A passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer

Abstract

The invention discloses a passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer, comprising an upper joint, a nozzle, a gasket, an inner cylinder, a heart valve, an outer cylinder, a punch, a half hoop, a square sleeve and an anvil, wherein the bottom of the upper joint is connected with the top of the outer cylinder, the nozzle and the gasket are arranged in the upper joint, the inner cylinder is arranged in the outer cylinder, the valve core and the valve stem of the heart valve are respectively inserted into the valve core cavity and the valve stem cavity of the inner cylinder, the bottom end of the inner cylinder is a piston cavity, the piston and the hammer body of the punch are respectively inserted into the piston cavity of the inner cylinder and the hammer body cavity of the outer cylinder, the bottom of the outer cylinder is connected with the square sleeve, and the anvil is inserted into the square sleeve; the invention can effectively reduce the chance of blocking of moving parts and improve the downhole working reliability of the hydraulic hammer, completely eliminate the rigid back-hitting phenomenon of the punch, improve the utilization rate of liquid energy and the working life of wearing parts, simply change the structural parameters of the nozzle and the heart valve to adjust the impact performance, and adjust the pump displacement to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic hammer in a large range, and has the technical advantages of simple structure, convenient processing and greatly reduced manufacturing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical fields of drilling engineering and geological core drilling, and in particular to a valve-type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer. Background Art

[0002] During the drilling or geological core drilling process, the hydraulic down-the-hole hammer (hereinafter referred to as hydraulic hammer) connected to the upper end of the drill bit or coring drill tool generates and outputs high-frequency axial vibration to the drill bit under the drive of the drilling fluid. This vibration acts on the rock in conjunction with the rotary motion of the drill bit, cutting and crushing the rock in an impact rotary manner to improve drilling efficiency.

[0003] The current valve-type hydraulic hammer has technical defects such as the center valve is easily blocked in a high-viscosity drilling fluid environment, the hammer has a rigid backlash when the hydraulic hammer is working, and it is difficult to match the displacement when the hydraulic hammer works in conjunction with other large-displacement bottom hole power drilling tools (such as screw drills and turbine drills). Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. It is a working mechanism in which the hammer pushes the heart valve to switch the water path to achieve the reciprocating motion of the hammer body, and the mechanism can adjust the working performance of the hydraulic hammer by simply changing the structural dimensions of the heart valve and the nozzle.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer, comprising an upper joint, a nozzle, a gasket, an inner cylinder, a heart valve, an outer cylinder, a hammer, a half hoop, a square sleeve and an anvil, wherein the upper joint, the nozzle, the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder and the square sleeve are all hollow structures, the bottom of the upper joint is connected to the top of the outer cylinder, the nozzle and the gasket are arranged in the upper joint, the inner cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the nozzle and is located in the outer cylinder, the valve core and the valve stem of the heart valve are respectively inserted into the valve core cavity and the valve stem of the inner cylinder The bottom end of the inner cylinder is a piston cavity, the hammer is arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the piston and hammer body of the hammer are respectively inserted into the piston cavity of the inner cylinder and the hammer body cavity of the outer cylinder, the bottom of the outer cylinder is connected to the square sleeve, the shaft neck and the shaft square of the anvil are respectively inserted into the neck cavity and the square cavity of the square sleeve, and a hoop groove is arranged on the shaft neck of the square sleeve, and two half hoops are clamped in the hoop groove, and the outer diameter of the half hoops is the same as the diameter of the hammer body cavity of the outer cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the upper joint is threadedly connected to the top of the outer cylinder, and the bottom of the outer cylinder is threadedly connected to the square sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, the nozzle seat is on a gasket, and the gasket seat is on a shoulder of a cylindrical cavity in the upper joint and is pressed and positioned by the male threaded end of a drill collar or a drill rod.

[0009] Preferably, the inner cylinder seat is hung on the boss inside the outer cylinder and is pressed and positioned by the male thread of the upper joint.

[0010] Preferably, the interior of the upper joint is a cylindrical cavity with a shoulder, the bottom of the cylindrical cavity is formed into a conical cavity expanding outward, and the bottom of the upper joint is a threaded connection end.

[0011] Preferably, the outer cylinder is a thin-walled pipe, the top and bottom ends of the outer cylinder are both threaded connection ends, a boss is provided at the bottom of the top thread of the outer cylinder, the boss is used to hang the inner cylinder, and the inner cavity of the outer cylinder at the bottom of the boss is the hammer cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the inner cylinder is provided with a spray chamber, a buffer hole, a valve core chamber, a valve stem chamber and a piston chamber in sequence from the top end to the bottom end along the axis of the body; an inclined hole and a variable flow chamber are provided on the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder in the circumferential direction; the spray chamber and the valve core chamber have the same diameter, the diameter of the buffer hole is larger than the diameter of the spray chamber, the diameter of the valve stem chamber is smaller than the diameter of the valve core chamber, the diameter of the piston chamber is larger than the diameter of the buffer hole, the number of the inclined holes and the variable flow chamber is the same, 2 to 4 each, which are staggered and symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder body; the inclined hole is connected with the buffer hole and the valve core chamber; the variable flow chamber is a straight groove with an arc-shaped cross section, which is only connected with the piston chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the heart valve comprises a conical solid guide cone, a cylindrical solid valve core and a cylindrical solid valve stem from the top to the bottom, a throttling seam is provided on the valve stem, and the bottom end of the valve stem is spherical crown-shaped.

[0014] Preferably, the hammer comprises a cylindrical solid piston and a hammer body from the top end to the bottom end, the diameter of the piston is smaller than the diameter of the hammer body, a piston groove is axially distributed on the piston, and a hammer groove is circumferentially distributed on the hammer body, the piston groove and the hammer groove are both straight grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections, the piston groove is a half groove opened at the top end of the hammer body, and the hammer groove is a through groove opened at the bottom end of the hammer body, and the bottom end of the hammer body is spherical crown-shaped.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:

[0016] The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer provided by the present invention can help to unblock the heart valve when the heart valve is blocked by the upward rapid striking of the hammer against the valve stem; the rigid back-hitting of the hammer can be completely eliminated; the pumping volume to ensure the normal operation of the hammer can be adjusted over a wide range by changing the diameter of the nozzle jet hole; the stroke of the hammer can be changed by changing the length of the valve stem, thereby adjusting the impact frequency and impact work of the hammer; the hammer has a simple structure, is easy to process, and has greatly reduced manufacturing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic hammer state of the passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer of the present invention under the lifting and lowering drilling working condition, wherein Figure (a) and Figure (b) are a front view cross-sectional view and a left view cross-sectional view respectively;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydraulic hammer of the passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer of the present invention entering the initial state of operation, wherein Figure (a) and Figure (b) are a front view cross-sectional view and a left view cross-sectional view respectively;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a state in which the core valve and the punch of the passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer of the present invention reach the top dead center and start to move downward, wherein Figure (a) and Figure (b) are a front view cross-sectional view and a left view cross-sectional view respectively;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the upper joint, nozzle and gasket;

[0022] Figure 5 The middle figure (a) is a front cross-sectional view of the inner cylinder;

[0023] Figure 5 The middle figure (b) is the AA section of figure (a);

[0024] Figure 5 The middle figure (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the B direction of figure (b);

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heart valve;

[0026] Figure 7 The middle figure (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hammer;

[0027] Figure 7 The middle figure (b) is a C-direction view of the figure (a);

[0028] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer cylinder;

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a half-closed hoop;

[0030] Fig.10 The middle figure (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the square set;

[0031] Fig.10The middle figure (b) is a D-direction view of the figure (a);

[0032] Fig.11 The middle figure (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anvil;

[0033] Fig.11 The middle figure (b) is a C-direction view of the figure (a).

[0034] In the figure: 1, upper joint, 1-1, cylindrical cavity, 1-2, cone cavity, 2, nozzle, 2-1, convergent cavity, 2-2, jet hole, 3, inner cylinder, 3-1, spray chamber, 3-2, buffer hole, 3-3, inclined hole, 3-4, variable flow cavity, 3-5, valve core cavity, 3-6, valve stem cavity, 3-7, piston cavity, 4, heart valve, 4-1, guide cone, 4-2, valve core, 4-3, throttling gap, 4-4, valve stem, 5, outer cylinder, 5-1, boss, 5-2, hammer body cavity, 6, hammer, 6-1, piston groove, 6-2, piston, 6-3, hammer body, 6-4, hammer groove, 7, half-closing hoop, 8, square sleeve, 8-1, neck cavity, 8-2, square cavity, 9, anvil, 9-1, hoop groove, 9-2, shaft neck, 9-3, shaft square, 9-4, inclined hole, 9-5, straight hole, 10, gasket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 to Figure 3As shown, it includes an upper joint 1, a nozzle 2, an inner cylinder 3, a heart valve 4, an outer cylinder 5, a hammer 6, a half hoop 7, a square sleeve 8 and an anvil 9, and a gasket 10. The upper joint 1, the nozzle 2, the inner cylinder 3, the outer cylinder 5 and the square sleeve 8 are all hollow structures. The bottom of the upper joint 1 is threadedly connected to the top of the outer cylinder 5. The gasket 10 is seated on the shoulder of the cylindrical cavity 1-1 in the upper joint 1. The nozzle 2 is seated on the gasket 10 and is pressed and positioned by the male thread end of the drill collar or drill rod (not shown in the figure). The inner cylinder 3 is set at At the bottom of the nozzle 2, the inner cylinder 3 is hung on the boss 5-1 in the outer cylinder 5, and is pressed and positioned by the male thread of the upper joint 1. The valve core 4-2 and the valve stem 4-4 of the heart valve 4 are respectively inserted into the valve core cavity 3-5 and the valve stem cavity 3-6 of the inner cylinder 3. The bottom end of the inner cylinder is the piston cavity 3-7. The hammer 6 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder 3, and the piston 6-2 and the hammer body 6-3 of the hammer 6 are respectively inserted into the piston cavity 3-7 of the inner cylinder 3 and the hammer body cavity 5-2 of the outer cylinder 5. The bottom of the outer cylinder 5 is connected with the square sleeve 8 (such as Fig.10 As shown) threaded connection, anvil 9 (as Fig.11 The shaft neck 9-2 and the shaft square 9-3 are respectively inserted into the neck cavity 8-1 and the square cavity 8-2 of the square sleeve 8, and a hoop groove 9-1 is provided on the shaft neck 9-2 of the square sleeve 8, and two half-hoops 7 (as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown), the outer diameter of the half hoop 7 is the same as the hammer cavity 5-2 of the outer cylinder 5.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, the interior of the upper joint 1 is a cylindrical cavity 1-1 with a shoulder, the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 1-1 is guided into a conical cavity 1-2 that expands outward, and the bottom of the upper joint 1 is a threaded connection end; the top of the interior of the nozzle 2 is a convergent cavity 2-1 with a gradually decreasing diameter, and the bottom end is a cylindrical jet hole 2-2.

[0040] like Figure 8 As shown, the outer cylinder 5 is a thin-walled pipe fitting, and the top and bottom ends of the outer cylinder 5 are both threaded connection ends. A boss 5-1 is set at the bottom of the top thread of the outer cylinder 5, and the boss 5-1 is used to hang the inner cylinder. The inner cavity of the outer cylinder 5 at the bottom of the boss 5-1 is the hammer body cavity 5-2.

[0041] like Figure 5As shown, the interior of the inner cylinder 3 is provided with a nozzle chamber 3-1, a buffer hole 3-2, a valve core chamber 3-5, a valve stem chamber 3-6 and a piston chamber 3-7 in sequence from the top end to the bottom end along the axis of the body. An inclined hole 3-3 and a flow-changing chamber 3-4 are provided on the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder in the circumferential direction. The nozzle chamber 3-1 has the same diameter as the valve core chamber 3-5, the diameter of the buffer hole 3-2 is larger than the diameter of the nozzle chamber 3-1, the diameter of the valve stem chamber 3-6 is smaller than the diameter of the valve core chamber 3-5, the diameter of the piston chamber 3-7 is larger than the diameter of the buffer hole 3-2, the inclined holes 3-3 and the flow-changing chamber 3-4 are staggered and symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder 3 body, and there are 2 to 4 of them respectively. The inclined hole 3-3 is connected with the buffer hole 3-2 and the valve core 4-2 chamber 3-5, and the flow-changing chamber 3-4 is an arc groove, which is only connected with the piston chamber 3-7.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the heart valve 4 comprises a conical solid guide cone 4-1, a cylindrical solid valve core 4-2 and a cylindrical solid valve stem 4-4 from the top to the bottom, a throttling seam 4-3 is provided on the valve stem 4-4, and the bottom end of the valve stem 4-4 is spherical; the heart valve 4 and the valve cavity of the inner cylinder 3, the piston 6-2 of the hammer 6 and the cavity 3-7 of the piston 6-2 of the inner cylinder 3, the hammer body 6-3 of the hammer 6 and the cavity 5-2 of the hammer body 6-3 of the outer cylinder 5, the square sleeve 8 and the anvil 9, the semi-closing hoop 7 and the cavity 5-2 of the hammer body 6-3 of the outer cylinder 5 are all connected by sliding fit.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown, the free top and bottom of the hammer 6 are cylindrical solid piston 6-2 and hammer body 6-3 respectively. The diameter of the piston 6-2 is smaller than that of the hammer body 6-3. A piston groove 6-1 is axially distributed on the piston 6-2, and a hammer groove 6-4 is circumferentially distributed on the hammer body 6-3. Both the piston groove 6-1 and the hammer groove 6-4 are arc-shaped grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections. The piston groove 6-1 is a half groove opened at the top of the hammer body 6-3, and the hammer groove 6-4 is a through groove opened at the bottom of the hammer body 6-3. The bottom end of the hammer body 6-3 is spherical.

[0044] Figure 1 To illustrate the hydraulic hammer status under drilling conditions:

[0045] The anvil 9, the hammer 6 and the heart valve 4 are all in the lower limit position, and part of the piston groove 6-1 of the hammer 6 is exposed outside the piston chamber 3-7 of the inner cylinder 3. At this time, the drilling fluid is pumped in, and part of the liquid ejected from the jet hole 2-2 of the nozzle 2 is directly sprayed into the receiving and spraying chamber 3-1 of the inner cylinder 3 and enters the outer cylinder 5 from the inclined hole 3-3, and part of it enters the outer cylinder 5 from the cone chamber 1-2 of the upper joint 1 through the variable flow chamber 3-4 of the inner cylinder 3, the piston chamber 3-7, and the piston groove 6-1 of the hammer 6. The liquid in the outer cylinder 5 flows through the inclined hole 9-4 of the anvil 9 and converges at the straight hole 9-5 to discharge the hydraulic hammer. In this state, the pressure at the upper and lower ends of the hammer 6 is basically balanced, and the hydraulic hammer does not work.

[0046] Figure 2 The hydraulic hammer enters the initial working state:

[0047] The anvil 9 reaches the upward dead point and pushes the piston groove 6-1 of the hammer 6 to completely enter the piston chamber 3-7 of the inner cylinder 3. The liquid flows through the piston groove 6-1 and is discharged into the water channel closure of the outer cylinder 5. The liquid in the piston chamber 3-7 and the variable flow chamber 3-4 flows back upward due to the negative pressure caused by the high-speed liquid flow ejected from the jet hole 2-2 in the conical chamber 1-2 of the upper joint 1, and converges with the liquid in the conical chamber 1-2 and is discharged from the inclined hole 3-3 of the inner cylinder 3 to the outer cylinder 5. The hammer 6 starts to ascend and pushes the heart valve 4 upward after contacting the valve stem 4-4 of the heart valve 4.

[0048] Figure 3 The heart valve 4 and the hammer 6 reach the top dead center and start to move downward:

[0049] The large diameter of the guide cone 4-1 of the heart valve 4 passes through the buffer hole 3-2 of the inner cylinder 3 at high speed and contacts the bearing and spraying chamber 3-1 of the inner cylinder 3, quickly cutting off the downward passage of the drilling fluid, causing the liquid pressure in the bearing and spraying chamber 3-1, the variable flow chamber 3-4 and the chambers above to rise sharply, and the liquid flow changes direction in the variable flow chamber 3-4 of the inner cylinder 3 to push the piston 6-2 of the hammer 6 downward, and the heart valve 4 in the bearing and spraying chamber 3-1 is simultaneously acted on by the high-pressure liquid flow in the bearing and spraying chamber 3-1 to move downward, until the hammer body 6-3 is blocked by the anvil 9 to form a hammering, and the hydraulic hammer is restored. Figure 2 The state starts the next round of work reciprocation.

[0050] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer, characterized in that: It comprises an upper joint, a nozzle, a gasket, an inner cylinder, a heart valve, an outer cylinder, a hammer, a semi-closing hoop, a square sleeve and an anvil. The upper joint, the nozzle, the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder and the square sleeve are all hollow structures. The bottom of the upper joint is connected to the top of the outer cylinder. The nozzle and the gasket are arranged in the upper joint. The inner cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the nozzle and is located in the outer cylinder. The valve core and the valve stem of the heart valve are respectively inserted into the valve core cavity and the valve stem cavity of the inner cylinder. The bottom end of the inner cylinder is a piston cavity. The hammer is arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the piston and the hammer body of the hammer are respectively inserted into the piston cavity of the inner cylinder and the hammer body cavity of the outer cylinder. The bottom of the outer cylinder is connected to the square sleeve. The shaft neck and the shaft square of the anvil are respectively inserted into the neck cavity and the square cavity of the square sleeve. A hoop groove is arranged on the shaft neck of the square sleeve. Two semi-closing hoops are clamped in the hoop groove. The outer diameter of the semi-closing hoop is the same as the hammer body cavity of the outer cylinder. The interior of the upper joint is a cylindrical cavity with a shoulder, the bottom of the cylindrical cavity is formed into a conical cavity expanding outward, and the bottom of the upper joint is a threaded connection end; The inner cylinder is provided with a spray chamber, a buffer hole, a valve core chamber, a valve stem chamber and a piston chamber in sequence from the top end to the bottom end along the physical axis. An inclined hole and a variable flow chamber are provided on the cylinder wall of the inner cylinder in the circumferential direction. The spray chamber has the same diameter as the valve core chamber, the diameter of the buffer hole is larger than the diameter of the spray chamber, the diameter of the valve stem chamber is smaller than the diameter of the valve core chamber, the diameter of the piston chamber is larger than the diameter of the buffer hole, the inclined holes and variable flow chambers are the same in number, 2 to 4 each, and are symmetrically distributed staggered along the circumferential direction of the inner cylinder body, the inclined hole is connected with the buffer hole and the valve core chamber, the variable flow chamber is a straight groove with an arc-shaped cross section, and is only connected with the piston chamber.

2. The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the upper joint is threadedly connected to the top of the outer cylinder, and the bottom of the outer cylinder is threadedly connected to the square sleeve.

3. The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle seat is on the gasket, and the gasket seat is on the shoulder of the cylindrical cavity in the upper joint, and is pressed and positioned by the male thread end of the drill collar or the drill rod.

4. The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cylinder seat is hung on the boss inside the outer cylinder and is pressed and positioned by the male thread of the upper joint.

5. The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cylinder is a thin-walled pipe, and the top and bottom ends of the outer cylinder are both threaded connection ends. A boss is arranged at the bottom of the top thread of the outer cylinder, and the boss is used to hang the inner cylinder. The inner cavity of the outer cylinder at the bottom of the boss is a hammer cavity.

6. The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core valve comprises a conical solid flow guide cone, a cylindrical solid valve core and a cylindrical solid valve stem from the top to the bottom. A throttling seam is arranged on the valve stem, and the bottom end of the valve stem is spherical crown-shaped.

7. The passive valve type hydraulic down-the-hole hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hammer comprises a cylindrical solid piston and a hammer body from the top to the bottom, the diameter of the piston is smaller than the diameter of the hammer body, and there is a conical transition between the piston and the hammer body. Piston grooves are distributed along the circumferential direction on the piston, and hammer grooves are distributed along the circumferential direction on the hammer body. Both the piston groove and the hammer groove are straight grooves with arc-shaped cross-sections. The piston groove is a half groove opened at the top of the hammer body, and the hammer groove is a through groove opened at the bottom of the hammer body. The bottom end of the hammer body is spherical crown-shaped.

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