Optical spectrometer and spectrophotovoltaic system

Abstract

An optical spectrometer and a spectrophotovoltaic system, the optical spectrometer comprising an optical substrate and a plurality of optical films; each optical film forms a spectrophotometric region with different spectrophotometric performances, and each spectrophotometric region formed by the optical film transmits incident light of one of the short-wave band, the medium-wave band and the long-wave band. Since a combination of light of different wavelengths is achieved through a plurality of optical films and an optical substrate, and the flexible adjustment requirement of the light transmission ratio is achieved, photovoltaic cells with different PN junctions arranged in a mapping area can obtain the solar spectrum band and the appropriate amount of solar radiation energy that match it, so that the current output by each PN junction on the photovoltaic cell can achieve a uniform output effect, which is conducive to further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, especially for multi-junction photovoltaic cells, the spectrophotovoltaic system can greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the multi-junction photovoltaic cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to an optical spectrometer and a spectrophotovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] After decades of development, solar power generation technology has established itself as a key player in the renewable energy sector. Photovoltaic cells are the core components of solar power generation, and their photoelectric conversion efficiency directly impacts the performance of the entire power generation system. Improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells and the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems has long been a goal pursued by researchers in the field of solar power generation.

[0003] As we all know, the core of a solar cell is the PN junction. A PN junction corresponds to a fixed bandgap width and can only absorb photons within a specific wavelength range, with the highest absorption efficiency for light of that specific wavelength. Therefore, the absorption of light energy by a single-junction solar cell is very limited. Using PN junctions with different bandgap widths to absorb light in different bands can effectively increase the photon energy absorption rate, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Research on high-efficiency multi-junction solar cell technology is particularly eye-catching, but due to its high cost, it is difficult to apply on a large scale. Using concentrating technology to collect sunlight through lenses increases the solar radiation energy density per unit area, allowing multi-junction solar cells to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, it also greatly reduces the area required for the multi-junction solar cell, thereby reducing system costs.

[0004] However, due to the uneven distribution of solar spectrum energy, solar radiation energy is mainly concentrated in the visible light part (400-760nm), resulting in the mismatch of the optimal output current of multiple PN junctions irradiated by different wavelengths, thus limiting the further improvement of the efficiency of multi-junction solar cells. 0.50 In 0.50 P.Ga 0.99 In 0.01 As and Ge form the upper, middle and lower PN junctions of the battery respectively. The three PN junctions absorb the short wave (300-700nm), medium wave (700-900nm) and long wave (900-1700nm) of the solar spectrum respectively. The upper, middle and lower PN junctions form a series of sub-cells. The overall output current of the triple-junction battery is limited to the minimum output current of the sub-cell. Under the standard spectral distribution of AM1.5d, Ga 0.50 In 0.50 P subcell and Ga 0.99 In 0.01The currents received by the As subcells are closely matched, while the currents received by the Ge subcells are larger. This current mismatch prevents the Ge subcells from achieving optimal operation, thus underutilizing the long-wavelength sunlight. Due to variations in atmospheric cloud cover, geographic latitude, altitude, season, and solar altitude, the solar spectrum incident on the solar cell will deviate from AM1.5d, causing the currents of the three subcells to change dynamically. Therefore, dynamically allocating the spectrum ratio to achieve current matching among the three subcells can improve the efficiency of the split-photovoltaic system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main technical problem addressed by this invention is how to finely segment the solar spectrum so that incident light with specific wavelengths and transmittance ratios converges and reaches photovoltaic cells, thereby enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells. To address this technical problem, this application provides an optical spectrometer and a spectrophotovoltaic system.

[0006] According to the first aspect, an embodiment provides an optical spectrometer, comprising:

[0007] An optical substrate comprising an incident surface and a corresponding exit surface;

[0008] A plurality of optical films are arranged and distributed on the incident surface, each of the optical films forming a splitting region with predetermined splitting performance, for splitting incident light reaching the splitting region into transmitted light, which is transmitted by light of a specific wavelength band, and reflected light, which is blocked by light of other wavelength bands; each of the optical films forms a splitting region with different splitting performance, and the splitting region formed by each optical film transmits incident light of one wavelength band among a short wavelength band, a medium wavelength band, and a long wavelength band;

[0009] The transmitted light of the optical film enters along the incident surface and is emitted through the exit surface. The exit surface is used to emit the transmitted light of the optical film and form a first mapping area outside the optical substrate. The reflected light of the optical film forms a second mapping area outside the optical substrate after reflection.

[0010] On the optical substrate, a spacing area is provided between adjacent optical films, for dividing incident light reaching the spacing area into transmitted light that passes through a portion of wavelength bands and reflected light that blocks the remaining wavelength bands;

[0011] The transmitted light of the optical substrate and the transmitted light of the optical film are combined to form the first mapping area outside the optical substrate; the reflected light of the optical substrate and the reflected light of the optical film are combined to form the second mapping area outside the optical substrate.

[0012] The distribution width of each optical film is set according to a preset width, and the distribution width of each spacing area is set according to a preset distance, so as to fix the light transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical substrate.

[0013] The optical film is fixedly arranged on the incident surface or movably arranged on the incident surface; when the optical film is movably arranged on the incident surface, the optical film is fixed on an optical panel, and the optical panel is movably connected to the optical base, and is used to change the relative position of the optical film and the incident surface during the movement, so as to change the light transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical base.

[0014] The wavelength of each transmitted light of each optical film is within the range of short wave band, medium wave band or long wave band, and the spectral bands contained in each transmitted light partially overlap or do not overlap.

[0015] The wavelength of each path of transmitted light from each of the spaced areas is within the short-wave range, and the wavelength of each path of reflected light from each of the spaced areas is within the medium-wave range or the long-wave range.

[0016] The shape of the optical matrix is ​​a prism, a cylinder, a cube or a flat plate; the optical matrix is ​​made of a material selected from glass and plastic.

[0017] According to a second aspect, an embodiment provides a splitting photovoltaic system, comprising the optical splitting device described in the first aspect, and further comprising a first photovoltaic cell and a second photovoltaic cell;

[0018] The first photovoltaic cell is disposed in the first mapping area formed by the optical spectrometer, and is used to receive the transmitted light reaching the first mapping area;

[0019] The second photovoltaic cell is disposed in a second mapping area formed by the photovoltaic splitting device, and is configured to receive reflected light that reaches the second mapping area.

[0020] The incident surface of the optical substrate is used to face the light source, so that an angle θ formed between the incident light emitted by the light source and the normal line of the incident surface satisfies 0°<θ<90°.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0022] According to the above-mentioned embodiment, an optical spectrometer device and a spectrophotovoltaic system are provided, which include an optical substrate and a plurality of optical films, wherein the optical substrate includes an incident surface and a corresponding exit surface, and the plurality of optical films are arranged and distributed on the incident surface, each optical film forming a spectrometer area with predetermined spectrometer performance, which is used to separate the incident light reaching the spectrometer area into transmitted light that is transmitted by light of a specific wavelength band and reflected light that is blocked by light of other wavelength bands; each of the optical films respectively forms a spectrometer area with different spectrometer performance, and the spectrometer area formed by each of the optical films transmits incident light of one wavelength band among short wavelength band, medium wavelength band and long wavelength band; the transmitted light of the optical film enters along the incident surface and is emitted through the exit surface, and the exit surface is used to reflect the transmitted light of the optical film and form a first mapping area outside the optical substrate, and the reflected light of the optical film forms a second mapping area outside the optical substrate after reflection. On the one hand, since multiple optical films are arranged on the incident surface of the optical matrix, the optical matrix has the ability to split light, which is conducive to dividing the incident light of the mixed band into the transmitted light of a specific band and the reflected light of the remaining bands, so as to achieve the precise segmentation function of the solar spectrum; on the other hand, since the splitting performance of each optical film can be flexibly set, the transmission and reflection functions of light in different bands can be realized through these optical films, which is conducive to achieving the fine segmentation effect of the solar spectrum, so that most of the short-wave band and part of the medium-wave band light are reflected to form the second mapping area, and most of the long-wave band and part of the medium-wave band light are transmitted to form the first mapping area; on the third hand, by setting the spacing area between adjacent optical films and movably setting the optical film on the incident surface, the user can Flexible adjustment of the spacing, width, and arrangement of the optical film can change the transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical matrix, and then change the spectral radiation energy of the corresponding mapping area, so as to reasonably match the spectral radiation energy ratio of the split bands; fourthly, due to the combination of light of different bands achieved through the optical film and the optical matrix, as well as the flexible adjustment of the transmittance ratio, the photovoltaic cells with different PN junctions arranged in the mapping area can obtain the matching solar spectrum bands and the appropriate amount of solar radiation energy, so that the current output by each PN junction on the photovoltaic cell can achieve a uniform output effect, which is conducive to further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell, especially for multi-junction photovoltaic cells. This splitting photovoltaic system can greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of multi-junction photovoltaic cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an optical spectrometer in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an optical spectrometer in another embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the fixed arrangement and distribution of multiple optical films;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the active arrangement and distribution of multiple optical films;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of light splitting for various optical films;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a split-photovoltaic system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are numbered with associated similar elements. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are provided to enable the present application to be better understood. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that some of the features may be omitted in different circumstances, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid the core portion of the present application being overwhelmed by excessive descriptions, and for those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail. They will fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0030] In addition, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any appropriate manner to form various embodiments. Furthermore, the steps or actions in the method description may be reordered or adjusted in a manner readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are provided solely for the purpose of clearly describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to be mandatory, unless otherwise specified.

[0031] The serial numbers assigned to components herein, such as "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish the objects being described and do not convey any sequential or technical meaning. References to "connection" and "coupling" herein, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (couplings).

[0032] In order to clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, some technical terms will be explained here.

[0033] Optical thin films refer to a class of optical dielectric materials composed of thin, layered dielectrics that propagate light beams through their interfaces. The simplest optical thin film is a smooth, isotropic, uniform dielectric layer. Light propagating within the thin film adheres to the interference theory of light. When a beam of monochromatic light is incident on an optical thin film, it undergoes multiple reflections and refractions on the film's surface. The directions of the reflected and refracted light are determined by the laws of reflection and refraction, while the amplitudes of the reflected and refracted light are determined by the Fresnel equations. Optical thin films can be categorized into many types. Those with spectroscopic properties can split a light beam into two parts according to specific requirements and methods. These primarily include wavelength-splitting films, intensity-splitting films, and polarization-splitting films. Optical thin films have been widely used in the national economy and national defense, and have garnered considerable attention from technical professionals. For example, their application on the surface of photovoltaic cells can improve the efficiency and stability of silicon photovoltaic cells.

[0034] Photovoltaic cells, also known as solar cells, are thin, optoelectronic semiconductor wafers that generate electricity directly from sunlight. Existing photovoltaic cells are primarily crystalline silicon solar cells that operate via the photoelectric effect, directly converting light energy into electricity. They are primarily categorized into single-junction photovoltaic cells and multi-junction photovoltaic cells. The former have lower production costs but absorb a single wavelength, while the latter, while more expensive, can absorb a wider wavelength. Multi-junction photovoltaic cells are highly efficient solar cells. Each cell consists of multiple thin films grown using molecular beam epitaxy or metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The different semiconductors comprised within these thin films have distinct energy gaps, which allow them to absorb electromagnetic energy at specific frequencies within the spectrum. The resulting semiconductors can absorb most frequencies of sunlight, thereby generating more energy.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Please refer to Figure 1 The present application discloses an optical spectrometer, which mainly includes an optical substrate 1 and a plurality of optical films 2, which are described below respectively.

[0037] The optical base 1 includes an incident surface 11 and a corresponding exit surface 12 , such that part of the incident light can enter from the incident surface 11 and exit from the exit surface 12 .

[0038] Multiple optical films 2 are arranged and distributed on the incident surface 11. Each optical film forms a spectroscopic region with predetermined spectroscopic properties, which is used to separate incident light reaching the spectroscopic region into transmitted light, which transmits light of a specific wavelength band, and reflected light, which blocks light of other wavelength bands. As a result, the transmitted light from each optical film enters along the incident surface 11 and is emitted through the exit surface 12. In this embodiment, the exit surface 12 is used to emit the transmitted light of the multiple optical films 2 and form a first mapping region 31 outside the optical substrate 1. Furthermore, the reflected light from the multiple optical films 2 is reflected to form a second mapping region 32 outside the optical substrate 1. In addition, each optical film forms a spectroscopic region with different spectroscopic properties. The spectroscopic region formed by each optical film transmits incident light of one wavelength band among the short wavelength band, the medium wavelength band, and the long wavelength band. This will be described in detail below.

[0039] For example, after light L1 reaches optical film 21, it is split into transmitted light L2 and reflected light L3. Transmitted light L2 ultimately reaches first mapping area 31, while reflected light L3 ultimately reaches second mapping area 32. The directions and wavelengths of transmitted light L2 and reflected light L3 satisfy the theory of optical interference and are not described in detail here. The spectroscopic properties of other optical films can be referred to as optical film 21 and are not described here in detail.

[0040] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 On the optical substrate 1, a spacing region is provided between adjacent optical films. This region is used to separate incident light entering the spacing region into transmitted light, which transmits certain wavelengths, and reflected light, which blocks the remaining wavelengths. Thus, the light transmitted from the optical substrate 1 and the light transmitted from the multiple optical films 2 are combined to form a first mapping region 31 outside the optical substrate 1. The light reflected from the optical substrate 1 and the light reflected from the multiple optical films 2 are combined to form a second mapping region 32 outside the optical substrate 1.

[0041] For example, a spacing region 21' is provided between optical films 21 and 22, while a spacing region 22' is provided between optical films 22 and 23. Upon reaching optical film 21', light ray L4 is split into a transmitted light ray L5 and a reflected light ray L6. Transmitted light ray L5 ultimately reaches first mapping region 31, while reflected light ray L6 ultimately reaches second mapping region 32. The directions and wavelengths of transmitted light ray L5 and reflected light ray L6 also conform to the theory of optical interference and will not be described in detail here. The other spacing regions, like spacing region 21', are located on the incident surface 11 of optical substrate 1 and exhibit similar spectroscopic properties, so they will not be further described here.

[0042] Further, see Figure 3The distribution width of each optical film is set according to a preset width, and the distribution width of each interval area is set according to a preset distance, so as to fix the light transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical substrate.

[0043] For example, the distribution width of the optical film is defined as a, the distribution width of the spacing area is defined as b, and multiple optical films 2 are arranged in a strip grid shape. Then, the distribution width of the optical film 21 can be set to a, the distribution width of the spacing area 21′ can be set to b1, the distribution width of the optical film 22 can be set to a2, the distribution width of the spacing area 22′ can be set to b2, and so on.

[0044] It should be noted that the distribution width a of each optical film and the distribution width b of the spacing regions can be set according to actual application requirements, that is, a or b can be set to the same value or different values. Because the transmittance ratio of each optical film and the transmittance ratio of the optical substrate differ, after setting the distribution width of each optical film according to a preset width and the distribution width of each spacing region according to a preset distance, a portion of the area on the incident surface 11 forms the transmittance ratio of the optical film, and another portion forms the transmittance ratio of the optical substrate. The combination of these two portions can produce a fixed transmittance ratio, that is, a fixed transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical substrate. It can be understood that by changing the distribution width a and the distribution width b, a different transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical substrate can be fixed.

[0045] In this embodiment, the distribution width a of each optical film and the distribution width b of the spacing area are set to different values. Preferably, the values ​​of a and b are determined according to the reflected light spectrum, transmitted light spectrum, reflected light energy, transmitted light energy and the parameters of the optical spectrometer. Figure 3 and Figure 5 Provide explanation.

[0046] See also Figure 3 and Figure 5 , the reflected light L1 on the surface of the optical film 21 is L3, and the transmitted light L4 on the spacing area 21' is L5. Assuming that the width of the incident surface 11 is W and the length of the incident surface 11 is L, the area of ​​the incident surface 11 is S = L × W; assuming that the light intensity corresponding to different wavelengths in the incident light is I(λ), the total light energy corresponding to different wavelengths on the surface of the optical substrate 1 is

[0047] P(λ,θ)=I(λ)×cosθ×S

[0048] If we assume that the surface area of ​​the optical film 21 is S1 = a1 × L, and the reflectivity of light beams of different wavelengths on the optical film 21 is R(λ, θ, d), the surface area of ​​the spacing region 21′ is S2 = b1 × L, and the transmittance of light beams of different wavelengths on the spacing region 21′ is T(λ, θ′, d), then the reflected light energy P1(λ, θ) of light beams of different wavelengths on the optical film 21 is

[0049] P1(λ,θ)=R(λ,θ,d)×I(λ)×cosθ×S1=R(λ,θ,d)×I(λ)×cosθ×a1×L

[0050] Then the transmitted light energy P2(λ,θ) of light beams of different wavelengths on the spacing area 21′ is

[0051] P2(λ,θ′)=T(λ,θ′,d)×I(λ)×cosθ′×S2=T(λ,θ′,d)×I(λ)×cosθ′×b1×L

[0052] Where λ represents the wavelength, θ represents the incident angle, θ′ represents the refraction angle, and d represents the thickness of the optical film.

[0053] It can be seen that as long as the reflected light spectrum, reflected light energy, transmitted light spectrum and transmitted light energy are determined, the distribution width a of the optical film and the distribution width b of the spacing area can be determined by the above calculation formula.

[0054] Furthermore, the plurality of optical films 2 in this embodiment can be fixedly disposed on the incident surface 11, or movably disposed on the incident surface 11. Specifically, each optical film can be fixedly disposed on the incident surface 11 by plating, pasting, adsorption, etc., or each optical film can be movably disposed on the incident surface 11 by displacement.

[0055] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 , all or part of the optical film is movably disposed on the incident surface 11. In this case, the optical films (such as 21, 22) are fixedly disposed on an optical panel (such as 41, 42). The optical panel (such as 41, 42) is movably connected to the optical substrate 1, and is used to change the relative position of the optical films (such as 21, 22) and the incident surface 11 during movement, thereby changing the light transmittance ratio of the optical films and the optical substrate. For example, the optical panels 41 and 42 can move relative to each other and overlap each other. In this case, the total area of ​​the optical films 21 and 22 can be reduced, while the total area of ​​the spacing regions 21' and 22' can be increased, thereby increasing the light transmittance ratio of the optical films and the optical substrate.

[0056] Furthermore, each of the multiple optical films 2 forms a spectral region with different spectral properties. Each spectral region formed by each optical film transmits incident light within one of the short-wavelength band (300-700nm), the medium-wavelength band (700-900nm), and the long-wavelength band (900-1900nm). Specifically, the wavelength of each path of light transmitted by each optical film falls within the short-wavelength band, the medium-wavelength band, or the long-wavelength band, and the spectral bands of each path of light may partially overlap or not overlap.

[0057] For example, see Figure 3 Optical film 21 transmits incident light in the 700-800nm ​​band, optical film 22 transmits incident light in the 600-700nm band, and optical film 23 transmits incident light in the 500-600nm band. This process is repeated in this order, ultimately allowing each optical film to transmit a portion of light in the mid-wavelength band or a portion of light in the short-wavelength band. To achieve independent spectral performance for each optical film, it is preferable to use optical films with different spectral performance, so that the spectral bands of the transmitted light partially overlap or do not overlap.

[0058] Furthermore, the wavelength of each path of transmitted light from each spaced area on the incident surface 11 is within the short wavelength range (300-700nm), and the wavelength of each path of reflected light from each spaced area is within the medium wavelength range (700-900nm) or the long wavelength range (900-1900nm). For example, the optical substrate 1 in this embodiment uses colored optical glass to change the solar spectrum distribution, allowing light in the short wavelength range to be transmitted while reflecting light in the medium wavelength range or the long wavelength range.

[0059] In this embodiment, the optical substrate 1 may be in the form of a prism, cylinder, cube, or flat plate. For example, if the optical substrate 1 is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, two incident surfaces can be formed on the rectangular parallelepiped, enabling simultaneous injection of multiple incident light paths. Preferably, the optical substrate 1 is in the form of a triangular prism, which allows for convenient formation of the first mapping region 31 using a transmissive light path and the second mapping region 32 using a reflective light path.

[0060] In this embodiment, the optical substrate 1 is made of a material selected from glass and plastic, exhibiting excellent light transmission properties. The dispersion coefficient of the optical substrate 1 can be pre-set by selecting different optical materials. A larger dispersion coefficient indicates a stronger light splitting capability, while a smaller dispersion coefficient indicates a weaker light splitting capability. For example, using colored optical glass can achieve transmission of light in both a portion of the mid-wavelength band and the entire long-wavelength band.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Please refer to Figure 6The present application discloses a splitting photovoltaic system, which includes the optical splitting device disclosed in the above embodiment 1, and also includes a first photovoltaic cell 51 and a second photovoltaic cell 52.

[0063] The first photovoltaic cell 51 is disposed in the first mapping area 31 formed by the optical spectrometer, and is configured to receive the transmitted light reaching the first mapping area 31 .

[0064] The second photovoltaic cell 52 is disposed in the second mapping area 32 formed by the photovoltaic splitting device, and is configured to receive the reflected light 32 that reaches the second mapping area.

[0065] Furthermore, the incident surface 11 of the optical substrate 1 in the splitting photovoltaic system is designed to face the light source 6, such that the angle θ formed between the incident light emitted by the light source and the normal to the incident surface 11 satisfies 0°<θ<90°, preferably set to 45°. This allows the incident light to be separated into transmitted light emitted at a certain angle and reflected light reflected at a certain angle when it reaches the optical film 2 and the optical substrate 1. This allows the first mapping area 31 and the second mapping area 32 to be spatially separated as much as possible, facilitating the positioning of the first photovoltaic cell 51 and the second photovoltaic cell 52.

[0066] It should be noted that the light source 6 in this embodiment can be the sun or an artificial light source device, which is not limited here.

[0067] Furthermore, the first photovoltaic cell 51 and the second photovoltaic cell 52 both use multi-junction photovoltaic cells. Since multi-junction photovoltaic cells (made of materials such as GaInP / Ga(In)As / Ge, AI-GaAs / GaAs, GaInP / GaAs or GaInP / GaInAs) have the ability to absorb light in multiple bands, especially for full-band sunlight, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of multi-junction photovoltaic cells is higher.

[0068] In another embodiment, the first photovoltaic cell 51 can be a multi-junction photovoltaic cell, and the second photovoltaic cell 52 can be a single-junction photovoltaic cell (made of materials such as Si, cadmium telluride, perovskite, and CIGS), so that the first photovoltaic cell 51 absorbs sunlight in all short-wave bands and part of the long-wave band, and the second photovoltaic cell 52 absorbs sunlight in part of the medium-wave band and all of the long-wave band. In this way, the first photovoltaic cell 51 and the second photovoltaic cell 52 can operate in different spectral illumination states, which can not only match the output current of the two cells, but also maintain the optimal working performance of the two cells, and save application costs.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solution of the present application is mainly to achieve the best match between the transmittance ratio and the photoelectric conversion by setting the spectral performance of the optical film, adjusting the relative position of the optical film and the optical substrate, and setting photovoltaic cells with different performances. Since the combination of light of different bands is achieved through the optical film and the optical substrate, and the flexible adjustment demand of the transmittance ratio is achieved, the photovoltaic cells with different PN junctions set in the mapping area can obtain the solar spectrum band and the appropriate amount of solar radiation energy that match it, and improve the problem of mismatch in the output current of each sub-cell of the multi-junction photovoltaic cell. In this way, the current output by each PN junction on the photovoltaic cell can achieve a uniform output effect, which is conducive to further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In particular, for multi-junction photovoltaic cells, this spectral photovoltaic system can greatly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the multi-junction photovoltaic cell.

[0070] The above examples are used to illustrate the present invention, which are only used to help understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions based on the concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical spectrometer, characterized in that: include: An optical substrate, comprising an incident surface and a corresponding exit surface; A plurality of optical films are arranged and distributed on the incident surface, each of the optical films forms a spectroscopic region with a predetermined spectroscopic performance, and is used to separate the incident light reaching the spectroscopic region into transmitted light transmitted by light of a specific wavelength band and reflected light blocked by light of other wavelength bands; each of the optical films respectively forms a spectroscopic region with different spectroscopic performances, and the spectroscopic region formed by each of the optical films transmits incident light of one wavelength band among a short wavelength band, a medium wavelength band and a long wavelength band; the optical film includes a wavelength spectroscopic film, a light intensity spectroscopic film or a polarization spectroscopic film; The transmitted light of the optical film enters along the incident surface and is emitted through the emitting surface, and the emitting surface is used to emit the transmitted light of the optical film and form a first mapping area outside the optical substrate; The reflected light of the optical film forms a second mapping area outside the optical substrate after being reflected; Wherein, on the optical substrate, a spacing area is provided between adjacent optical films, for dividing the incident light reaching the spacing area into transmitted light through which light of a certain wavelength band passes and reflected light blocked by light of other wavelength bands; the transmitted light of the optical substrate and the transmitted light of the optical film are combined to form the first mapping area outside the optical substrate; the reflected light of the optical substrate and the reflected light of the optical film are combined to form the second mapping area outside the optical substrate; Wherein, the optical film is movably arranged on the incident surface; when the optical film is movably arranged on the incident surface, the optical film is fixed on an optical panel, and the optical panel is movably connected to the optical substrate, so as to change the relative position of the optical film and the incident surface during the movement, so as to change the light transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical substrate.

2. The optical spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein: The distribution width of each of the optical films is set according to a preset width, and the distribution width of each of the spacing areas is set according to a preset distance, so as to fix the light transmittance ratio of the optical film and the optical substrate.

3. The optical spectrometer according to claim 2, wherein: The wavelength of each transmission light of each optical film is within the range of short-wave band, medium-wave band or long-wave band, and the spectral bands contained in each transmission light are partially overlapped or non-overlapped.

4. The optical spectrometer according to claim 3, wherein: The wavelength of each path of transmitted light in each of the spacing areas is within the range of the short-wave band, and the wavelength of each path of reflected light in each of the spacing areas is within the range of the medium-wave band or the long-wave band.

5. The optical spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The shape of the optical matrix is ​​a prism, a cylinder, a cube or a flat plate; the optical matrix is ​​made of a material selected from glass and plastic.

6. A split-light photovoltaic system, characterized in that: The optical spectrometer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a first photovoltaic cell and a second photovoltaic cell; The first photovoltaic cell is disposed in the first mapping area formed by the optical spectrometer, and is used to receive the transmitted light reaching the first mapping area; The second photovoltaic cell is disposed in the second mapping area formed by the optical spectrometer, and is used to receive the reflected light reaching the second mapping area.

7. The splitting photovoltaic system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The incident surface of the optical substrate is used to face the light source, so that the angle θ formed between the incident light emitted by the light source and the normal line of the incident surface satisfies 0°<θ<90°.

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