Light adjusting member

Abstract

A light adjusting member (10) includes a first light adjusting unit (20) and a second light adjusting unit (40) stacked on the first light adjusting unit (20). The first light adjusting unit (20) can adjust visible light transmittance by applying a voltage. The second light adjusting unit (40) can adjust a haze value by applying a voltage. The first light adjusting unit (20) includes a first absorption-type polarizing plate (21) and a second absorption-type polarizing plate (22), a first liquid crystal unit (30) disposed between the first absorption-type polarizing plate (21) and the second absorption-type polarizing plate (22), and a reflective-type polarizing plate (23) disposed between the first absorption-type polarizing plate (21) and the first liquid crystal unit (30). The first liquid crystal unit (30) can switch between a state in which light is transmitted while maintaining a polarization light direction and a state in which light is transmitted while changing the polarization light direction by applying a voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a dimming component. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-211084 discloses an optical component capable of switching between a translucent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state. To switch between these states, the optical component described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-211084 includes units for changing the light transmission state and units for changing the light diffusion state. Liquid crystals are also considered as these units. This optical component offers fast response when switching between the translucent, opaque, and reflective states. Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-211084 shows this optical component being mounted on the display surface of a display device.

[0003] On the other hand, a dimming component that can switch the light transmission state is required. It is also believed that by using the optical component shown in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-211084 as the dimming component, a dimming component that can switch between a semi-transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state can be obtained.

[0004] However, the dimming component requires the ability to switch to a transparent state that is more transparent than the semi-transparent state. That is, during observation from the side of the dimming component, it is required to be able to switch between a transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state. However, in the optical component described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-211084, during observation from the side presumed to be observable, it can only switch between a semi-transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state. On the other hand, during observation from the side not presumed to be observable, it can only switch between a transparent state and an opaque state. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem the invention aims to solve

[0006] The present invention was created with this in mind, and its purpose is to allow switching between transparent, opaque and reflective states in a dimming component.

[0007] Technical solutions for solving the problem

[0008] The dimming component of the present invention comprises:

[0009] The first dimming unit can adjust the visible light transmittance by applying voltage;

[0010] The second dimming unit, which is stacked on top of the first dimming unit, can adjust the haze value by applying voltage.

[0011] The first dimming unit includes a first absorptive polarizing plate and a second absorptive polarizing plate, a first liquid crystal unit disposed between the first absorptive polarizing plate and the second absorptive polarizing plate, and a reflective polarizing plate disposed between the first absorptive polarizing plate and the first liquid crystal unit.

[0012] The first liquid crystal cell can be switched between a state in which light is transmitted while maintaining the polarization direction and a state in which light is transmitted while changing the polarization direction by applying a voltage.

[0013] In the dimming component of the present invention, the first dimming unit may be configured such that the side on which the first absorptive polarizer is disposed becomes the side opposite to the second dimming unit.

[0014] In the dimming component of the present invention, the first dimming unit may be configured such that the side on which the second absorption polarizer is disposed becomes the side opposite to the second dimming unit.

[0015] In the dimming component of the present invention, the transmission axis of the first absorptive polarizer and the transmission axis of the second absorptive polarizer may also be orthogonally Nicholl-configured.

[0016] In the dimming component of the present invention, the first dimming unit may also have at least three visible light transmittance values.

[0017] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0018] The maximum visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit is over 20%.

[0019] The minimum visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit is less than 2%.

[0020] In the dimming component of the present invention, the second dimming unit may also take at least three haze values.

[0021] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0022] The maximum haze value of the second dimming unit is above 80%.

[0023] The minimum haze value of the second dimming unit is below 15%.

[0024] In the dimming component of the present invention, the difference between the maximum haze value and the minimum haze value of the second dimming unit may be 80% or more.

[0025] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0026] The first liquid crystal unit is of TN, VA, IPS or FFS type.

[0027] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0028] The second dimming unit has a second liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied.

[0029] The second liquid crystal layer is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer or a polymer-networked liquid crystal layer.

[0030] In the dimming component of the present invention, the second dimming unit may have a reflectivity of less than 10% when the haze value is at its maximum.

[0031] In the dimming component of the present invention, the second dimming unit may also have a colored transparent layer.

[0032] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0033] The second dimming unit has a second liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied, and a second electrode layer to which a voltage is applied.

[0034] The second electrode layer is colored.

[0035] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0036] The second dimming unit has a second liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied.

[0037] The second liquid crystal layer contains dichroic pigments.

[0038] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0039] The second dimming unit has a second liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied.

[0040] The end of the second liquid crystal layer is located on the outer side of the end of the first absorptive polarizer, the end of the second absorptive polarizer, and the end of the reflective polarizer.

[0041] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0042] The first liquid crystal cell has a first liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied.

[0043] The second dimming unit has a second liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied.

[0044] The end of the second liquid crystal layer is located inside the end of the first liquid crystal layer.

[0045] In the dimming component of the present invention, it may also be,

[0046] The dimming component further comprises: a transparent support body supporting the first dimming unit and the second dimming unit; a first bonding layer bonding the first dimming unit and the second dimming unit; and a second bonding layer bonding the transparent support body and the second dimming unit.

[0047] The first dimming unit further comprises: a first adhesive layer for bonding the reflective polarizer and the first liquid crystal unit; and a second adhesive layer for bonding the second absorptive polarizer and the first liquid crystal unit.

[0048] At least one of the first bonding layer, the second bonding layer, the first adhesive layer, and the second adhesive layer covers the end of the second dimming unit.

[0049] According to the present invention, the dimming component can switch between a transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic perspective view of a car with a sun visor equipped with the dimming component of the present invention disposed inside.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an example of a dimming component.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a second liquid crystal cell used to explain the second dimming unit, and it represents the unoriented state of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a second liquid crystal cell used to explain the second dimming unit, and it shows the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0054] Figure 5 This is another example of a second liquid crystal cell used to illustrate the second dimming unit, and it is a diagram showing the unoriented state of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0055] Figure 6 This is another example of a second liquid crystal cell used to illustrate the second dimming unit, and it is a diagram showing the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a dimming component showing an observable state.

[0057] Figure 8 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of an example of a dimming component.

[0058] Figure 9 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of an example of a dimming component.

[0059] Figure 10 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of an example of a dimming component.

[0060] Figure 11 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of an example of a dimming component.

[0061] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example of a dimming component showing an observable state.

[0062] Figure 13 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of another example of a dimming component.

[0063] Figure 14 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of another example of a dimming component.

[0064] Figure 15 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of another example of a dimming component.

[0065] Figure 16 This is a diagram used to illustrate the function of another example of a dimming component.

[0066] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of a dimming component.

[0067] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional view showing another variation of the dimming component. Detailed Implementation

[0068] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in the drawings accompanying this specification, for ease of illustration and understanding, the scale and aspect ratios have been appropriately altered and exaggerated from the actual scale and dimensions.

[0069] Figure 1 In this example, a sunshade equipped with the dimming component 10 is shown as an example of the dimming component 10 used in this embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, in car 1, a sun visor is installed inside the car and facing the windshield 5. The sun visor reduces sunlight and other rays entering through the windshield 5, providing the occupants of car 1 with good visibility.

[0070] Figure 2A cross-sectional view of the dimming member 10 of this embodiment is shown. The dimming member 10 is a plate-shaped component. When viewed from one side, the dimming member 10 can switch between a transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state. The transparent and opaque states can also be automatically adjusted based on, for example, brightness detected by a sensor. Furthermore, the transparent state refers to a state where one side can be observed from one side via the dimming member 10. Conversely, the opaque state refers to a state where one side cannot be observed from one side via the dimming member 10. Therefore, the opaque state includes states that diffuse and transmit light or states that block light. Conversely, the reflective state refers to a state where that side can be observed when viewing the dimming member 10 from one side. Figure 2 As shown, the dimming component 10 includes a first dimming unit 20, a second dimming unit 40, a first transparent support 11 and a second transparent support 12, a first bonding layer 17, and a second bonding layer 18. The second dimming unit 40 is stacked on top of the first dimming unit 20. The first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 support the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40. The first bonding layer 17 bonds the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40. The second bonding layer 18 bonds the first transparent support 11 and the second dimming unit 40. Figure 2 In the example shown, a first dimming unit 20 and a second dimming unit 40 are disposed between the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12. More specifically, the first dimming unit 20 is disposed on the side closer to the second transparent support 12 than the second dimming unit 40. That is, in Figure 2 In the example shown, the components of the dimming component 10 are stacked in the following order: first transparent support 11, second bonding layer 18, second dimming unit 40, first bonding layer 17, first dimming unit 20, and second transparent support 12, along the stacking direction dL.

[0071] The first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 support the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40. The first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 are plate-shaped components. The first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 preferably contain at least one of acrylate and polycarbonate, more preferably acrylate. For example, the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 may also be a structure in which polycarbonate is laminated between two acrylates. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the acrylate or polycarbonate contained in the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 is preferably 17,000 or more, more preferably 20,000 or more. If the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 are formed of such a material, even if the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 are broken, the edges of the fragments of the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 will not become sharp. Therefore, the risk of injury to the user of the dimming unit 10 can be reduced. However, this is not the only possibility; the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 may also be formed of a glass film. When the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 are formed of a glass film, in order to reduce the risk of injury to the user of the dimming component 10 in the event of damage to the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12, it is preferable to provide an explosion-proof sheet on the surface.

[0072] The first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 have a thickness of 0.05 mm or more and 10 mm or less, preferably 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less. With this thickness, a first transparent support 11 and a second transparent support 12 with excellent strength and optical properties can be obtained. Furthermore, the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40 disposed between the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 are susceptible to degradation due to external ultraviolet radiation. To suppress this degradation of the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40, the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 preferably contain an ultraviolet absorber. The first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 can be made of the same material and can also be made different in at least one aspect of the material and structure. For example, such as... Figure 2 As shown, in order to properly support the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40 while making the dimming component 10 lightweight, the first transparent support 11 can be made thick and the second transparent support 12 can be made thin.

[0073] Furthermore, "transparency" refers to a degree of transparency that allows one side of the transparent support to be seen through the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 to the other. Specifically, it means that the first transparent support 11 and the second transparent support 12 have a visible light transmittance of, for example, 30% or more, more preferably 70% or more. The visible light transmittance is specified as the average transmittance at each wavelength when measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation's "UV-3100PC", JIS K 0115 standard) within the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0074] The first bonding layer 17 bonds the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40. The second bonding layer 18 bonds the first transparent support 11 and the second dimming unit 40. In this embodiment, the first bonding layer 17 and the second bonding layer 18 are so-called OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive) or OCR (Optically Clear Resin). That is, the first bonding layer 17 and the second bonding layer 18 are transparent and have adhesive properties. The thickness of the first bonding layer 17 and the second bonding layer 18 is preferably 25 μm or more and 1000 μm or less. If the thickness is thinner than 25 μm, the strain of the dimming component cannot be absorbed through the bonding surface, and therefore, bubbles or defects in the dimming component (e.g., color unevenness accompanied by liquid crystal gap defects) are likely to occur. On the other hand, if the thickness is thicker than 1000 μm, it is disadvantageous in terms of mass production, price, and strength.

[0075] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second bonding layer 18 preferably extends at its ends along the lamination direction dL, covering the ends of the second dimming unit 40. Here, the ends of each component refer to the ends in a direction orthogonal to the lamination direction dL. In other words, it refers to the periphery of each component when viewed from above in the dimming member 10. Figure 2 In the example shown, the second bonding layer 18 contacts the first bonding layer 17 by extending along the lamination direction dL. However, the second bonding layer 18 may simply cover the end of the second dimming unit 40, or it may not need to contact the first bonding layer 17. Alternatively, the end of the second dimming unit 40 may be covered by integrally forming the first bonding layer 17 and the second bonding layer 18. However, not limited to the illustrated example, the first bonding layer 17 and the second bonding layer 18 may not cover the end of the second dimming unit 40.

[0076] The first dimming unit 20 can adjust the visible light transmittance. By increasing the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20, light incident on the first dimming unit 20 can be transmitted or reflected. Conversely, by decreasing the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20, light incident on the first dimming unit 20 can be blocked. Here, regarding the visible light transmittance, if it is less than 10 cm square, it is specified as the average transmittance at each wavelength when measured using a spectrophotometer (e.g., Shimadzu Corporation's "UV-3100PC", JISK0115 standard) within the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm. If it is more than 10 cm square, it is specified as the average transmittance at each wavelength when measured using a colorimeter (e.g., Konica Minolta's "CS-150") within the measurement wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, the first dimming unit 20 includes a first absorptive polarizer 21, a second absorptive polarizer 22, a first liquid crystal cell 30, a reflective polarizer 23, a first adhesive layer 27, and a second adhesive layer 28. The first liquid crystal cell 30 is disposed between the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22. The reflective polarizer 23 is disposed between the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the first liquid crystal cell 30. The first adhesive layer 27 bonds the reflective polarizer 23 and the first liquid crystal cell 30. The second adhesive layer 28 bonds the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the first liquid crystal cell 30. The first dimming unit 20 can also be configured as follows: Figure 2 Or as will be discussed later Figure 7 The side shown is configured such that the first absorption polarizer 21 is positioned opposite the second dimming unit 40. Alternatively, the first dimming unit 20 may also be configured as described later. Figure 12 The side shown that is configured to have the second absorption polarizer 22 is the side opposite to the second dimming unit 40. The thickness of this first dimming unit 20 is, for example, 0.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less.

[0078] The first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 function as follows: they decompose incident light into two orthogonal polarized light components (p-polarized light component and s-polarized light component), allowing the linearly polarized light component (e.g., p-polarized light component) vibrating in one direction (parallel to the transmission axis) to be transmitted, and absorbing the linearly polarized light component (e.g., s-polarized light component) vibrating in another direction orthogonal to the first direction (parallel to the absorption axis). Additionally, the reflective polarizer 23 functions, particularly specular reflection, as follows: it decomposes incident light into two orthogonal polarized light components (p-polarized light component and s-polarized light component), allowing the linearly polarized light component (e.g., p-polarized light component) vibrating in one direction (parallel to the transmission axis) to be transmitted, and reflecting the linearly polarized light component (e.g., s-polarized light component) vibrating in another direction orthogonal to the first direction (parallel to the absorption axis). The transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 can also be arranged in parallel Nikol configurations, but are preferably arranged in orthogonal Nikol configurations. Furthermore, the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in a parallel Nikol configuration. Therefore, when the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in an orthogonal Nikol configuration, the transmission axes of the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the reflective polarizer 23 are also arranged in an orthogonal Nikol configuration. Orthogonal Nikol means that the angle between the transmission axes of the two polarizers is 85° or more, preferably 86° or more, more preferably 87° or more, and most preferably 90°. Parallel Nikol means that the angle between the transmission axes of the two polarizers is 5° or less, preferably 4° or less, more preferably 3° or less, and most preferably 0°.

[0079] The first adhesive layer 27 bonds the reflective polarizer 23 and the first liquid crystal cell 30, and the second adhesive layer 28 bonds the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the first liquid crystal cell 30. The first adhesive layer 27 and the second adhesive layer 28 are so-called OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive) or OCR (Optically Clear Resin). That is, the first adhesive layer 27 and the second adhesive layer 28 are transparent and have adhesive properties. The thickness of the first adhesive layer 27 and the second adhesive layer 28 is preferably 25 μm or more and 500 μm or less. If the thickness is thinner than 25 μm, the strain of the dimming component cannot be absorbed through the bonding surface, thus easily leading to bubbles or defects in the dimming component (e.g., color unevenness accompanied by liquid crystal gap defects). On the other hand, if the thickness is thicker than 1000 μm, it is disadvantageous in terms of mass production, price, and strength.

[0080] The first liquid crystal cell 30 can be switched by applying a voltage to a state in which light is transmitted while maintaining the direction of polarized light, and to a state in which light is transmitted by changing the direction of polarized light. The first liquid crystal cell 30 is used in a manner that allows it to be disposed between two polarizing plates 21 and 22, such as VA (Vertical Alignment), TN (Twisted Nematic), IPS (In Plane Switching), or FFS (Fringe Field Switching).

[0081] The first liquid crystal cell 30 includes a pair of first transparent substrates 31 and 32, a pair of first electrodes 33 and 34, a first liquid crystal layer 35, and a sealing material 37. The pair of first electrodes 33 and 34 are disposed between the pair of first transparent substrates 31 and 32. The first liquid crystal layer 35 is disposed between the pair of first electrodes 33 and 34. The sealing material 37 seals the first liquid crystal layer 35 between the pair of first transparent substrates 31 and 32. Additionally, the first liquid crystal cell 30 includes an alignment film (not shown). The alignment film restricts the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 35.

[0082] A pair of first transparent substrates 31 and 32 are components that support the various constituent elements of the first liquid crystal cell 30. The materials of the pair of first transparent substrates 31 and 32 are preferably materials with high visible light transmittance. Specifically, when high strength or reduced liquid crystal uniformity is required for the first transparent substrates 31 and 32, glass is preferably used as the first transparent substrates 31 and 32. On the other hand, when lightweighting or shape manufacturability is required for the first transparent substrates 31 and 32, resin is preferably used as the first transparent substrates 31 and 32. Examples of resins used for the first transparent substrates 31 and 32 include cellulose acetate resins such as cellulose triacetate (TAC), polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, polymethylpentene, and EVA, ethylene resins such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride, acrylate resins, polyurethane resins, polysulfone (PEF), polyethersulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), polysulfone, polyether (PE), polyetherketone (PEK), (meth)acrylonitrile, cyclic olefin polymers (COP), and cyclic olefin copolymers. Polycarbonate, cyclic olefin polymers, and polyethylene terephthalate resins are particularly preferred. The visible light transmittance of the first transparent substrates 31 and 32 is preferably 90% or more. Furthermore, when the first transparent substrates 31 and 32 are, for example, glass, they preferably have a thickness of 300 μm or more and 1200 μm or less; when they are, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, they preferably have a thickness of 30 μm or more and 250 μm or less. With such thicknesses, first transparent substrates 31 and 32 with excellent strength and optical properties can be obtained. The first transparent substrates 31 and 32 can be identically constructed from the same material, or at least one of the materials and structures can be different.

[0083] The first electrodes 33 and 34 are connected to a control device or the like, providing driving power or control signals to the first liquid crystal layer 35. The first electrodes 33 and 34 are preferably formed of a transparent conductor, such as indium tin oxide (ITO). In this case, the first electrodes 33 and 34 are substantially indistinguishable from the outside, improving the appearance of the dimming component 10. By applying a voltage to the first electrodes 33 and 34, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules (described later) contained in the first liquid crystal layer 35 can be controlled.

[0084] The first liquid crystal layer 35 contains liquid crystal molecules. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules contained in the first liquid crystal layer 35 is controlled by applying a voltage to an alignment film (not shown) or first electrodes 33, 34. That is, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules changes by applying a voltage to the first electrodes 33, 34. For example, when no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35, the liquid crystal molecules contained in the first liquid crystal layer 35 are oriented along the direction of the alignment film, and when a voltage is applied to the first electrodes 33, 34, they are oriented along the direction of the electric field based on the applied voltage.

[0085] The sealing material 37 surrounds the first liquid crystal layer 35 in a circumferential shape. That is, the sealing material 37 divides the first liquid crystal layer 35. Additionally, as... Figure 2 As shown, a sealing material 37 is disposed between a pair of transparent substrates 31 and 32. The sealing material 37 serves to prevent liquid crystal molecules constituting the first liquid crystal layer 35 from leaking out between the pair of first transparent substrates 31 and 32, and also serves to adhere to the pair of first transparent substrates 31 and 32, thus fixing them together. The sealing material 37 can be formed of, for example, a thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin or acrylic resin, or an ultraviolet-curable resin.

[0086] The first dimming unit 20 can change the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 35 of the first liquid crystal cell 30 by applying a voltage via the first electrodes 33 and 34. The polarization direction of light transmitted through the first liquid crystal cell 30 can change according to the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. As an example, consider the case where the first liquid crystal cell 30 is in a TN configuration, and the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in an orthogonal Nicol configuration. In the TN configuration, the first liquid crystal cell 30 rotates the polarization direction of the transmitted light by 90° when no voltage is applied. Therefore, when light with a specific polarization component that has passed through the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the reflective polarizer 23 passes through the first liquid crystal cell 30, the polarization direction is rotated by 90° in the first liquid crystal cell 30. As a result, light can pass through the second absorptive polarizer 22. On the other hand, the first liquid crystal cell 30 does not rotate the polarization direction of the transmitted light when a voltage is applied. Therefore, when light with a specific polarized component that has passed through the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the reflective polarizer 23 passes through the first liquid crystal cell 30, the polarization direction is not rotated within the first liquid crystal cell 30. Consequently, light cannot pass through the second absorptive polarizer 22. Thus, by applying a voltage to change the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 35 of the first liquid crystal cell 30, the transmission and blocking of light in the first dimming unit 20 can be controlled. By applying this voltage, the first dimming unit 20 can be adjusted to a state with high visible light transmittance or a state with low visible light transmittance.

[0087] To ensure sufficient visibility of an area within 1 meter even at night via the dimming component 10, the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 is preferably adjusted to a maximum of 20% or more. Furthermore, to ensure sufficient visibility of an area within 5 meters via the dimming component 10 even at night, the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 is more preferably adjusted to 27.5% or more. Moreover, to maintain good visibility via the dimming component 10 even at night, the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 is further preferably adjusted to 30% or more. By making the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 sufficiently high, light can be sufficiently transmitted or reflected within the first dimming unit 20. Additionally, to block external light with the dimming component 10 at night, the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 is preferably adjusted to a minimum of 2% or less. Furthermore, to block external light with the dimming component 10 in the evening, the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 is more preferably adjusted to 1% or less. Furthermore, in order to sufficiently block external light during the day using the dimming component 10, the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 is preferably adjustable to 0.5% or less. By making the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 sufficiently low, light can be sufficiently blocked in the first dimming unit 20.

[0088] The second dimming unit 40 can adjust the haze value. By increasing the haze value of the second dimming unit 40, light incident on the second dimming unit 40 can be diffused and transmitted simultaneously. Conversely, by decreasing the haze value of the second dimming unit 40, light incident on the second dimming unit 40 can be transmitted with almost no diffusion. Here, the haze value is expressed as the ratio of the diffuse transmittance of the object to the total transmittance, referring to the diffuse rate of light transmitted through the object. Furthermore, the total transmittance refers to the ratio of the amount of light transmitted through the object to the amount of light incident on the object. The diffuse transmittance refers to the ratio of the amount of light transmitted through the object in directions other than the straight direction, i.e., the amount of diffusely transmitted light, to the amount of light incident on the object. The total transmittance and diffuse transmittance can be measured using a haze meter according to JIS K 7361 (e.g., Murakami Color Technology Research Institute, product number: HM-150).

[0089] like Figure 1 As shown, the second dimming unit 40 includes a pair of second transparent substrates 41 and 42, second electrodes 43 and 44, and a second liquid crystal layer 50. The second electrodes 43 and 44 are disposed between the pair of second transparent substrates 41 and 42. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is disposed between the second electrodes 43 and 44. The thickness of this second dimming unit 40 is, for example, 100 μm or more and 500 μm or less.

[0090] A pair of second transparent substrates 41 and 42 are components that support the various constituent elements of the second dimming unit 40. The material of the pair of second transparent substrates 41 and 42 is preferably a flexible material with high visible light transmittance. Examples of such second transparent substrates 41 and 42 include cellulose acetate resins such as triacetate cellulose (TAC), polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, polymethylpentene, EVA, ethylene resins such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride, acrylate resins, polyurethane resins, polysulfone (PEF), polyethersulfone (PES), polycarbonate (PC), polysulfone, polyether (PE), polyetherketone (PEK), (meth)acrylonitrile, cyclic olefin polymers (COP), and cyclic olefin copolymers, with polycarbonate, cyclic olefin polymers, and polyethylene terephthalate being particularly preferred. However, the pair of second transparent substrates 41 and 42 may also be thin-film glass. The visible light transmittance of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 is preferably 90% or more. Furthermore, at least one of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 is not limited to colorless transparency, but may also be colored transparent. Alternatively, a colored transparent layer (not shown), such as a hard coating, may be laminated onto at least one of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42. Here, colored transparency means intentionally reducing the transmittance of light in a specific wavelength range, but increasing the overall transmittance of visible light; specifically, the average transmittance in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm is 50% or more, preferably 60% or more. Additionally, when the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 are, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, they preferably have a thickness of 30 μm or more and 250 μm or less. With this thickness, second transparent substrates 41 and 42 with excellent strength and optical properties can be obtained. The second transparent substrates 41 and 42 may be identically constructed from the same material, or at least one of the materials and structures may be different.

[0091] The second electrodes 43 and 44 are connected to control devices, etc., and provide driving power or control signals to the second liquid crystal layer 50. The second electrodes 43 and 44 are preferably formed of a transparent conductor, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), or a colored transparent conductor, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS). In this case, the second electrodes 43 and 44 are substantially indistinguishable from the outside, improving the appearance of the dimming component 10. Furthermore, especially when the second electrodes 43 and 44 are formed of PEDOT:PSS, the second electrodes 43 and 44 can be formed by coating the material forming the second electrodes 43 and 44 onto the second transparent substrate 41 and 42. That is, the second electrodes 43 and 44 can be easily fabricated.

[0092] The second liquid crystal layer 50 contains liquid crystal molecules. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 50 is controlled by applying a voltage to the second electrodes 43 and 44. That is, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules changes when a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50. For example, when no voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, the liquid crystal molecules contained in the second liquid crystal layer 50 are not oriented. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, the liquid crystal molecules contained in the second liquid crystal layer 50 are oriented along the direction of the electric field formed by the applied voltage.

[0093] The second dimming unit 40 can change the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 50 by applying a voltage via the second electrodes 43 and 44. Depending on the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, the degree of light diffusion transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 can be varied. Therefore, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 can be adjusted by applying a voltage. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is, for example, a... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer (PDLC) shown has liquid crystal molecules 52 dispersed in polymer 55, or Figure 5 and Figure 6 The illustrated liquid crystal layer is a polymer network liquid crystal layer (PNLC) having liquid crystal molecules 52 disposed within the voids formed inside a polymer network 56 composed of resin, which is formed in a three-dimensional mesh shape. Furthermore, polymer dispersed liquid crystal layers or polymer network liquid crystal layers can be of a conventional type where the haze value decreases when no voltage is applied, or a reverse type where the haze value decreases when a voltage is applied. Moreover, the second liquid crystal layer 50 is not particularly limited and can be either of the conventional or reverse type.

[0094] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The second liquid crystal layer 50 shown is a conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer. The second liquid crystal layer 50 has a polymer 55 and a liquid crystal material 51. The polymer 55 is composed of a cured resin. The liquid crystal material 51 is disposed within spaces formed in the polymer 55. The spaces containing the liquid crystal material 51 are dispersed within the polymer 55. In this example, in… Figure 3 In the unvoltage-free state shown, the liquid crystal molecules 52 move along the walls of the polymer 55 that forms the housing space of the liquid crystal material 51. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 52 are not oriented. The refractive index of the short side of the liquid crystal molecules 52 is different from that of the liquid crystal material 51. Therefore, light transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 is refracted according to the difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal material 51 and the liquid crystal molecules 52. Because the interface between the liquid crystal material 51 and the liquid crystal molecules 52 is irregularly formed, light is also refracted in an irregular direction. That is, light transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 diffuses. Thus, in the unvoltage-free state, the second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes highly hazy, causing the transmitted light to diffuse and become opaque. On the other hand, in Figure 4 Under the applied voltage condition, the liquid crystal molecules 52 are aligned along the direction of the electric field generated by the applied voltage within the containment space of the liquid crystal material 51. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 52 are oriented. The refractive index of the long side of the liquid crystal molecules 52 is the same as the refractive index of the liquid crystal material 51. Therefore, light transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 is not refracted and thus does not diffuse, transmitting through the second liquid crystal layer 50. In this way, under the applied voltage condition, the second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes a low-haze state and becomes transparent. By applying this voltage, the second dimming unit 40 can be adjusted to a state with high haze or a state with low haze.

[0095] Figure 5 and Figure 6 The second liquid crystal layer 50 shown is a conventional polymer network type liquid crystal layer. The second liquid crystal layer 50 has a polymer network 56 and a liquid crystal material 51. The polymer network 56 is composed of a cured resin. The liquid crystal material 51 is disposed within the spaces formed in the polymer network 56. In this example, in... Figure 5 In the unvoltage-free state shown, the liquid crystal molecules 52 move along the walls of the polymer network 56 that forms the housing space of the liquid crystal material 51. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 52 are not oriented. The refractive index of the short side of the liquid crystal molecules 52 is different from that of the liquid crystal material 51. Therefore, light transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 is refracted according to the difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal material 51 and the liquid crystal molecules 52. Because the interface between the liquid crystal material 51 and the liquid crystal molecules 52 is irregularly formed, light is also refracted in an irregular direction. That is, light transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 diffuses. Thus, in the unvoltage-free state, the second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes highly hazy, causing the transmitted light to diffuse and become opaque. On the other hand, in Figure 6 Under the applied voltage condition, the liquid crystal molecules 52 are aligned along the direction of the electric field generated by the applied voltage within the containment space of the liquid crystal material 51. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 52 are oriented. The refractive index of the long side of the liquid crystal molecules 52 is the same as the refractive index of the liquid crystal material 51. Therefore, light transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 is not refracted and thus does not diffuse, transmitting through the second liquid crystal layer 50. In this way, under the applied voltage condition, the second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes a low-haze state and becomes transparent. By applying this voltage, the second dimming unit 40 can be adjusted to a state with high haze or a state with low haze.

[0096] Furthermore, positive liquid crystal molecules 52 are used in the ordinary type of second liquid crystal layer 50. On the other hand, negative liquid crystal molecules 52 are used in the reverse type of second liquid crystal layer 50, and the second liquid crystal layer 50 is sandwiched by a pair of alignment films that can exert an orientation-restricting force on the liquid crystal molecules 52 to maintain a vertical orientation.

[0097] To block external light using the dimming unit 10 at night, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably adjusted to a maximum of 80% or more. Furthermore, to block external light using the dimming unit 10 in the evening, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 is more preferably adjusted to 85% or more. Moreover, to fully block external light using the dimming unit 10 during the day, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 is further preferably adjusted to 90% or more. By making the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 sufficiently high, light diffusion can be achieved, making the second dimming unit 40 opaque. Additionally, to ensure sufficient visibility of an area within 1 meter via the dimming unit 10, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably adjusted to a minimum of 15% or less. Furthermore, to ensure sufficient visibility of an area within 5 meters via the dimming unit 10, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 is more preferably adjusted to 10% or less. Furthermore, in order to maintain good visibility via the dimming unit 10, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably adjustable to 5% or less. By making the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 sufficiently low, the second dimming unit 40 can be made sufficiently transparent.

[0098] In addition, the difference between the maximum haze value and the minimum haze value of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, so as to clearly switch the haze value in the second dimming unit 40.

[0099] Here, in the conventional type of second liquid crystal layer 50, the maximum haze value of the second dimming unit 40 refers to the haze value when no voltage is applied to the second electrodes 43 and 44 (0V state), and the minimum haze value refers to the haze value when a voltage of 50V is applied to the second electrodes 43 and 44 with a rectangular AC wave of 110Hz and a duty ratio of 50%. On the other hand, in the inverted type of second liquid crystal layer 50, the maximum haze value of the second dimming unit 40 refers to the haze value when a voltage of 50V is applied to the second electrodes 43 and 44 with a rectangular AC wave of 110Hz and a duty ratio of 50%, and the minimum haze value refers to the haze value when no voltage is applied to the second electrodes 43 and 44 (0V state).

[0100] Regarding the second dimming unit 40, the reflectance is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 8% or less, when the haze value is at its maximum. Here, the reflectance of the second dimming unit 40 refers to the reflectance including both positive and diffuse reflection (SCI). The reflectance of the second dimming unit 40 can be measured using, for example, a spectrophotometer / colorimeter (Konica Minolta CM-700d).

[0101] The reflectivity of the second dimming unit 40 can be reduced by coloring the second dimming unit 40, preferably black, when the haze value is at its maximum. The second dimming unit 40 can be colored by having, for example, a colored transparent layer. The colored transparent layer can be at least one of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42, or a hard coating layer laminated on at least one of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42. In addition, the second electrodes 43 and 44 can also be colored transparent.

[0102] Alternatively, the second liquid crystal layer 50 may also contain dichroic pigment 53. Figures 3-6 In the example shown, similar to the liquid crystal molecule 52, the dichroic pigment 53 is disposed within the voids formed in the polymer 55 or inside the polymer network 56. Similar to the liquid crystal molecule 52, the dichroic pigment 53 extends along the walls of the polymer 55 or the polymer network 56 when no voltage is applied. At this time, the second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes highly hazy, thus exhibiting the color possessed by the dichroic pigment 53. The dichroic pigment 53 can have various colors depending on its material, but black is preferred. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, the dichroic pigment 53 extends along the direction of the electric field generated by the applied voltage. At this time, the second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes low-haze and does not exhibit the color possessed by the dichroic pigment 53. That is, the second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes transparent.

[0103] Furthermore, when the second liquid crystal layer 50 does not contain the dichroic pigment 53, in the state where a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, i.e., in the low-haze state, the total light transmittance of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably 70% or more; in the state where no voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, i.e., in the high-haze state, the total light transmittance of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably 50% or more. When the second liquid crystal layer 50 contains the dichroic pigment 53, in the state where a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, i.e., in the low-haze state and the dichroic pigment 53 does not exhibit color, the total light transmittance of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably 20% or more. Additionally, in the state where no voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, i.e., in the high-haze state and the dichroic pigment 53 exhibits color, the total light transmittance of the second dimming unit 40 is preferably 10% or more.

[0104] Here, as Figure 2As shown, in the dimming component 10, the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located outside the ends of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23. In other words, the second liquid crystal layer 50 covers the entire first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23. Furthermore, the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located inside the end of the first liquid crystal layer 35. In other words, the second liquid crystal layer 50 does not overlap with the sealing material 37. Here, "outer side" refers to the side of the dimming component 10 away from the center in a direction orthogonal to the stacking direction dL. "Inner side" refers to the side of the dimming component 10 closer to the center in a direction orthogonal to the stacking direction dL. The end of the first liquid crystal layer 35 refers to the contact surface with the sealing material 37. The end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 refers to the portion along the outer periphery of the polymer 55 or polymer network 56. However, if the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located excessively outward compared to the ends of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23, or if the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located excessively inward compared to the end of the first liquid crystal layer 35, the non-functional area in the dimming component 10 will increase. Therefore, it is preferable that the length of the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 located outward compared to the ends of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23, or the length of the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 located inward compared to the end of the first liquid crystal layer 35, is shorter. Specifically, the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located at a position 0.4 mm or less outward compared to the ends of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23, and preferably at a position 0.4 mm or less inward compared to the end of the first liquid crystal layer 35. Furthermore, in Figure 2 In the diagram, the position of the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is indicated by dashed line A, the end of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the end of the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the end of the reflective polarizer 23 are indicated by dashed line B, and the end of the first liquid crystal layer 35 is indicated by dashed line C.

[0105] Next, refer to Figures 7 to 16 The function of one example and another example of the dimming component 10 is explained. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of an example of the dimming component 10. Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of an example of the dimming component 10. Figure 7 and Figure 12 In this diagram, the constituent elements of incident light that can be acted upon are extracted from the dimming unit 10 and represented in a simplified manner. Figures 8-11 and Figures 13-16In the diagram, a unidirectional arrow indicates the direction of light travel, and a bidirectional arrow surrounded by a circle indicates the polarization state of the light. In one example of the operation of the dimming unit 10 described below, the first liquid crystal layer 35 of the first dimming unit 20 is of TN configuration, and the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in an orthogonal Nicol configuration. Furthermore, the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40 is a conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer.

[0106] First, such as Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the function of the dimming component 10 when the first dimming unit 20 is configured such that the side of the first absorption polarizer 21 is opposite to the second dimming unit 40. Figure 7 As shown, when the first dimming unit 20 is configured such that the side where the first absorption polarizer 21 is disposed is opposite to the second dimming unit 40, it is assumed that the dimming component 10 can be observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20. For example, when using such a dimming component 10 as... Figure 1 In the case of the sun visor shown, the first dimming unit 20 is disposed on the inside of the vehicle, and the second dimming unit 40 is disposed on the outside of the vehicle facing the windshield 5.

[0107] First, refer to Figure 8 This describes the case where no voltage is applied to either the first liquid crystal layer 35 or the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L1 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Only the linearly polarized light component vibrating in the opposite direction is transmitted through the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20. Then, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of light L1 rotates by 90°. Therefore, light L1 is neither reflected nor absorbed, but is transmitted through the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the orthogonally arranged reflective polarizer 23 and the first absorptive polarizer 21. The light L1 transmitted through the first dimming unit 20 is then incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes highly hazy. Therefore, light L1 diffuses and is simultaneously transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50. In this way, the light L1 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is emitted in a diffused state from the second dimming unit 40 side.

[0108] Light L2 incident from the second dimming unit 40 side onto the dimming component 10 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes highly hazy. Therefore, light L2 diffuses and simultaneously transmits through the second liquid crystal layer 50. Light L2 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is incident on the first dimming unit 20. This light L2 is diffused, unpolarized light, that is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Light L2 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in one direction. Because the transmission axis of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel nicol configuration, light L2 transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 directly transmits through the reflective polarizer 23. Then, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of light L1 is rotated by 90°. As a result, light L2 is not absorbed, but is transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 arranged in orthogonal nicol configuration. In this way, the light L2 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is emitted in a diffused state from the first dimming unit 20 side.

[0109] Therefore, it can be understood that when no voltage is applied to both the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, it will appear cloudy and opaque due to light diffusion. Similarly, when the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, it will also appear cloudy and opaque due to light diffusion. Furthermore, when the reflectivity of the second dimming unit 40 is below 10% at its maximum haze value, both the side of the first dimming unit 20 and the side of the second dimming unit 40 will appear dark.

[0110] Next, refer to Figure 9 This describes the case where a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 but no voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L3 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. The light L3 incident on the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in the opposite direction. Afterwards, the light L3 is transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating its polarization direction. Therefore, the light L3 is reflected by the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the reflective polarizer 23 arranged in orthogonal Nicol configuration. The light L3 reflected by the reflective polarizer 23 is transmitted again through the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, and exits from the first dimming unit 20 side. Thus, the light L3 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side exits from the first dimming unit 20 side.

[0111] Light L4 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is in a high haze state. Therefore, light L4 diffuses and simultaneously transmits through the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L4 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is diffused, unpolarized light, that is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. A portion of this light L4 is incident on the first dimming unit 20, and another portion of the light L4 is reflected by the interface between the second dimming unit 40 and the first dimming unit 20, such as the interface between the first dimming unit 20 and the first bonding layer 17 or the interface between the second dimming unit 40 and the first bonding layer 17. A portion of the light L4 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in one direction. Because the transmission axis of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel Nikol configuration, a portion of the light L4 transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 is directly transmitted through the reflective polarizer 23. Subsequently, a portion of light L4 is transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating its polarization direction. Therefore, a portion of light L4 is absorbed by the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, which are orthogonally arranged in a Nicol configuration. Thus, a portion of the light L4 incident on the dimming member 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is absorbed by the dimming member 10 and not emitted. On the other hand, another portion of the light L4 reflected by the interface between the second dimming unit 40 and the first dimming unit 20 is again incident on the second dimming unit 40 and diffuses. Thus, another portion of the light L4 incident on the dimming member 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is emitted in a diffused state from the second dimming unit 40.

[0112] Therefore, it can be understood that when a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 but not to the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming member 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, the dimming member 10 is observed as a reflective surface of reflected light. If the dimming member 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, it can be observed that the dimming member 10 is cloudy and opaque due to light diffusion. Furthermore, when the reflectivity of the second dimming unit 40 is less than 10% at the state of maximum haze, the side of the second dimming unit 40 can be observed to be dark.

[0113] Next, refer to Figure 10This describes the case where no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 but a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L5 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Only the linearly polarized light component vibrating in the opposite direction is transmitted through the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20. Then, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of light L5 rotates by 90°. Therefore, light L5 is neither reflected nor absorbed, but is transmitted through the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the orthogonally arranged reflective polarizer 23 and the first absorptive polarizer 21. The light L5 transmitted through the first dimming unit 20 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes in a low-haze state. Therefore, light L5 is transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 without diffusion. In this way, the light L5 incident on the dimming component 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is emitted from the second dimming unit 40 side.

[0114] Light L6 incident from the second dimming unit 40 side onto the dimming component 10 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is in a low-haze state. Therefore, light L6 is transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 without diffusion. Light L6 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is incident on the first dimming unit 20. Light L6 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Light L6 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in one direction. Because the transmission axis of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel nicol configuration, light L6 transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 is directly transmitted through the reflective polarizer 23. Afterwards, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of light L6 is rotated by 90°. Therefore, light L6 is not absorbed, but is transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 arranged in orthogonal Nicol configuration. Thus, light L6 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is emitted from the first dimming unit 20 side.

[0115] Therefore, it can be understood that when no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 and a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, the dimming component 10 will be transparent. Even if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, the dimming component 10 will also be transparent.

[0116] Finally, refer to Figure 11This describes the situation where voltages are applied to both the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L7 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. The light L7 incident on the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in the opposite direction. Afterwards, the light L7 is transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating its polarization direction. Therefore, the light L7 is reflected by the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the reflective polarizer 23 arranged in orthogonal Nicol configuration. The light L7 reflected by the reflective polarizer 23 is transmitted again through the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, and exits from the first dimming unit 20 side. Thus, the light L7 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side exits from the first dimming unit 20 side.

[0117] Light L8 incident from the second dimming unit 40 side onto the dimming component 10 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is in a low-haze state. Therefore, light L8 is transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 without diffusion. Light L8 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is incident on the first dimming unit 20. Light L8 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Light L8 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21 is transmitted only by linearly polarized light components vibrating in one direction. Because the transmission axis of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel nicotinic configuration, light L8 transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 is directly transmitted through the reflective polarizer 23. Afterward, light L8 is transmitted in the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating the polarization direction. Therefore, light L8 is absorbed by the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 arranged in orthogonal nicotinic configuration. In this way, the light L8 incident on the dimming component 10 from the side of the first dimming unit 20 is absorbed by the dimming component 10 and is not emitted.

[0118] Therefore, it can be understood that when a voltage is applied to both the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, the dimming component 10 is observed as a reflective surface of reflected light. If the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, the dimming component 10 is observed to be black and blocked from light.

[0119] As described above, the states observed from the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40 can be controlled by applying voltages to the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0120] Table 1

[0121]

[0122] That is, it can be understood that in this dimming component 10, by applying voltage to the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50, the transparent state, the opaque state, and the reflective state can be switched when viewed from the first dimming unit 20 side. Furthermore, it can be understood that when viewed from the second dimming unit 40 side, the transparent state and the opaque state are switched, but the reflective state is absent, and light reflection is suppressed.

[0123] Next, as Figure 12 The diagram illustrates the function of the dimming component 10 when it is configured such that the side with the second absorption polarizer 22 is opposite to the second dimming unit 40. Figure 12 As shown, when the side where the second absorption polarizer 22 is disposed becomes the side opposite to the second dimming unit 40, it is assumed that the dimming component 10 can be observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40. For example, when using such a dimming component 10 as... Figure 1 In the case of the sun visor shown, the first dimming unit 20 is located on the outer side of the vehicle facing the windshield 5, and the second dimming unit 40 is located on the inner side of the vehicle.

[0124] First, refer to Figure 13 This describes the case where no voltage is applied to either the first liquid crystal layer 35 or the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L9 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Only the linearly polarized light component vibrating in one direction is transmitted through the light L9 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21. Because the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel nicotinic configuration, the light L9 transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 directly passes through the reflective polarizer 23. Then, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of the light L9 rotates by 90°. Therefore, the light L9 is not absorbed, but is transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, which is arranged in orthogonal nicotinic configuration. The light L9 transmitted through the first dimming unit 20 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes highly hazy. Therefore, light L9 diffuses and simultaneously transmits through the second liquid crystal layer 50. In this way, light L9 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is emitted in a diffused state from the second dimming unit 40 side.

[0125] Light L10 incident from the second dimming unit 40 side onto the dimming component 10 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes highly hazy. Therefore, light L10 diffuses and simultaneously transmits through the second liquid crystal layer 50. Light L10 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is incident on the first dimming unit 20. This light L10 is diffused, unpolarized light, that is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Light L10 incident on the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in the other direction. Then, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of light L10 is rotated by 90°. Thus, light L10 is not reflected or absorbed, but is transmitted through the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the reflective polarizer 23 and the first absorptive polarizer 21 arranged in orthogonal Nicol configuration. In this way, the light L10 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is emitted in a diffused state from the first dimming unit 20 side.

[0126] Therefore, it can be understood that when no voltage is applied to both the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, it will appear cloudy and opaque due to light diffusion. Similarly, when the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, it will also appear cloudy and opaque due to light diffusion. Furthermore, when the reflectivity of the second dimming unit 40 is below 10% at its maximum haze value, both the side of the first dimming unit 20 and the side of the second dimming unit 40 will appear dark.

[0127] Next, refer to Figure 14 This describes the case where a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 but no voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L11 incident on the dimming member 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. The light L11 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21 only transmits a linearly polarized light component that vibrates in one direction. Because the transmission axis of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel nicotinic configuration, the light L11 that has passed through the first absorptive polarizer 21 directly passes through the reflective polarizer 23. Afterwards, the light L11 is transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating its polarization direction. Therefore, the light L11 is absorbed by the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, which is arranged in orthogonal nicotinic configuration. Thus, the light L11 incident on the dimming member 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is absorbed by the dimming member 10 and not emitted.

[0128] Light L12 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is in a high haze state. Therefore, light L12 diffuses and simultaneously transmits through the second liquid crystal layer 50. Light L12 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is incident on the first dimming unit 20. This light L12 is diffused, unpolarized light, that is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Light L12 incident on the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in another direction. Afterward, light L12 is transmitted in the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating the polarization direction. Therefore, light L12 is reflected by the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the reflective polarizer 23 arranged in orthogonal Nicol configuration. Light L12 reflected by the reflective polarizer 23 is again transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, and is incident on the second dimming unit 40 from the first dimming unit 20. Light L12 diffuses and simultaneously transmits through the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40, and is emitted from the second dimming unit 40 side. In this way, the light L12 incident on the dimming member 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is emitted in a diffused state from the second dimming unit 40 side.

[0129] Therefore, it can be understood that when a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 but not to the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, it will appear black and blocked from light. If the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, it will appear cloudy and opaque due to light diffusion. Furthermore, when the reflectivity of the second dimming unit 40 is below 10% at the state of maximum haze, the side of the second dimming unit 40 will appear dark.

[0130] Next, refer to Figure 15This describes the case where no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35, but a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L13 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Only the linearly polarized light component vibrating in one direction is transmitted through the light L13 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21. Because the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel nicotinic configuration, the light L13 that has passed through the first absorptive polarizer 21 directly passes through the reflective polarizer 23. Then, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of the light L13 rotates by 90°. Therefore, the light L13 is not absorbed, but is transmitted through the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 arranged in orthogonal nicotinic configuration. The light L13 that has passed through the first dimming unit 20 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 becomes a low-haze state. Therefore, light L13 is transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 without diffusion. Thus, light L13 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is emitted from the second dimming unit 40 side.

[0131] Light L14 incident on the dimming unit 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is in a low-haze state. Therefore, light L14 is transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 without diffusion. Light L14 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is incident on the first dimming unit 20. Light L14 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Light L14 incident on the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in another direction. Then, in the first liquid crystal layer 35, the polarization direction of light L14 is rotated by 90°. As a result, light L14 is not reflected or absorbed, but is transmitted through the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the reflective polarizer 23 and the first absorptive polarizer 21 arranged in orthogonal Nicol configuration. In this way, the light L14 incident on the dimming component 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side is emitted from the first dimming unit 20 side.

[0132] Therefore, it can be understood that when no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 and a voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, the dimming component 10 will be transparent. Even if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, the dimming component 10 will also be transparent.

[0133] Finally, refer to Figure 16This describes the situation where voltages are applied to both the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50. The light L15 incident on the dimming member 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. The light L15 incident on the first absorptive polarizer 21 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in one direction. Because the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the reflective polarizer 23 are arranged in parallel nicotinic configuration, the light L15 that has passed through the first absorptive polarizer 21 directly passes through the reflective polarizer 23. Afterwards, the light L15 is transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating its polarization direction. Therefore, the light L15 is absorbed by the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, which is arranged in orthogonal nicotinic configuration. Thus, the light L15 incident on the dimming member 10 from the first dimming unit 20 side is absorbed by the dimming member 10 and not emitted.

[0134] Light L16 incident from the second dimming unit 40 side onto the dimming component 10 is incident on the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40. The second liquid crystal layer 50 is in a low-haze state. Therefore, light L16 is transmitted through the second liquid crystal layer 50 without diffusion. Light L16 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is incident on the first dimming unit 20. Light L16 transmitted through the second dimming unit 40 is external light, etc., and is unpolarized light. That is, it contains polarized light components in any direction. Light L16 incident on the second absorptive polarizer 22 of the first dimming unit 20 is transmitted only by the linearly polarized light component vibrating in another direction. Afterward, light L16 is transmitted in the first liquid crystal layer 35 without rotating the polarization direction. Therefore, light L16 is reflected by the second absorptive polarizer 22 and the reflective polarizer 23 arranged in orthogonal Nicol configuration. The light L16, reflected by the reflective polarizer 23, passes through the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 again, and enters the second dimming unit 40 from the first dimming unit 20. The light L16 then passes through the second liquid crystal layer 50 and exits from the second dimming unit 40 side. Thus, the light L16 that enters the dimming component 10 from the second dimming unit 40 side exits from the second dimming unit 40 side.

[0135] Therefore, it can be understood that when a voltage is applied to both the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50, if the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the first dimming unit 20, the dimming component 10 will appear black and blocked from light. If the dimming component 10 is observed from the side of the second dimming unit 40, the dimming component 10 will be observed as a reflective surface of reflected light.

[0136] As described above, the states observed from the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40 can be controlled by applying voltages to the first dimming unit 20 and the second dimming unit 40, as shown in Table 2 below.

[0137] Table 2

[0138]

[0139] That is, it can be understood that in this dimming component 10, by applying voltage to the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50, a transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state can be switched when viewed from the second dimming unit 40 side. Furthermore, it can be understood that when viewed from the first dimming unit 20 side, a transparent state and an opaque state can be switched, but there is no reflective state, and light reflection is suppressed.

[0140] In the above description of its function, the first liquid crystal layer 35 of the first dimming unit 20 is in a TN configuration. However, for example, the first liquid crystal layer 35 of the first dimming unit 20 can also be in a VA configuration. When the first liquid crystal layer 35 is in a VA configuration, the polarization direction of the light transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 rotates by 90° when a voltage is applied. Therefore, the state of the light transmitted through the first dimming unit 20 when a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 and when no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 is the opposite of the state when the liquid crystal of the first liquid crystal layer 35 is in a TN configuration.

[0141] Furthermore, in the above description of their functions, the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in an orthogonal nico configuration. However, the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 can also be arranged in a parallel nico configuration. When the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in a parallel nico configuration, if the polarization direction of the light in the first liquid crystal layer 35 is rotated by 90°, the light transmitted through one of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 is absorbed by the other. Therefore, the state of the light transmitted through the first dimming unit 20 when the polarization direction is rotated by 90° by applying a voltage to the first liquid crystal layer 35 and when the polarization direction is not rotated by 90° by applying a voltage to the first liquid crystal layer 35 is the opposite of the state when the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in an orthogonal nico configuration.

[0142] However, when using a dimming component as a sun visor for automobiles, especially from the side of the vehicle viewed by the occupants, it is required that the visor be transparent to ensure visibility through the sun, opaque to block external light, and reflective to allow observation of the interior. In other words, the dimming component must be switchable between transparent, opaque, and reflective states. However, as mentioned above, the optical component disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-211084 can only be switched between semi-transparent, opaque, and reflective states. When observing from a side not assumed to be observable, it can only switch between transparent and opaque states. That is, when the optical component of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-211084 is used as a dimming component in a sun visor, from one side of observation, it can only switch between semi-transparent, opaque, and reflective states, or only between transparent and opaque states.

[0143] On the other hand, regarding the dimming component 10 of this embodiment, as explained above, in... Figure 7 The example shown is an observation from the side of the first dimming unit 20. Figure 12 In the example shown, observation from the second dimming unit 40 side allows switching between transparent, opaque, and reflective states. Furthermore, in... Figure 7 The example shown is an observation from the second dimming unit 40 side. Figure 12 In the example shown, from the perspective of the first dimming unit 20, there is no reflection and the reflection of light is suppressed, making it less likely for unexpected reflections to occur.

[0144] In addition, such as Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, when the first dimming unit 20 is configured such that the side with the first absorptive polarizer 21 is opposite to the second dimming unit 40, the dimming component 10 can switch between a transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state even without applying voltage to both the first liquid crystal layer 35 and the second liquid crystal layer 50. Therefore, the dimming component 10 can be switched between a transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state in a power-saving manner.

[0145] Or, such as Figure 12 As shown, when the first dimming unit 20 is configured such that the side where the second absorption polarizer 22 is disposed is opposite to the second dimming unit 40, the first liquid crystal layer 35, which has a larger weight among the constituent elements of the dimming component 10, can be disposed near the center of the dimming component 10. Therefore, the stability of the dimming component 10 can be improved.

[0146] Furthermore, when the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in a parallel Nikol configuration, if the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 deviate slightly from the parallel Nikol configuration, even if the polarization direction of the light transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 is rotated by 90°, light can easily be transmitted through the first dimming unit 20. This is believed to be because, due to variations in the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 35, the rotation of the polarization direction of the light transmitted through the first liquid crystal layer 35 is not exactly 90°, and deviations can occur. That is, it is difficult to adequately block light in the first dimming unit 20 of the dimming member 10. On the other hand, when the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are arranged in an orthogonal Nikol configuration, even if the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 deviate from the orthogonal Nikol configuration, light is unlikely to be transmitted through the first dimming unit 20. That is, when the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are orthogonally arranged with nico, it is easier to sufficiently block light in the first dimming unit 20 of the dimming component 10 compared to when they are arranged in parallel with nico. Therefore, it is preferable that the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are orthogonally arranged with nico.

[0147] Therefore, in particular, to maximize light absorption in the first dimming unit 20 without applying voltage to the first liquid crystal layer 35, it is preferable that the transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22 are orthogonally arranged in a Nicol configuration, and that the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 35 are driven in a VA mode, where the polarization direction of the first liquid crystal layer 35 does not rotate when no voltage is applied. In this case, the minimum visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 can be set to 0.5% or less when no voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35.

[0148] Furthermore, the second dimming unit 40 has a reflectivity of less than 10% when the haze value is at its maximum. When observing this second dimming unit 40, it appears dark. Therefore, the situation where the second dimming unit 40 reflects external light and the dimming component 10 is difficult to see is suppressed.

[0149] Furthermore, the second liquid crystal layer 50 includes a dichroic pigment 53. According to the dichroic pigment 53, in a high-haze state, the second dimming unit 40 can be colored with any color, such as black. Because the second liquid crystal layer 50 includes the dichroic pigment 53, in a high-haze state, the dimming component 10 can be made less conspicuous. Alternatively, in a high-haze state, the appearance of the dimming component 10 can be made to blend in with the surrounding environment.

[0150] In the example described above, when a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 of the first dimming unit 20, the overlapping portion of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23 does not allow light to pass through and becomes black. When the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located inside the ends of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23, portions of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23 are not covered by the second liquid crystal layer 50. In the example described above, when a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 but not to the second liquid crystal layer 50, the portion covered by the second liquid crystal layer 50 appears cloudy, while the portion not covered by the second liquid crystal layer 50 is black. That is, a mixture of cloudy and black portions can be observed in the dimming component 10. Especially when observing the dimming component 10, the black portions are more noticeable than the cloudy portions, and the appearance of the dimming component 10 is impaired.

[0151] On the other hand, in this embodiment, the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located further outward than the ends of the first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23. In other words, the second liquid crystal layer 50 covers the entire first absorptive polarizer 21, the second absorptive polarizer 22, and the reflective polarizer 23. Therefore, in the example described above, when a voltage is applied to the first liquid crystal layer 35 but not to the second liquid crystal layer 50, no black portion is observed, but an overall cloudy appearance is observed. Therefore, the appearance of the dimming component 10 is less likely to be damaged.

[0152] When the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located further outward than the end of the first liquid crystal layer 35, the second liquid crystal layer 50 overlaps with the sealing material 37. The sealing material 37 can scatter transmitted light. If the second liquid crystal layer 50 overlaps with the sealing material 37, then in the example described above where no voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, light is scattered by both the second liquid crystal layer 50 and the sealing material 37 at the overlapping portion. Therefore, the overlapping portion of the second liquid crystal layer 50 and the sealing material 37 can be observed to be particularly white and conspicuous, and the appearance of the dimming component 10 is impaired.

[0153] On the other hand, in this embodiment, the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 is located further inward than the end of the first liquid crystal layer 35. In other words, the second liquid crystal layer 50 does not overlap with the sealing material 37. Therefore, in the example described above where no voltage is applied to the second liquid crystal layer 50, it is possible to observe a portion where light is not double-scattered, resulting in a uniformly cloudy white appearance. Because there are no noticeably white portions, the appearance of the dimming component 10 is less likely to be damaged.

[0154] Furthermore, the second bonding layer 18 covers the ends of the second dimming unit 40. By covering the ends of the second dimming unit 40 with the second bonding layer 18, the ends of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 and the end of the second liquid crystal layer 50 of the second dimming unit 40 can be covered by the second bonding layer 18. Therefore, the peeling of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 and the second liquid crystal layer 50 from the ends of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 is suppressed. In addition, the infiltration of moisture or the like into the space between the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 and the second liquid crystal layer 50 from the outside is suppressed. Therefore, the deterioration of the second electrodes 43 and 44 disposed between the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 and the second liquid crystal layer 50 is suppressed. That is, the performance degradation of the dimming component 10 is suppressed.

[0155] As described above, the dimming unit 10 of this embodiment includes a first dimming unit 20 whose visible light transmittance can be adjusted by applying a voltage, and a second dimming unit 40 stacked on the first dimming unit 20 whose haze value can be adjusted by applying a voltage. The first dimming unit 20 includes a first absorptive polarizer 21 and a second absorptive polarizer 22, a first liquid crystal cell 30 disposed between the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the second absorptive polarizer 22, and a reflective polarizer 23 disposed between the first absorptive polarizer 21 and the first liquid crystal cell 30. The first liquid crystal cell 30 can be switched by applying a voltage to a state in which light is transmitted while maintaining the polarized light direction, and a state in which light is transmitted while changing the polarized light direction. According to this dimming unit 10, in observation from the second dimming unit 40 side, a transparent state, an opaque state, and a reflective state can be switched.

[0156] This dimming component 10 is not limited to Figure 1 The sunshade shown can be applied, for example, to openings or transparent parts of moving objects such as windows of buildings or cars.

[0157] Furthermore, various modifications can be made to the above-described implementation methods.

[0158] For example, the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 can not only be in a high state and a low state, but can also be adjusted to an intermediate state by appropriately adjusting the voltage applied to the first dimming unit 20. That is, the first dimming unit 20 can also have at least three visible light transmittances. Taking a certain visible light transmittance means maintaining that visible light transmittance. By setting the visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit 20 to an intermediate state, a portion of the light incident on the first dimming unit 20 from the side of the first absorptive polarizer 21 can be transmitted while the other portion is blocked, and a portion of the light incident on the first dimming unit 20 from the side of the second absorptive polarizer 22 can be transmitted while the other portion is reflected. Therefore, in observation from the side of the first dimming unit 20, the first dimming unit 20 can be semi-transparent and semi-blocked, and in observation from the side of the second dimming unit 40, the first dimming unit 20 can be semi-transparent and semi-reflective. That is, the dimming component 10 can be set to a semi-transparent and semi-reflective state.

[0159] Furthermore, the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 can not only be high or low, but can also be adjusted to an intermediate state by appropriately adjusting the voltage applied to the second dimming unit 40. That is, the second dimming unit 40 can also have at least three haze values. Taking a certain haze value means maintaining that haze value. By setting the haze value of the second dimming unit 40 to an intermediate state, part of the light incident on the second dimming unit 40 can be transmitted while the other part is diffused. Therefore, in observation from the side of the first dimming unit 20, the first dimming unit 20 can be semi-transmissive and semi-diffuse, and in observation from the side of the second dimming unit 40, the first dimming unit 20 can be semi-transmissive and semi-diffuse or semi-reflective and semi-diffuse. That is, the dimming component can be set to a semi-transparent and semi-opaque state or a semi-reflective and semi-opaque state.

[0160] In addition, Figure 2 In the example shown, the second bonding layer 18 covers the end of the second dimming unit 40. However, as... Figure 17 As shown, it is also possible that instead of the second bonding layer 18 covering the end of the second dimming unit 40, the first bonding layer 17 covers the end of the second dimming unit 40, as shown. Figure 18As shown, the end of the second dimming unit 40 may not be covered by the second bonding layer 18, but by the first adhesive layer 27. Alternatively, not limited to the illustrated example, the end of the second dimming unit 40 may be covered by the second adhesive layer 28. Moreover, the end of the second dimming unit 40 may be covered by multiple layers of the first bonding layer 17, the second bonding layer 18, the first adhesive layer 27, and the second adhesive layer 28. That is, at least any one of the first bonding layer 17, the second bonding layer 18, the first adhesive layer 27, and the second adhesive layer 28 may cover the end of the second dimming unit 40. Even in this case, the peeling of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 and the second liquid crystal layer 50 from the ends of the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 is suppressed, and the infiltration of moisture or the like into the space between the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 and the second liquid crystal layer 50 from the outside is also suppressed. Therefore, the deterioration of the second electrodes 43 and 44 disposed between the second transparent substrates 41 and 42 and the second liquid crystal layer 50 is suppressed. That is, the performance degradation of the dimming component 10 is suppressed.

[0161] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0162] 10 Dimming components

[0163] 11 First transparent support body

[0164] 12 Second transparent support

[0165] 17 First bonding layer

[0166] 18 Second bonding layer

[0167] 20 First dimming unit

[0168] 21 First Absorption Type Polarizing Plate

[0169] 22 Second Absorption Polarizing Plate

[0170] 23. Reflective polarizing plate

[0171] 27 First adhesive layer

[0172] 28 Second adhesive layer

[0173] 30 First liquid crystal unit

[0174] 31, 32 First transparent substrate

[0175] 33, 34 First Electrode

[0176] 35 First liquid crystal layer

[0177] 37 Sealing materials

[0178] 40 Second dimming unit

[0179] 41, 42 Second transparent substrate

[0180] 43, 44 Second Electrode

[0181] 50 Second liquid crystal layer

[0182] 51 Liquid crystal materials

[0183] 52 liquid crystal molecules

[0184] 53 dichroic pigments

[0185] 55 Polymer

[0186] 56 Polymer Network

Claims

1. A dimming component, comprising: The first dimming unit can adjust the visible light transmittance by applying voltage; The second dimming unit, which is stacked on top of the first dimming unit, can adjust the haze value by applying voltage. The first dimming unit includes a first absorptive polarizing plate and a second absorptive polarizing plate, a first liquid crystal unit disposed between the first absorptive polarizing plate and the second absorptive polarizing plate, and a reflective polarizing plate disposed between the first absorptive polarizing plate and the first liquid crystal unit. The first liquid crystal cell can be switched between a state that allows light transmission while maintaining the polarization direction and a state that allows light transmission by changing the polarization direction by applying a voltage. The first liquid crystal unit can be TN, VA, IPS, or FFS type. The second dimming unit has a second liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied. The second liquid crystal layer is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer or a polymer-network liquid crystal layer. The end of the second liquid crystal layer is located on the outer side of the end of the first absorptive polarizer, the end of the second absorptive polarizer, and the end of the reflective polarizer.

2. The dimming component according to claim 1, wherein, The first dimming unit is configured such that the side on which the first absorptive polarizer is disposed becomes the side opposite to the second dimming unit.

3. The dimming component according to claim 1, wherein, The first dimming unit is configured such that the side with the second absorption polarizer is opposite to the second dimming unit.

4. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The transmission axes of the first absorptive polarizer and the second absorptive polarizer are orthogonally Nicholl-aligned.

5. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The first dimming unit can take at least three visible light transmittance values.

6. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The maximum visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit is above 20%. The minimum visible light transmittance of the first dimming unit is less than 2%.

7. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The second dimming unit can take at least three haze values.

8. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The maximum haze value of the second dimming unit is above 80%. The minimum haze value of the second dimming unit is below 15%.

9. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The difference between the maximum and minimum haze values ​​of the second dimming unit is more than 80%.

10. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The second dimming unit has a reflectivity of less than 10% when the haze value is at its maximum.

11. The dimming component according to claim 10, wherein, The second dimming unit has a colored transparent layer.

12. The dimming component according to claim 10, wherein, The second dimming unit also has a second electrode layer for applying voltage to the second liquid crystal layer. The second electrode layer is colored.

13. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The second liquid crystal layer contains dichroic pigments.

14. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The first liquid crystal cell has a first liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules whose orientation changes when a voltage is applied. The end of the second liquid crystal layer is located inside the end of the first liquid crystal layer.

15. The dimming component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The dimming component further comprises: a transparent support body supporting the first dimming unit and the second dimming unit; a first bonding layer bonding the first dimming unit and the second dimming unit; and a second bonding layer bonding the transparent support body and the second dimming unit. The first dimming unit further comprises: a first adhesive layer for bonding the reflective polarizer and the first liquid crystal unit; and a second adhesive layer for bonding the second absorptive polarizer and the first liquid crystal unit. At least one of the first bonding layer, the second bonding layer, the first adhesive layer, and the second adhesive layer covers the end of the second dimming unit.

Images