type rain and snow gauge measurement device, including a tipping bucket rain and snow gauge, characterized in that: The tipping bucket rain and snow gauge set is enclosed in a protective cylinder. At the upper end of the protective cylinder, there is a rain receiving device. The tipping bucket rain and snow gauge includes a rain gauge at the upper end and a tipping bucket device at the lower end. The lower end of the rain receiving device corresponds to and does not touch the upper end of the rain gauge. The lower end of the protective cylinder is fixed. The lower end of the rain gauge is provided with legs. And the rain gauge is placed on a weighing device, or the rain gauge and the tipping bucket device are placed on the weighing device together. A heating device is arranged in the inner cavity of the protective cylinder to control the temperature at 0 degrees, which can not only ensure that the inner cavity of the cylinder does not freeze, but also not affect the natural melting of snow accumulation. When it rains, the rainfall is measured by the tipping bucket device, and the rainwater is directly drained through the tipping bucket device, and the weight change measured by the weighing device during the designed measurement time period is extremely small. When there is mixed rain and snow precipitation, the rainwater is drained through the tipping bucket device, and the snowfall accumulates in the rain gauge. At this time, the tipping bucket device records the rainfall and the snowmelt, and the weighing device measures the snow volume stored in the rain gauge, and the sum of the two is the total precipitation. When it snows, the accumulated snow volume in the rain gauge is obtained through the weighing device, and the tipping bucket device records the snowmelt. When there is snow accumulation in the rain gauge and no precipitation occurs, the tipping bucket device measures the snowmelt. The heating device, the tipping bucket device, and the weighing device are connected to a controller through wired or wireless communication; The lower end of the rain receiving device is in a shape of inwardly converging and extends into the rain gauge.

6. The novel tipping bucket weighing type rain and snow gauge according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rain gauge is fixedly connected to the legs, and the lower ends of the legs and the tipping bucket device are placed on the weighing device together, or the rain gauge is movably connected to the legs, the weighing device is arranged at the upper end of the legs, and the rain gauge is placed on the weighing device.

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