A medullary cavity reamer system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a medullary cavity reamer system, including: medullary cavity reamers of several specifications; and a distal reamer, the distal reamer including a distal reamer blade and a distal reamer rod, the distal reamer also including an inner cavity, the inner cavity is opened in the distal reamer, one end of the inner cavity is open, and the open end extends to the end of the distal reamer blade; the medullary cavity reamer can be extended into the inner cavity. The medullary cavity reamer system disclosed by the present invention combines two reamers for reaming, improves the accuracy of the reaming position, and prevents the position difference and reference difference caused by frequent replacement of reamers, reduces the doctor's memory task, and facilitates the progress of the operation; during the operation, the distal reamer always uses the medullary cavity reamer as the reference for penetration, ensuring the same reference, and can be used for both femur and tibia, and the shape of the distal reamer can also be designed according to the shape of the revision prosthesis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of surgical instruments, in particular to a medullary cavity reamer system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the number of knee revision surgeries has increased significantly. One important reason is the sharp increase in primary total knee replacements. Another factor is that the patients undergoing knee replacements are getting younger and younger, and patients are gradually accepting TKA surgeries, hoping to meet their high activity needs through TKA surgeries. KurtzS and other scholars predict that the increase in knee revision surgeries in the United States will significantly exceed primary total knee replacements / primary total hip replacements / hip revision surgeries, so knee revision surgery technology needs to be improved urgently.

[0003] At present, the most common knee revision is to use a reamer to ream the tibia and femur, so as to insert the prosthesis and compact it, or to apply bone cement to fix the prosthesis. In the process of installing a new knee prosthesis, the bone at the knee joint needs to be reshaped, which includes reaming the end surfaces of the femur and tibia at the knee joint to facilitate the implantation of the revision prosthesis.

[0004] However, in the prior art, the reamer tools used for reaming have certain defects: during the reaming process, it is first necessary to use reamers of different specifications to replace them step by step to perform the reaming action. In order to meet the differences in the shapes of the revision prostheses, reamers of different shapes are then needed to meet the appearance requirements of the revision prostheses. This results in the doctor having to devote a lot of energy to cope with the frequent replacement of reamers. Due to the differences in the shapes of the reamers, it is difficult to ensure coaxial reaming each time the reamer is replaced. The depth of each reaming needs to be continuously calculated and observed during the reaming process, that is, the benchmark for each reaming will have deviations, which will in turn affect the stability of the prosthesis implantation.

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned defects, the present application provides a medullary cavity reamer system to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a medullary cavity reamer system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a medullary cavity reamer system, comprising: medullary cavity reamers of several specifications; and a distal reamer, the distal reamer comprising a distal reamer blade and a distal reamer rod, the distal reamer also comprising an inner cavity, the inner cavity is opened in the distal reamer, one end of the inner cavity is open, and the open end extends to the end of the distal reamer blade; the medullary cavity reamer can be extended into the inner cavity.

[0008] Preferably, the intramedullary reamer also includes a plurality of scale values ​​and a plurality of scale lines; the distal reamer also includes a viewing window and a positioning line, the viewing window is provided on the distal reamer rod, and the positioning line is located on the outer wall of the distal reamer rod, corresponding to the viewing window.

[0009] Preferably, the distal reamer further comprises a buffer window, which is also provided on the distal reamer rod. The buffer window is located between the window and the distal reamer blade and is communicated with the window.

[0010] Preferably, the distal reamer blade comprises: a plurality of first edge bands, which are arranged along the distal reamer rod in a spiral shape; and a plurality of first edge bottoms, which are grooves formed between the plurality of first edge bands and are also in a spiral shape.

[0011] Preferably, the distal reamer blade comprises: a plurality of end blades, which are arranged at the end of the distal reamer rod and connected to the first blade band; and a plurality of end blade edges, which are grooves formed between the plurality of end blades and connected to the first blade bottom.

[0012] Preferably, the intramedullary reamer includes a first reamer, and the first reamer includes an intramedullary reamer blade A and an intramedullary reamer rod A.

[0013] Preferably, the intramedullary reamer blade A includes: a plurality of second edge bands A, which are arranged along the intramedullary reamer rod A in a spiral shape, and one end of the second edge band A extends to one end of the intramedullary reamer rod A; and a plurality of second blade bottoms A, which are grooves formed between the plurality of second edge bands A, also in a spiral shape; and a puncture tip, which is located on the intramedullary reamer rod A close to the end of the second edge band A.

[0014] Preferably, the intramedullary reamer includes a second reamer, and the second reamer includes an intramedullary reamer blade B and an intramedullary reamer rod B.

[0015] Preferably, the medullary cavity reamer blade B includes: a plurality of second edge bands B, which are arranged along the medullary cavity reamer rod B in a spiral shape, and one end of the second edge band B extends to one end of the medullary cavity reamer rod B; and a plurality of second blade bottoms B, which are grooves formed between the plurality of second edge bands B, also in a spiral shape; and an end plane, which is located on the medullary cavity reamer rod B close to the end of the second edge band B; and a first fillet and a second fillet, the first fillet being a smooth connection surface formed at the connection between one end of the second edge band B and the end plane, and the second fillet being a smooth connection surface formed at the connection between one end of the second edge band B and the medullary cavity reamer rod B.

[0016] Preferably, a limit block is provided inside the inner cavity to limit the depth of the second reamer extending into the inner cavity.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The present invention discloses a medullary cavity reamer system. After the medullary cavity reamer has completed reaming, the distal reamer is sleeved on the medullary cavity reamer retained in the medullary cavity hole to start reaming. At this time, the distal reamer is coaxial with the medullary cavity reamer, and the medullary cavity reamer can be used as a reference for reaming, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the reaming. At the same time, the medullary cavity reamer can be used as a reference for considering the filing depth, that is, the reaming accuracy of two or more reamers is improved, and at the same time, the position difference and reference difference caused by frequent replacement of reamers are prevented, thereby reducing the doctor's memory and facilitating the operation process.

[0019] 2. The invention discloses a medullary cavity reamer system, which is also provided with scale values ​​and scale lines on the medullary cavity reamer, and with a viewing window and a positioning line on the distal reamer. The doctor can observe the specific value of the scale value on the medullary cavity reamer through the viewing window, and use the value as a reference for the depth of the distal reamer, thereby realizing the consideration of the filing depth based on the medullary cavity reamer, thereby further improving the filing accuracy.

[0020] 3. The invention discloses a medullary cavity reamer system, in which the medullary cavity reamer can be expanded from small to large, and the cutting of the bone end surface by the distal reamer can be completed in one step without the use of other instruments for assistance. In addition, the design principle of the reamer system is simple and easy to implement, and the shape of the distal reamer can be designed according to different prosthesis shapes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 is a front view of the distal reamer in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a side view of the distal reamer in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the distal reamer in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is a front view of the first reamer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 is a front view of the second reamer in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the second reamer placed in the distal reamer in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0028] In the figure:

[0029] Distal reamer 1, distal reamer blade 11, first blade band 111, first blade bottom 112, end blade 113, end blade edge 114, distal reamer rod 12, inner cavity 13, window 14, positioning line 15, buffer window 16, and limit block 17;

[0030] First reamer 2, scale value A21, scale line A22, intramedullary reamer blade A23, second blade band A231, second blade bottom A232, puncture tip 233, intramedullary reamer rod A24;

[0031] Second reamer 3, scale value B31, scale line B32, medullary cavity reamer blade B33, second blade band B331, second blade bottom B332, end plane 333, first rounded corner 334, second rounded corner 335, medullary cavity reamer rod B34. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] After knee replacement surgery, if the knee prosthesis shows symptoms such as loosening, infection, pain, and limited flexion and extension function, indicating that the patellar track is not correct, a knee revision surgery is required. Specifically, the knee prosthesis is removed and a new knee prosthesis is reinstalled. During the installation of the new knee prosthesis, the bone at the knee joint needs to be re-repaired. The re-repair includes reaming the femur and tibia end surfaces at the knee joint to facilitate the implantation of the revision prosthesis. In the prior art, the reamer system for reaming has certain defects: during the reaming process, it is first necessary to use reamers of different specifications to replace the reaming step by step. In order to meet the differences in the shapes of the revision prostheses, reamers of different shapes are then needed to meet the appearance requirements of the revision prostheses. This results in the doctor needing to invest a lot of energy to deal with the frequent replacement of the reamer. Due to the differences in the shapes of the reamer, it is difficult to ensure coaxial reaming each time the reamer is replaced. The depth of each reaming needs to be continuously calculated and observed during the reaming process, that is, the reference of each reaming will have deviations, which will affect the stability of the prosthesis implantation.

[0034] Based on the above, the present application provides Example 1, specifically a medullary cavity reamer system, to solve the defects existing in the prior art.

[0035] Specifically, the reamer system includes several sizes of intramedullary reamer, wherein the intramedullary reamer of several sizes are replaced step by step from small to large to perform reaming on the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia until the intramedullary cavity hole is of a suitable size; Figure 1, also includes a distal reamer 1, the distal reamer 1 is used to further expand the medullary cavity hole, that is, on the basis of the medullary cavity hole, the medullary cavity hole is further made to conform to the shape of the bone part of the revision prosthesis implanted, wherein the distal reamer 1 includes a distal reamer blade 11 and a distal reamer rod 12, the distal reamer rod 12 is connected to a power mechanism, which is used to transmit the power source to the distal reamer blade 11, and the distal reamer blade 11 is used for further reaming. In this embodiment, the distal reamer blade 11 is preferably a trapezoidal column structure. In other embodiments, the shape of the distal reamer blade 11 may change with the shape of the revision prosthesis.

[0036] Further, after the preliminary reaming is completed, in order to maintain the coaxial reaming and ensure a uniform reference, the distal reamer 1 is considered to use the intramedullary reamer as a reference to determine the reaming axis and reaming depth; specifically, Figures 2-3 The distal reamer 1 also includes an inner cavity 13, which is opened in the distal reamer 1. One end of the inner cavity 13 is open, and the open end extends to the end of the distal reamer blade 11, and the medullary cavity reamer can be inserted into the inner cavity 13; after the initial filing action until the medullary cavity hole is of appropriate size, a medullary cavity reamer of appropriate specifications is retained in the medullary cavity hole, and then the power mechanism is evacuated from the medullary cavity reamer and installed on the distal reamer 1, and the distal reamer 1 is sleeved on the medullary cavity reamer retained in the medullary cavity hole to start reaming. At this time, the distal reamer 1 is coaxial with the medullary cavity reamer, and the medullary cavity reamer can be used as a reference for reaming, thereby ensuring the coaxiality of the reaming, and the filing depth can be considered with the medullary cavity reamer as a reference.

[0037] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the consideration of the filing depth of the distal reamer 1 based on the intramedullary reamer, the intramedullary reamer also includes a plurality of scale values ​​and a plurality of scale lines; Figure 1 The distal reamer 1 also includes a window 14 and a positioning line 15. The window 14 is opened on the distal reamer rod 12. The positioning line 15 is located on the outer wall of the distal reamer rod 12 and corresponds to the window 14. The window connects the inner cavity 13 with the outside of the distal reamer 1. The doctor can observe the specific value of the scale value on the medullary cavity reamer through the window 14, and use the value as a reference for the depth of the distal reamer 1. When the scale line corresponding to the appropriate scale value coincides with the positioning line 15, it indicates that the reaming depth is in place and the reaming action can be stopped.

[0038] Furthermore, in order to further guide the doctor's hole expansion action and prevent excessive hole expansion caused by a fast hole expansion speed, such as Figure 1The distal reamer 1 also includes a buffer window 16, which is also provided on the distal reamer rod 12. The buffer window 16 is located between the window 14 and the distal reamer blade 11 and is connected to the window 14. During the hole expansion action, when the appropriate scale value enters the buffer window 16, it can remind the doctor that the appropriate depth is about to be reached. At this moment, the doctor needs to pay attention to the intensity. The doctor needs to reduce the hole expansion speed until the scale line corresponding to the appropriate scale value coincides with the positioning line 15. This can avoid excessive hole expansion and achieve the depth consistent with the design.

[0039] Further, such as Figure 1 The distal reamer blade 11 specifically includes a plurality of first edge bands 111, which are evenly arranged with the distal reamer rod 12 as the axial center, and each first edge band 111 is spirally arranged along the axial direction of the distal reamer rod 12, which is conducive to deep cutting.

[0040] Further, such as Figure 1 The distal reamer blade 11 also includes a plurality of first blade bottoms 112, which are grooves formed between the plurality of first blade bands 111 and are also arranged in a spiral shape. The grooves can help remove chips and prevent bone debris generated by reaming from clogging.

[0041] Further, when the medullary cavity reamer reams to a suitable depth and diameter, the distal reamer 1 begins to ream from small to large depths. Since the medullary cavity hole is only a straight hole formed by the medullary cavity reamer at this time, it is difficult for the distal reamer 1 to penetrate deeply. Based on this, Figure 2 The distal reamer blade 11 also includes a plurality of end blades 113, which are evenly arranged at the end of the distal reamer rod 12 with the distal reamer rod 12 as the axial center, and are connected to the first blade band 111, ensuring that the distal reamer 1 can first ream the end surface bone of the femur or tibia during the hole expansion process, thereby facilitating the penetration of the distal reamer blade 1.

[0042] Further, such as Figure 2 The distal reamer blade 11 also includes a plurality of end blade edges 114, which are grooves formed between the plurality of end blades 113, connected with the first blade bottom 112, and also used for chip removal.

[0043] On the basis of Example 1, since the intramedullary reamer includes several specifications, and the functions of the intramedullary reamer with the smallest specification and the intramedullary reamer with other specifications are different, the present application also provides Example 2 and Example 3 to respectively introduce the intramedullary reamer with the smallest specification and the intramedullary reamer with other specifications.

[0044] Specifically, Figure 4Embodiment 2 discloses a minimum-sized intramedullary reamer, which is a first reamer 2; wherein the first reamer 2 includes an intramedullary reamer blade A23 and an intramedullary reamer rod A24, the intramedullary reamer rod A24 is connected to a power mechanism for transmitting a power source to the intramedullary reamer blade A23, and the intramedullary reamer blade A23 is used for reaming holes in the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia.

[0045] Further, such as Figure 4 The first reamer 2 also includes a plurality of scale values ​​A21 and a plurality of scale lines A22 for cooperating with the window 14 , the positioning line 15 , and the buffer window 16 on the distal reamer 1 in Embodiment 1.

[0046] Further, such as Figure 4 The medullary cavity reamer blade A23 includes a plurality of second edge bands A231, and the plurality of second edge bands A231 are evenly arranged with the medullary cavity reamer rod A24 as the axial center. Each second edge band A231 is spirally arranged along the axial direction of the medullary cavity reamer rod A24, and one end of the second edge band A231 extends to one end of the medullary cavity reamer rod A24, which is conducive to deep cutting.

[0047] Further, such as Figure 4 The intramedullary reamer blade A23 also includes a plurality of second blade bottoms A232, which are grooves formed between a plurality of second edge bands A231, and are also spiral-shaped. The grooves can help remove chips and prevent bone debris generated by reaming from clogging.

[0048] Further, such as Figure 4 The intramedullary reamer blade A23 also includes a puncture tip 233, which is located on the intramedullary reamer rod A24 at the end close to the second blade A231. The puncture tip 233 plays an initial puncture role. The minimum specification of the intramedullary reamer is relatively large in diameter relative to the initial intramedullary hole on the bone end surface, and the puncture tip 233 can play a very good puncture role.

[0049] Embodiment 3 discloses other specifications of intramedullary reamer, such as Figure 5 , specifically the second reamer 3, wherein the second reamer 3 includes a medullary cavity reamer blade B33 and a medullary cavity reamer rod B34, the medullary cavity reamer rod B34 is connected to a power mechanism for transmitting a power source to the medullary cavity reamer blade B33, and the medullary cavity reamer blade B33 is used for reaming holes in the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia.

[0050] Further, such as Figure 5 The second reamer 3 also includes a plurality of scale values ​​B31 and a plurality of scale lines B32, which are used to cooperate with the window 14, the positioning line 15, and the buffer window 16 on the distal reamer 1 in Example 1.

[0051] Further, such as Figure 5The medullary cavity reamer blade B33 includes a plurality of second edge bands B331, and the plurality of second edge bands B331 are evenly arranged with the medullary cavity reamer rod B34 as the axial center. Each second edge band B331 is spirally arranged along the axial direction of the medullary cavity reamer rod B34, and one end of the second edge band B331 extends to one end of the medullary cavity reamer rod B34, which is conducive to deep cutting.

[0052] Further, such as Figure 5 The intramedullary reamer blade B33 also includes a plurality of second blade bottoms B332. The second blade bottoms B332 are grooves formed between a plurality of second blade bands B331, which are also spiral-shaped. The grooves can help remove chips and prevent bone debris generated by reaming from clogging.

[0053] Furthermore, other specifications of intramedullary reamer can be expanded on the basis of the previous specifications, so the starting end surface of the reamer blade can be made into a plane. Figure 5 The medullary cavity reamer blade B33 also includes an end plane 333, and the end plane 333 is located on the end of the medullary cavity reamer rod B34 close to the second edge band B331.

[0054] Furthermore, in order to prevent the side wall of the bone from being damaged during the expansion process, causing bone penetration or rupture, such as Figure 5 The medullary reamer blade B33 also includes a first rounded corner 334 and a second rounded corner 335. The first rounded corner 334 is a smooth connection surface formed at the connection between one end of the second blade band B331 and the end plane 333, and the second rounded corner 335 is a smooth connection surface formed at the connection between one end of the second blade band B331 and the medullary reamer rod B34.

[0055] like Figure 6 Since the diameter of the blade part of other specifications of intramedullary reamers is larger, the blade part is difficult to extend into the inner cavity 13 of the distal reamer 1 provided in Example 1. Therefore, it is necessary to shorten the length of the intramedullary reamer blade B33 of the second reamer 3 so that the intramedullary reamer rod B34 can smoothly extend into the inner cavity 13 for hole expansion, thereby obtaining an intramedullary cavity hole consistent with the shape of the revision prosthesis; however, on this basis, a new problem arises: there is a risk of collision between the blade tail end face of the intramedullary reamer blade B33 and the end face of the distal reamer 1.

[0056] In order to solve this problem, the present application provides Example 4, which is a distal reamer.

[0057] like Figure 6The difference between the distal reamer in the present embodiment 4 and the distal reamer 1 in the present embodiment 1 is that the present distal reamer further includes a limiting block 17, the limiting block 17 is located inside the inner cavity 13, and is used to limit the depth of the second reamer 3 in the present embodiment 3 extending into the inner cavity 13, so as to prevent the collision of the cutting edges. In the present embodiment, the limiting block 17 is preferably a limiting pin penetrated through the inner cavity 13.

[0058] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medullary cavity reamer system, characterized in that: include: Several specifications of intramedullary reamers; and a distal reamer, the distal reamer comprising a distal reamer blade and a distal reamer rod, the distal reamer further comprising an inner cavity, the inner cavity being opened in the distal reamer, one end of the inner cavity being open, and the open end extending to the end of the distal reamer blade; The medullary cavity reamer can extend into the inner cavity; The intramedullary reamer comprises a first reamer, and the first reamer comprises an intramedullary reamer blade A and an intramedullary reamer rod A; The intramedullary reamer blade A comprises: A plurality of second edge bands A, which are arranged along the intramedullary reamer rod A in a spiral shape, and one end of the second edge band A extends to one end of the intramedullary reamer rod A; and a plurality of second blade bottoms A, wherein the second blade bottoms A are grooves formed between the plurality of second blade bands A, and are also spiral-shaped; and a puncture tip, wherein the puncture tip is located on the end of the intramedullary reamer rod A close to the second edge band A.

2. A medullary cavity reamer system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intramedullary reamer also includes a plurality of scale values ​​and a plurality of scale lines; The distal reamer also includes a viewing window and a positioning line. The viewing window is provided on the distal reamer rod, and the positioning line is located on the outer wall of the distal reamer rod and corresponds to the viewing window.

3. A medullary cavity reamer system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distal reamer further comprises a buffer window, which is also provided on the distal reamer rod and is located between the window and the distal reamer blade.

4. The intramedullary reamer system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distal reamer blade comprises: A plurality of first edge bands, wherein the plurality of first edge bands are arranged along the distal reamer rod in a spiral shape; And a plurality of first blade bottoms, wherein the first blade bottoms are grooves formed between the plurality of first blade bands in pairs and are also spiral-shaped.

5. The intramedullary reamer system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distal reamer blade comprises: A plurality of end blades, wherein the plurality of end blades are arranged at the end of the distal reamer rod and connected with the first blade band; And a plurality of end blade edges, wherein the end blade edges are grooves formed between the plurality of end blades and connected with the first blade bottom.

6. A medullary cavity reamer system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The intramedullary reamer includes a second reamer, and the second reamer includes an intramedullary reamer blade B and an intramedullary reamer rod B.

7. The intramedullary reamer system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The medullary cavity reamer blade B comprises: A plurality of second edge bands B, which are arranged along the medullary cavity reamer rod B in a spiral shape, and one end of the second edge band B extends to one end of the medullary cavity reamer rod B; and a plurality of second blade bottoms B, wherein the second blade bottoms B are grooves formed between the plurality of second blade bands B in pairs, and are also spiral-shaped; and an end plane, the end plane being located on the end of the medullary cavity reamer rod B close to the second margin B; And a first fillet and a second fillet, the first fillet is a smooth connection surface formed by the connection between one end of the second edge band B and the end plane, and the second fillet is a smooth connection surface formed by the connection between one end of the second edge band B and the medullary cavity reamer rod B.

8. The intramedullary reamer system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A limit block is arranged inside the inner cavity to limit the depth of the second reamer extending into the inner cavity.

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