Bone fixation nails and bone fixation components

Abstract

The embodiments of the present invention provide a bone fixation nail and a bone fixation assembly, which relate to the field of medical equipment. The bone fixation nail is provided with a mounting through hole for mounting an anti-rotation nail, and the axis of the mounting through hole is not in the same plane as the axis of the bone fixation nail. The bone fixation nail can enhance the firmness of the fixation of femoral neck fractures, is not easy to shift, rotate and withdraw, and is convenient for the patient's recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, and in particular to a bone fixation nail and a bone fixation assembly. Background Art

[0002] Fractures are common diseases, and external fixation structures are needed to fix and repair the fractured parts during treatment. For example, for femoral neck fractures, existing surgical fixation techniques include simple hollow screw fixation, dynamic condylar sliding compression plate plus anti-rotation screw fixation, or combined screw fixation.

[0003] The study found that the existing combined screws used to treat femoral neck fractures have the following disadvantages:

[0004] Currently, double nail fixation is used in the market. Postoperatively, nail withdrawal is prone to occur during rehabilitation exercises in patients, resulting in failure of femoral neck reduction and increasing the risk of secondary surgery for patients. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention includes, for example, providing a bone fixation nail and a bone fixation assembly, which are not prone to nail backing out, can enhance the firmness of femoral neck fracture fixation, and avoid secondary surgery.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a bone fixation nail for use with an anti-rotation nail. The bone fixation nail is provided with an installation through hole for installing the anti-rotation nail, and the axis of the installation through hole is not in the same plane as the axis of the bone fixation nail.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, one end of the axis of the mounting through hole extends to the end surface where the tail end of the bone fixation nail is located.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, a thread groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the bone fixation nail.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, a space is provided between an end of the thread groove away from the insertion end of the bone fixation nail and the trailing end of the bone fixation nail to form a smooth section.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the bone fixing nail is provided with an avoidance groove communicating with the installation through hole, and the length of the avoidance groove extends along the axial direction of the installation through hole.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, a sliding groove for inserting the fixing plate is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the bone fixing nail, and the sliding groove and the installation through hole are independent of each other.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the hole wall of the mounting through hole is provided with an internal thread.

[0014] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a bone fixation assembly, comprising:

[0015] The anti-rotation nail and the bone fixation nail of any one of the aforementioned embodiments, wherein the anti-rotation nail is inserted into a mounting through hole on the bone fixation nail.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the bone fixation assembly further includes a locking nut connected to the bone fixation nail to prevent the anti-rotation nail from falling out of the rear end of the bone fixation nail.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the bone fixation assembly further includes a fixation plate, which is connected to the bone fixation nail, and the fixation plate is used to fit the outer side of the part to be fixed.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention include, for example:

[0019] In summary, the bone fixation nail provided in this embodiment is used in conjunction with the anti-rotation nail. The bone fixation nail is provided with an installation through hole. When in use, the bone fixation nail is first combined with the bone segment to be fixed, and then the anti-rotation nail is inserted into the installation through hole and combined with the bone tissue. Since the installation through hole and the projection of the axis of the bone fixation nail on the reference plane have an angle, and the installation through hole and the reference plane have an angle, after the anti-rotation nail is inserted into the installation through hole, the projection of the anti-rotation nail and the bone fixation nail on the reference plane have an angle, and the anti-rotation nail and the reference plane have an angle, after the anti-rotation nail is combined with the bone fixation nail, the fracture position is fixed in three-dimensional space, there are more directions of fixation, it is not easy to back out, and the fixation is more firm and reliable. At the same time, after the bone fixation nail and the anti-rotation nail are inserted into the human tissue, they are not easy to withdraw from the human tissue, so repeated surgery is avoided and the patient's recovery is convenient.

[0020] This embodiment also provides a bone fixation system, including the above-mentioned bone fixation nail, which has a good fixation effect and is convenient for patients to recover. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the bone fixation assembly provided in this embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the bone fixation assembly provided in this embodiment;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the bone fixation nail provided in this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a first axis and a reference plane provided in this embodiment;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure in the S direction;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing plate provided in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the application of the bone fixation assembly provided in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the coordination between the bone fixation assembly and the matching tools provided in this embodiment.

[0030] icon:

[0031] 001-bone fixation assembly; 100-bone fixation nail; 110-mounting through hole; 111-first axis; 120-second axis; 130-smooth section; 140-fixed section; 141-threaded groove; 150-insertion end; 160-tail end; 170-avoidance groove; 180-slide groove; 200-anti-rotation nail; 300-fixation plate; 310-plug-in part; 320-fitting plate part; 330-anti-retreat through hole; 400-anti-retreat nut; 002-bone segment; 003-reference plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0035] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear to indicate an orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0036] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish between the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0038] At present, femoral neck fracture is a common fracture, which is mainly fixed by hollow screw fixation or dynamic condylar sliding compression plate plus anti-rotation screw fixation. When using hollow screw fixation, it is difficult to accurately insert multiple hollow screws close to the cortex in a small femoral neck fracture. It is often necessary to insert the guide needle under fluoroscopy multiple times to destroy the bone, which increases the operation time, causes the patient to have anesthesia for too long during the operation, increases trauma, and has a high incidence of complications. In addition, the use of hollow screws for fixation alone has poor stability, weak compression resistance, weak anti-rotation ability, and poor secondary compression effect after bone absorption. The probability of complications such as non-union of fractures, femoral head necrosis, hollow screw penetration into the joint or even the pelvic cavity, or loosening and withdrawal is high. Once the above complications occur, the patient needs to remove the original bone and undergo hip replacement, which seriously increases the patient's chance of trauma and infection and increases the patient's mortality rate. If the hollow screw penetrates the pelvic cavity and injures the blood vessels and nerves, it may cause the patient's death or paralysis.

[0039] The dynamic condylar sliding compression plate plus anti-rotation screw fixation is difficult to operate, and the plate placement often causes fractures, resulting in severe bone damage to the patient, making it difficult for the patient to recover. At the same time, the operation requires the removal of a large amount of cortical bone, which has poor anti-rotation performance, causing internal fixation failure, hip varus and femoral head necrosis, leading to surgical failure. After the operation fails, hip replacement is required, which seriously increases the patient's chances of trauma and infection, and can lead to the patient's death or shortened life span.

[0040] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, this embodiment provides a bone fixation assembly 001, which is suitable for being implanted in the human body during a fracture surgery to fix the fracture site, so as to facilitate the patient's recovery. The bone fixation assembly 001 is easy to implant and operate, has good stability, strong pressure resistance, good anti-rotation performance, is not easy to loosen and withdraw, reduces the probability of complications, and facilitates the patient's recovery.

[0041] See also Figure 1-Figure 5The bone fixation assembly 001 provided in this embodiment includes a bone fixation nail 100 and an anti-rotation nail 200. The bone fixation nail 100 is provided with an installation through hole 110 for installing the anti-rotation nail 200, and the axis of the installation through hole 110 is not in the same plane as the axis of the bone fixation nail 100 itself.

[0042] The operation method of the bone fixation assembly 001 provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0043] It is set that the axis of the bone fixing nail 100 is located on the reference plane 003, and the reference plane 003 is the only plane determined by the bone fixing nail 100 and the position to be installed when the bone fixing nail 100 is installed. The axis of the installation through hole 110 and the projection of the axis of the bone fixing nail 100 on the reference plane 003 have an angle, and the axis of the installation through hole 110 and the reference plane 003 have an angle. When in use, the bone fixing nail 100 is first implanted into the part of the bone segment 002 to be fixed, combined with the bone segment 002 to be fixed, and after the position of the bone fixing nail 100 is inserted to the set position, the anti-rotation nail 200 is inserted into the installation through hole 110 and combined with the bone tissue. Since the axis of the installation through hole 110 is not in the same plane as the axis of the bone fixing nail 100, that is, after the anti-rotation nail 200 is inserted into the installation through hole 110, the axis of the anti-rotation nail 200 is not in the same plane as the axis of the bone fixing nail 100, and the two are not in the same plane, after the bone fixing component 001 is implanted in the human body, the external force it receives is more dispersed, it is not easy to be rotated, and the anti-rotation effect is good. At the same time, the axis of the anti-rotation nail 200 and the projection of the axis of the bone fixing nail 100 on the reference plane 003 have an angle, and the installation through hole 110 and the reference plane 003 have an angle. After the anti-rotation nail 200 is inserted into the installation through hole 110, the projection of the anti-rotation nail 200 and the bone fixing nail 100 on the reference plane 003 have an angle, and the anti-rotation nail 200 and the reference plane 003 have an angle. After the anti-rotation nail 200 cooperates with the bone fixing nail 100, the position of the bone segment 002 to be fixed is fixed in three-dimensional space, the fixing direction is more, and the bite force between the bone segment 002 and the bone fixing component 001 is better. After the bone fixing nail 100 and the anti-rotation nail 200 are inserted into the human tissue, it is not easy to withdraw from the human tissue, avoiding repeated surgery and facilitating patient recovery. At the same time, after the anti-rotation nail 200 is combined with the bone tissue, it is not easy to rotate and has good anti-rotation performance.

[0044] It should be noted that the inventors found in practice that the existing screw combination structure includes a first screw and a second screw, the first screw and the second screw are cross-threaded, and the first screw and the second screw have an angle. Although the prior art also uses two screws to fix the bone segment 002, the first screw and the second screw are located in the same plane, and the bone segment 002 is fixed in a two-dimensional space. The screw combination structure has a small binding force with the bone segment 002, poor firmness, and poor anti-retraction and anti-rotation performance.

[0045] See also Figure 3In this embodiment, optionally, the bone fixing nail 100 is in the shape of an elongated strip. The bone fixing nail 100 has a connected smooth section 130 and a fixed section 140 along its axial direction. The smooth section 130 and the fixed section 140 are integrally formed and coaxially arranged. The end of the fixed section 140 away from the smooth section 130 is the insertion end 150 of the bone fixing nail 100, and the end of the smooth section 130 away from the fixed section 140 is the tail end 160 of the bone fixing nail 100. When in use, the tail end 160 can be operated to insert the insertion end 150 into the bone tissue. A threaded groove 141 is provided on the fixed section 140. It should be noted that the smooth section 130 is only relative to the fixed section 140, and is relatively smoother because the threaded groove 141 is not provided.

[0046] Optionally, a slide groove 180 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the smooth section 130. The slide groove 180 may be a rectangular groove. The length of the slide groove 180 extends along the axial direction of the bone fixing nail 100. One end of the slide groove 180 along its length direction extends to the tail end 160 of the bone fixing nail 100. The number of the slide groove 180 is at least one. When the number of the slide grooves 180 is multiple, the multiple slide grooves 180 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the smooth section 130. In this embodiment, the number of the slide grooves 180 is set to two, and the two slide grooves 180 are symmetrically arranged relative to the center plane of the smooth section 130 passing through its axis.

[0047] Optionally, the mounting through hole 110 is a long strip-shaped hole provided on the bone fixing nail 100. One end of the mounting through hole 110 extends to the tail end 160 of the bone fixing nail 100, and the other end of the mounting through hole 110 is located on the outer peripheral surface of the smooth section 130. Furthermore, an avoidance groove 170 corresponding to the mounting through hole 110 is provided on the smooth section 130 and the fixing section 140, the length of the avoidance groove 170 extends along the axial direction of the mounting through hole 110, and the groove depth of the avoidance groove 170 gradually decreases from the tail end 160 to the insertion end 150. By extending one end of the mounting through hole 110 to the end face where the tail end 160 is located, it is convenient for the anti-rotation nail 200 to be inserted into the mounting through hole 110 from the tail end 160. By setting the avoidance groove 170, the anti-rotation nail 200 inserted into the installation through hole 110 fits with the bottom of the avoidance groove 170, the contact area between the anti-rotation nail 200 and the bone fixation nail 100 is large, the position of the anti-rotation nail 200 is more firm, not easy to move, and the anti-rotation effect is good.

[0048] Furthermore, a portion of the mounting through hole 110 close to the tail end 160 is provided with an internal thread for threaded engagement with the anti-rotation pin 200 , so that the anti-rotation pin 200 has better anti-retraction and anti-rotation effects.

[0049] See also Figure 5In this embodiment, for ease of description, the axis of the mounting through hole 110 is set as the first axis 111, and the axis of the bone fixing nail 100 is set as the second axis 120. The angle range between the first axis 111 and the second axis 120 in the reference plane 003 is ≥4°. Optionally, the angle range between the first axis 111 and the second axis 120 in the reference plane 003 is 4°-6°. For example, the angle between the first axis 111 and the second axis 120 in the reference plane 003 may be 4°, 5°, or 6°.

[0050] In other embodiments, the included angle between the first axis 111 of the mounting through hole 110 and the second axis 120 of the bone fixing nail 100 in the reference plane 003 may be 4°-5° or 5°-6°.

[0051] See also Figure 4 In this embodiment, the angle between the first axis 111 of the mounting through hole 110 and the reference plane 003 is greater than 0°.

[0052] In this embodiment, the outer circumferential surface of the anti-rotation pin 200 is provided with external threads. After the anti-rotation pin 200 is inserted into the installation through hole 110 from the tail end 160 , the external threads on the anti-rotation pin 200 are threadedly engaged with the internal threads in the installation through hole 110 .

[0053] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the bone fixation assembly 001 further includes a fixing plate 300 and an anti-retraction nut 400. The fixing plate 300 is provided with an inserting portion 310 and a fitting plate portion 320, and the fixing plate 300 is provided with an anti-retraction through hole 330 that penetrates both the inserting portion 310 and the fixing plate 300. The hole wall of the anti-retraction through hole 330 is provided with anti-rotation protrusions, and the number of anti-rotation protrusions is equal to the number of slide grooves 180 on the bone fixation nail 100, and a portion of the anti-retraction through hole 330 is provided with threads. The anti-retraction nut 400 is used to be screwed and fixed with the anti-retraction through hole 330 on the inserting portion 310 to resist the anti-rotation nail 200 inserted in the anti-retraction through hole 330, so that the anti-rotation nail 200 is more difficult to be withdrawn, thereby enhancing the anti-rotation effect.

[0054] At the same time, the fixing plate 300 is only provided with a through hole for installing the anti-retraction nut 400, and the fixing plate 300 has a high structural strength and is not easily damaged.

[0055] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8The bone fixation assembly 001 provided in this embodiment is used for surgery using matching tools. First, the bone fixation nail 100 is implanted into the bone segment 002, and then the plug-in portion 310 of the fixing plate 300 is inserted into the bone segment 002 and sleeved outside the bone fixation nail 100. The anti-rotation protrusion in the plug-in portion 310 is snap-fitted with the slide groove 180 on the bone fixation nail 100, and the plate surface of the fitting plate portion 320 fits with the outer surface of the bone segment 002. Then, the anti-rotation nail 200 is inserted into the installation through hole 110 from the anti-retreat through hole 330 and screwed into the installation through hole 110. Finally, the anti-rotation nut is screwed into the anti-retreat through hole 330, and the anti-rotation nut is supported on the end of the anti-rotation nail 200. The bone fixation assembly 001 is easy to implant, causes little damage to bone tissue, and is stable and reliable. After the bone fixation nail 100 and the anti-rotation nail 200 are inserted into the human tissue, they are not easy to withdraw from the human tissue, thus avoiding repeated surgery. At the same time, after the anti-rotation nail 200 is combined with the bone tissue, it is not easy to rotate, has good anti-rotation performance, and is convenient for the patient's recovery.

[0056] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A bone fixation assembly, characterized in that: include: An anti-rotation screw, a bone fixation screw, a fixing plate and an anti-retraction nut, wherein the bone fixation screw is provided with a mounting through hole, and the axis of the mounting through hole is not in the same plane as the axis of the bone fixation screw; The bone fixing nail is in the shape of an elongated strip, and the bone fixing nail has a connected smooth section and a fixed section along its axial direction, the end of the fixed section away from the smooth section is the insertion end of the bone fixing nail, and the end of the smooth section away from the fixed section is the tail end of the bone fixing nail, and the tail end is operated to insert the insertion end into the bone tissue; a threaded groove is provided on the fixing section, and a sliding groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the smooth section; the mounting through hole is an elongated hole provided on the bone fixing nail; one end of the mounting through hole extends to the tail end of the bone fixing nail, and the other end of the mounting through hole is located on the outer peripheral surface of the smooth section; avoidance grooves corresponding to the mounting through hole are provided on the smooth section and the fixed section, and the length of the avoidance groove extends along the axial direction of the mounting through hole; the anti-rotation nail is inserted into the mounting through hole on the bone fixing nail; The fixing plate is provided with an inserting portion and a fitting plate portion, and the fixing plate is provided with an anti-retraction through hole which penetrates the inserting portion and the fixing plate at the same time; an anti-rotation protrusion is provided on the hole wall of the anti-retraction through hole; a part of the anti-retraction through hole is provided with a thread, and the anti-retraction nut is used to be screwed and fixed with the anti-retraction through hole on the inserting portion to resist the anti-rotation nail inserted in the anti-retraction through hole; First, the bone fixing screw is implanted into the bone segment, and then the plug-in portion of the fixing plate is inserted into the bone segment and sleeved outside the bone fixing screw, the anti-rotation protrusion in the plug-in portion is snap-fitted with the slide groove on the bone fixing screw, and the plate surface of the fitting plate portion fits with the outer surface of the bone segment; then, the anti-rotation screw is inserted into the installation through hole from the anti-retreat through hole and screwed into the installation through hole, and then the anti-retreat nut is screwed into the anti-retreat through hole, so that the anti-retreat nut is abutted against the end of the anti-rotation screw.

2. The bone fixation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone fixation assembly further comprises a locking nut connected to the bone fixation nail to prevent the anti-rotation nail from falling out from the rear end of the bone fixation nail.

3. The bone fixation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove depth of the avoidance groove gradually decreases from the tail end to the insertion end.

4. The bone fixation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axis of the mounting through hole is set as the first axis, the axis of the bone fixing nail is set as the second axis, and the angle range between the first axis and the second axis in the reference plane is ≥4°; the reference plane is a plane determined by the bone fixing nail and the installation position when installing the bone fixing nail.

5. The bone fixation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between one end of the thread groove away from the insertion end of the bone fixing nail and the tail end of the bone fixing nail to form a smooth section.

6. The bone fixation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hole wall of the mounting through hole is provided with an internal thread.

7. The bone fixation assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: An outer peripheral surface of the anti-rotation nail is provided with an external thread. After the anti-rotation nail is inserted into the installation through hole from the rear end, the external thread on the anti-rotation nail is threadedly matched with the internal thread in the installation through hole.

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