A kind of coated fine-grained ammonium perchlorate and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a coated fine-grained ammonium perchlorate, a preparation method and application thereof. The core-shell structure formed by the agent, wherein, the structural formula of the bonded phase change coating agent is wherein: R 1 =‑CH 3 or ‑H, R 2 = aliphatic group, alicyclic group or aromatic group, n=an integer between 18 and 34; the fine-grained ammonium perchlorate is a particle with an average particle size of 2-10 μm; the coated fine-grained ammonium perchlorate Because of the molecular structure of the bonded phase change coating agent and the combination of the two, it has the characteristics of low sensitivity and strong interfacial interaction, and has a good application prospect in the high burning rate butylated hydroxy propellant.

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of composite energetic materials, in particular to a coated fine-grained ammonium perchlorate and a preparation method and application thereof. Background technique

[0002] As an oxidant, ammonium perchlorate (AP) has the characteristics of high density and high available oxygen content, and is widely used in the formulation of composite energetic materials such as solid propellants, mixed explosives, and pyrotechnics, and its content can reach 60%~ 80% and above, has a direct impact on the combustion performance, process performance, mechanical performance and safety performance of energetic materials.

[0003] In the research of composite solid propellant, reducing the particle size of AP can effectively improve the burning rate of solid propellant, and the reasonable gradation of coarse, medium and fine-grained AP can improve the combustion efficiency of aluminum powder in the propellant, ...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0041] The preparation of a bonding type phase change coating agent, the preparation process route is:

[0042]

[0043] The preparation method of the bonded phase change coating agent is:

[0044] At room temperature, 10.0 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate A was dissolved in anhydrous ethyl acetate in a three-necked flask, and a reflux condenser was installed. After the entire reaction system was purged with nitrogen for 30 min, slowly added dropwise dissolved in the reaction system. 41.7g of n-tetradecanol B in anhydrous ethyl acetate solution, and the reaction system was slowly warmed to 80 ° C for 8 hours. After the reaction, the system was lowered to room temperature, and the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. Re-precipitate in acetonitrile, and collect the precipitate to obtain the intermediate product C of isocyanate modified long-chain alkyl alcohol.

[0045] At room temperature, dissolve 10.0 g of pentaerythritol-tris(3-a...

Embodiment 2

[0054] The preparation of a bonding type phase change coating agent, the preparation process route is:

[0055]

[0056] The preparation method of the bonded phase change coating agent is:

[0057] At room temperature, 10.0 g of isophorone diisocyanate A was dissolved in anhydrous dichloroethane in a three-necked flask, and a reflux condenser was installed. After the entire reaction system was purged with nitrogen for 30 minutes, slowly added solution to the reaction system dropwise. There is a solution of 17.2g n-hexadecanol B in anhydrous dichloroethane, and the reaction system is slowly heated to 70 ° C for 10 h. After the reaction is completed, the system is lowered to room temperature, and the reaction mixture is concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. Then pour it into acetonitrile for reverse precipitation, and collect the precipitate to obtain the intermediate product C of isocyanate modified long-chain alkyl alcohol.

[0058] At room temperature...

Embodiment 3

[0067] The preparation of a bonding type phase change coating agent, the preparation process route is:

[0068]

[0069] The preparation method of the bonded phase change coating agent is:

[0070] At room temperature, 10.0 g of toluene diisocyanate A was dissolved in anhydrous dioxane in a three-necked flask, and a reflux condenser was installed. After the entire reaction system was purged with nitrogen for 30 min, 15.5 g of dissolved toluene was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. The anhydrous dioxane solution of n-octadecanol B was added, and the reaction system was slowly heated to 60 °C for 12 h. After the reaction, the system was lowered to room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, and then poured into acetonitrile. The intermediate product C of isocyanate modified long-chain alkyl alcohol is obtained by reverse precipitation and collecting the precipitate.

[0071] At room temperature, dissolve 1...

technical field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of composite energetic materials, in particular to a coated fine-grained ammonium perchlorate and a preparation method and application thereof. Background technique

[0002] As an oxidant, ammonium perchlorate (AP) has the characteristics of high density and high available oxygen content, and is widely used in the formulation of composite energetic materials such as solid propellants, mixed explosives, and pyrotechnics, and its content can reach 60%~ 80% and above, has a direct impact on the combustion performance, process performance, mechanical performance and safety performance of energetic materials.

[0003] In the research of composite solid propellant, reducing the particle size of AP can effectively improve the burning rate of solid propellant, and the reasonable gradation of coarse, medium and fine-grained AP can improve the combustion efficiency of aluminum powder in the propellant, ...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0041] The preparation of a bonding type phase change coating agent, the preparation process route is:

[0042]

[0043] The preparation method of the bonded phase change coating agent is:

[0044] At room temperature, 10.0 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate A was dissolved in anhydrous ethyl acetate in a three-necked flask, and a reflux condenser was installed. After the entire reaction system was purged with nitrogen for 30 min, slowly added dropwise dissolved in the reaction system. 41.7g of n-tetradecanol B in anhydrous ethyl acetate solution, and the reaction system was slowly warmed to 80 ° C for 8 hours. After the reaction, the system was lowered to room temperature, and the reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. Re-precipitate in acetonitrile, and collect the precipitate to obtain the intermediate product C of isocyanate modified long-chain alkyl alcohol.

[0045] At room temperature, dissolve 10.0 g of pentaerythritol-tris(3-a...

Embodiment 2

[0054] The preparation of a bonding type phase change coating agent, the preparation process route is:

[0055]

[0056] The preparation method of the bonded phase change coating agent is:

[0057] At room temperature, 10.0 g of isophorone diisocyanate A was dissolved in anhydrous dichloroethane in a three-necked flask, and a reflux condenser was installed. After the entire reaction system was purged with nitrogen for 30 minutes, slowly added solution to the reaction system dropwise. There is a solution of 17.2g n-hexadecanol B in anhydrous dichloroethane, and the reaction system is slowly heated to 70 ° C for 10 h. After the reaction is completed, the system is lowered to room temperature, and the reaction mixture is concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure. Then pour it into acetonitrile for reverse precipitation, and collect the precipitate to obtain the intermediate product C of isocyanate modified long-chain alkyl alcohol.

[0058] At room temperature...

Embodiment 3

[0067] The preparation of a bonding type phase change coating agent, the preparation process route is:

[0068]

[0069] The preparation method of the bonded phase change coating agent is:

[0070] At room temperature, 10.0 g of toluene diisocyanate A was dissolved in anhydrous dioxane in a three-necked flask, and a reflux condenser was installed. After the entire reaction system was purged with nitrogen for 30 min, 15.5 g of dissolved toluene was slowly added dropwise to the reaction system. The anhydrous dioxane solution of n-octadecanol B was added, and the reaction system was slowly heated to 60 °C for 12 h. After the reaction, the system was lowered to room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, and then poured into acetonitrile. The intermediate product C of isocyanate modified long-chain alkyl alcohol is obtained by reverse precipitation and collecting the precipitate.

[0071] At room temperature, dissolve 1...

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