A Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Inversion Test System for Surface Temperature and Its Control Method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermal infrared imaging and temperature measurement, and discloses a thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system and a control method thereof, including a temperature-controlled glass water tank, a low emissivity substrate, a stripe target, a glass water tank temperature measurement and control component, a turntable, an infrared filter, an equivalent optical system of an infrared space remote sensing camera, an uncooled thermal infrared detector, and an adjustable bracket; the stripe target is temperature-controlled through the glass water tank, and the thermal radiation emitted from the stripe target is focused and imaged on the infrared detector through the equivalent optical system. If the infrared detector is radiometrically calibrated by a surface source blackbody, the temperature information corresponding to the target scale can be inversely deduced from the effective readings at the pixel level of the infrared detector. The present invention can artificially regulate the key elements of temperature inversion, and is of great significance for carrying out the mechanism research of thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion, the calibration of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, and the quantitative research, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermal infrared imaging and temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system that can be carried out under laboratory conditions and a control method thereof. Background Technique

[0002] At present, the thermal infrared spectral band of 8-12.5μm can be used to invert land surface and sea surface temperatures, and plays an important role in aspects such as climate change, water resource management, and urban thermal research. Compared with temperature measurement based on ground meteorological stations, surface temperature remote sensing inversion carried out based on imaging data of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments has advantages such as wide coverage and high working efficiency.

[0003] The remote sensing temperature measurement process based on thermal radiation transfer is complex, with many intermediate links and many quantities to be measured. If the inversion process is not properly processed, it will cause large inversion errors. At present, the calibration of thermal infrared surface temperature products mainly relies on a limited number of ground calibration fields and cross-calibration of the same type of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments. However, restricted by aspects such as orbital parameters, spatial scale, observation angle, and response spectral band, it is difficult to achieve real-time and accurate absolute calibration.

[0004] On the other hand, at present, the surface temperature remote sensing inversion of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments still faces many problems and requires experimental methods for principle and technology verification, including the effects of heterogeneous pixel effect, adjacent pixel effect, spatial scale transformation, observation angle, response channel, and atmospheric conditions. At present, there are many factors in the remote sensing temperature inversion process based on calibration field data, making it difficult to carry out the influence analysis of a single factor, which is also not conducive to the improvement of remote sensing inversion accuracy and algorithm improvement.

[0005] The surface temperature remote sensing inversion process based on thermal infrared radiation transfer is complex, with many intermediate links and many quantities to be measured. The action mechanisms of some factors in the inversion process are not clear. If the inversion process is not properly processed, it will cause large inversion errors. The accuracy of thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion is mainly affected by aspects such as the physical properties of ground object targets, the thermal radiation transfer path, and the system response of space remote sensing instruments.

[0006] At present, the verification of thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion products mainly relies on a limited number of ground calibration fields and cross-calibration between space remote sensing instruments. The types, quantities, and locations of thermal infrared calibration fields are very limited. At the same time, affected by the operating orbits, swaths, resolutions, atmospheric conditions, and human factors of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, the available usage time and frequencies are relatively limited. In addition, there are high requirements for the consistency of people, the environment, and time, and synchronous space-ground joint measurements need to be carried out. Cross-calibration uses the method of normalizing the spectral response function and is used to invert remote sensing data by associating with internationally recognized space remote sensing instruments with high-precision calibration. However, due to differences in orbital parameters, swaths, resolutions, and response spectral bands among different space remote sensing instruments, if not properly processed, large calibration errors will be introduced, and at the same time, this is a non-independent relative test.

[0007] In addition, some physical mechanisms or action mechanisms are still unclear during the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion process and need to be verified through experimental methods, including problems such as the heterogeneous pixel problem, adjacent pixel effect, spatial scale effect, and thermal infrared observation angle and response spectral band that need to be solved urgently. Conducting research on the above problems directly in the calibration field faces many uncertain factors. Therefore, there is also an urgent need for experimental platforms and related facilities in terms of remote sensing temperature measurement mechanism research.

[0008] Thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments are difficult to be directly applied to the experimental platform because such instruments usually design the incident light as parallel light from infinity and it is difficult to image ground targets at a limited indoor distance. If an experimental setup using a collimator is used, on the one hand, it is difficult to carry out pixel-level temperature inversion verification due to the magnification constraint, and on the other hand, experimental errors are easily introduced.

[0009] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows:

[0010] (1) The existing remote sensing temperature measurement based on thermal radiation transfer has a complex process, many intermediate links, many quantities to be measured, and the action mechanisms of some factors during the inversion process are not clear. If the inversion process is not properly processed, large inversion errors will be caused; at the same time, it is difficult for the existing technology to achieve real-time and accurate absolute calibration.

[0011] (2) At present, there are still many problems in the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion that need to be verified by experimental methods. At the same time, during the temperature inversion process based on calibration field data, many factors are involved, and it is difficult to carry out the impact analysis of a single factor, which is also not conducive to the improvement of inversion accuracy and algorithm improvement.

[0012] (3) Conducting the above research directly in the calibration field faces many uncertainties; it is difficult to directly apply thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments to the experimental platform. If an experimental setup using a collimator is employed, it is difficult to conduct pixel-level temperature inversion verification due to the influence of the magnification factor, and experimental errors are introduced. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system and its control method.

[0014] The present invention is implemented as follows. A control method for thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test, the control method for thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, on the premise of keeping the field of view angle of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument unchanged, an equivalent model in the laboratory is constructed by using an equal-proportion scaling method, including designing and determining the parameters of the equivalent optical system, selecting a thermal infrared detector, and designing a pixel-level stripe target.

[0016] Step 2, design and manufacture a stripe target. A stripe target is made of a thin sheet material with a high emissivity. The interval width of the stripe target is proportional to the pixel size of the detector, reflecting the detailed features of the ground object target; a stripe substrate is made of a low-emissivity material, and the stripe thin sheet is pasted on the stripe substrate, facing the optical system. Due to the difference in emissivity between the stripe and the stripe substrate, the contrast required for thermal imaging is formed.

[0017] Step 3, use at least two different high-emissivity materials to make the stripe thin sheets, and conduct temperature inversion of the ground object target based on the inversion algorithm; at the same time, design stripes with multiple specifications of line widths, corresponding to a single pixel or multiple pixels of the detector respectively, to facilitate the experimental comparison of single-pixel and multi-pixel fusion.

[0018] Step 4, paste the stripe target substrate on the mounting surface of the glass water tank, and control the temperature of the stripe target through the water tank; at the same time, the water tank is installed on a high-precision one-dimensional turntable to achieve an angular adjustment of ±90° in the azimuth direction, facilitating the setting of the observation angle.

[0019] Step 5, use a non-cooled thermal infrared detector to collect thermal infrared images, and regulate the spectral response of the system by setting an infrared filter in the thermal radiation transmission path.

[0020] Further, in the above Step 1, according to the optical parameters of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument, the design of the equivalent optical system in the laboratory is completed by using an equal-proportion scaling method, and the requirements for the field of view, focal length, pixel size, scale, and response spectral band are given; among them, the optical parameters include the orbital altitude, effective field of view, and pixel resolution, and the equal-proportion scaling method is designed according to the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, fov is the effective field of view of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument, with the unit of °; W is the effective swath width, with the unit of km; H is the orbital altitude, with the unit of km; L is the substrate width of the stripe target, with the unit of mm; D is the working distance of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm; a is the pixel size of the thermal infrared detector, with the unit of mm; N is the number of pixels on one side of the detector; f is the focal length of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm.

[0023] Select an uncooled thermal infrared detector according to the requirements of the optical system field of view and pixel resolution, and complete the coupling of the equivalent optical system and the uncooled detector.

[0024] Furthermore, in the second and third steps, according to the requirements of the optical system field of view and working distance, calculate the substrate size and basic line width of the stripe target; use at least two high-emissivity materials to make the stripe thin sheets, and design stripe groups with multiple line widths, including the basic line width, 2 times the line width, 3 times the line width, 4 times the line width, and 5 times the line width; the emissivity of the stripe thin sheets needs to be calibrated in advance and participate in the inversion as a known quantity; the back of the stripe substrate is covered with adhesive for pasting on the installation surface of the glass water tank, and the water tank needs to be equipped with temperature measurement and control components to realize the temperature adjustment and stabilization of the target.

[0025] Use at least two high-emissivity thin sheet materials to make the stripe target. The stripe target adopts a hollow design, where the blank part and the line part have the same width, and the basic line width corresponds to the pixel resolution of the equivalent system; design stripes with multiple line widths, corresponding to a single pixel or multiple pixels of the detector respectively.

[0026] Among them, the basic line width corresponding to a single pixel is calculated by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, d is the basic line width of the stripe plate, with the unit of mm; a is the pixel size of the thermal infrared detector, with the unit of mm; D is the working distance of the equivalent optical system, and f is the effective focal length of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm.

[0029] Furthermore, in the fourth step, select a glass water tank with a suitable size. The water tank includes a complete plane for pasting the stripe target substrate, and the water in the water tank covers the substrate; the real-time temperature measurement and control of the water tank can be realized by using a thermometer and an electric heating rod assembly, and it has the temperature adjustment ability of 10 - 70 °C.

[0030] In step 5, an infrared filter is selected according to the system response spectrum band. The filter is arranged in front of the entrance pupil of the optical system or the thermal infrared detector, covering the entire optical aperture. At the same time, it includes an auxiliary component of a filter holder and a replacement mechanism, and the spectral response of the system is regulated by replacing the filter.

[0031] The parameters of the uncooled detector are matched with the equivalent optical system, and are used to reflect the resolution and swath of the space remote sensing instrument through the pixel size and the area array scale.

[0032] Furthermore, the control method for the thermal infrared land surface temperature retrieval test further includes:

[0033] The land surface temperature retrieval experiment based on the experimental platform is carried out according to the following method. When the ground object target and the transmission path have the Lambertian property for thermal radiation, the thermal radiation transfer equation under laboratory conditions is simplified as:

[0034] (ε1B(T o )+(1-ε1)L En )τ=L1;

[0035] Among them, T0 is the temperature of the stripe target, which is the quantity to be retrieved; B() is the Planck function; ε1 is the emissivity of the stripe target, which is involved in the retrieval as a known quantity; L En is the thermal radiation caused by the surrounding environment; τ is the efficiency of the thermal radiation transmission path of the experimental platform, including the transmittance η a of the transmission path, the transmittance η f of the filter, the transmittance η o of the optical system, and the response efficiency η dec of the thermal infrared detector. Among them, the transmittances of the filter and the optical system and the response efficiency of the detector need to be calibrated in advance by a spectrometer and are involved in the retrieval as known quantities. The transmittance of the transmission path in the laboratory is about 1, and the theoretical value can be obtained by using the simulation method if it is set under special path conditions; L1 is the entrance pupil radiance of the optical system, and the quantitative relationship between the entrance pupil radiance of the system and the effective count of the detector is established by carrying out the radiation calibration based on the area source blackbody.

[0036] For stripe targets with the same temperature but different emissivities, the thermal radiation transfer equation is written similarly:

[0037] (ε2B(T o )+(1-ε2)L En )τ=L2;

[0038] Among them, L0 is the temperature of the stripe target; ε2 is the emissivity of the stripe target material 2, which also needs to be calibrated in advance and is involved in the retrieval as a known quantity; L Enis the thermal radiation caused by the surrounding environment; τ is the efficiency of the thermal radiation transmission path; L2 is the pupil radiance caused by the stripe target material 2.

[0039] After obtaining the theoretical expression of the quantity T0 to be inverted as follows, the relationship between the pupil radiance of the optical system and the temperature of the quantity to be inverted is established:

[0040]

[0041] where B -1 () is the inverse operation of the Planck function, L1 and L2 are the pupil radiances. By carrying out radiometric calibration based on the area source blackbody, the connection between the pupil radiance of the optical system and the effective count of the detector is established; ε1, ε2 and τ are calibrated in advance and participate in the inversion as known quantities.

[0042] Furthermore, the control method for the thermal infrared land surface temperature remote sensing inversion test further includes:

[0043] The following method is used to establish the connection between the pupil radiance of the optical system and the effective count value of the detector. The area source blackbody covering the full aperture of the optical system is placed facing the optical system. The area source blackbody has a high emissivity and a temperature control function, and the emissivity has been calibrated; the working temperatures of the area source blackbody are set to 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C in sequence, and each temperature point is stable for about 2 hours. The effective count values of each pixel of the thermal infrared detector array are recorded under each temperature point condition; through the polynomial fitting method, the discrete data points are fitted into an expression; the polynomial expression is as follows:

[0044] ε B B(T B ) = b1C 2 + b2C + b3;

[0045] where T B is the working temperature of the blackbody; ε B is the emissivity of the blackbody; C is the effective count of a single pixel of the uncooled thermal infrared detector; b1, b2, and b3 are the polynomial fitting coefficients.

[0046] The efficiency τ of the thermal radiation transmission path is determined by the following method, including the transmittance η a (λ) of the transmission path, the transmittance η f (λ) of the infrared filter, the transmittance η o (λ) of the optical system, and the response efficiency η dec (λ) of the thermal infrared detector. The efficiency τ of the thermal radiation transmission path is expressed as follows:

[0047] τ(λ) = η a (λ)·ηf (λ)·η o (λ)·η dec (λ);

[0048] wherein, the transmittance η of the transmission path a (λ) takes into account the influence of water vapor and CO2 in the thermal infrared spectral band and is obtained through theoretical calculation or simulation; the transmittance η of the infrared filter f (λ) and the transmittance η of the optical system o (λ is calibrated by a spectrometer; the response efficiency η of the detector dec (λ) is calibrated by a standard detector and a spectrometer.

[0049] Another object of the present invention is to provide a thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system, which includes a temperature-controlled glass water tank, a low emissivity substrate, a stripe target, a glass water tank temperature measurement and control component, a turntable, an infrared filter, an equivalent optical system of an infrared space remote sensing camera, a non-cooled thermal infrared detector, and an adjustable bracket.

[0050] Wherein, the glass water tank is equipped with a temperature measurement and heating component, is integrally installed on a one-dimensional turntable, realizes an angular adjustment of ±90° in the azimuth direction by setting the observation angle, and realizes temperature control by using the stripe target;

[0051] The stripe target is designed and manufactured using a high emissivity thin sheet material, and a stripe substrate is designed and manufactured using a low emissivity material. The stripe target is pasted on the outside of the glass water tank and faces the optical system;

[0052] The infrared filter is arranged in the thermal radiation transmission path and is used to regulate the spectral response of the system;

[0053] The non-cooled thermal infrared detector is used to obtain thermal infrared images.

[0054] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. When the computer program stored in the memory is executed by the processor, the processor executes the following steps:

[0055] The stripe target is temperature-controlled through the glass water tank. The thermal radiation emitted from the stripe target is focused and imaged on the infrared detector through the equivalent optical system. If the infrared detector is radiometrically calibrated by a plane source blackbody, the temperature information of the corresponding target scale can be inversely deduced from the effective readings at the pixel level of the infrared detector.

[0056] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium, storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the following steps:

[0057] The striped target is temperature-controlled through a glass water tank. The thermal radiation emitted from the striped target is focused and imaged on the infrared detector through an equivalent optical system. If the infrared detector is calibrated by the radiation of a surface source blackbody, the temperature information corresponding to the target scale can be inversely deduced from the effective readings at the pixel level of the infrared detector.

[0058] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system described above.

[0059] Combined with the above technical solutions and the solved technical problems, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are analyzed from the following aspects:

[0060] First, aiming at the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and the difficulty of solving this problem, closely combining the technical solution to be protected by the present invention and the results and data in the R & D process, etc., analyze in detail and deeply how the technical solution of the present invention solves the technical problems and the creative technical effects brought after solving the problems. The specific description is as follows:

[0061] The present invention proposes a thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system that can be carried out in a laboratory without being restricted by meteorological conditions and human factors, and its design method. Based on the thermal radiation transmission process, an experimental platform is established by means of equal-proportion scaling and equivalent substitution, and has the ability to control key elements such as space, angle, and spectral band in the temperature inversion process, and can carry out pixel-level temperature inversion experimental research.

[0062] The present invention proposes a thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system based on laboratory conditions. An experimental platform is established by means of equal-proportion scaling and equivalent substitution, and has the ability to control key elements such as geometric scale, observation angle, and response spectral band in the thermal infrared temperature inversion process, and can carry out pixel-level temperature inversion experimental research on ground object targets. The experimental platform and its design method proposed by the present invention serve the research on the mechanism of thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion, the quantitative research of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, etc.

[0063] The present invention also has the following beneficial effects:

[0064] (1) Compared with the prior art methods, the progress of this method is mainly reflected in that there is currently a lack of an experimental platform for remotely sensing the inversion of land surface temperature that can be carried out under laboratory conditions and can artificially control the key process factors based on the parameters of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments. The present invention proposes such an experimental platform and gives the relevant design methods, and realizes the equivalent substitution of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments in the laboratory by means of equal-proportion scaling. The experimental platform can be designed artificially to control the key factors in the remote sensing inversion of land surface temperature, such as geometric features, observation angles, and response spectral bands. Compared with the field measurement and comparative research based on calibration fields, this experimental platform can carry out more targeted research on the inversion mechanism and has better experimental accuracy. With the help of the experimental platform, multiple key issues in the remote sensing inversion of thermal infrared land surface temperature can be studied, including the effects of heterogeneous pixels, adjacent pixel effects, scale effects, observation angles, and response spectral bands. The experimental platform is of great significance for improving the mechanism of thermal infrared remote sensing temperature measurement and carrying out quantitative research on thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments.

[0065] (2) Compared with the experimental research based on calibration fields or calibration sites, the research on remotely sensing the inversion of thermal infrared land surface temperature carried out based on the experimental platform is not affected by time, site, geometric conditions, spectral response, human factors, meteorological conditions, etc., meets the regulation of space, angle, and spectrum, and can effectively avoid the experimental errors introduced by human factors and other measured quantities.

[0066] (3) Compared with the radiation calibration before the launch of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, the experimental platform not only establishes the relationship between the radiance at the entrance pupil of the optical system and the effective read value of the detector, but also constructs a more complete experimental link of thermal radiation transmission according to the ground object remote sensing model, covering the regulation of ground object targets, radiation transmission paths, system responses, and observation geometries.

[0067] (4) Compared with the cross-calibration carried out based on the same type of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, the experimental platform provides the inversion of absolute physical quantities with traceability ability, rather than the relative calibration between instruments.

[0068] Second, regarding the technical solution as a whole or from the perspective of the product, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are specifically described as follows:

[0069] The present invention proposes a test system for remotely sensing the inversion of thermal infrared land surface temperature based on laboratory conditions and its design method. The hardware facilities and related technical methods formed by the present invention contribute to constructing a set of experimental facilities that can be carried out in the laboratory and can artificially control the key elements of temperature inversion, and are of great significance for carrying out research on the mechanism of remotely sensing the inversion of thermal infrared land surface temperature, calibration of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, and quantitative research, etc.

[0070] Thirdly, as the creative supplementary evidence for the claims of the present invention, it is also reflected in the following important aspects:

[0071] (1) The technical solution of the present invention fills the technical gaps at home and abroad in the industry: At present, such an experimental platform and design method have not been proposed in the professional field. There are still many problems in the remote sensing inversion of surface temperature based on thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, and it is necessary to rely on experimental methods to verify the principles and technologies. Based on the research platform in the laboratory, the influence analysis of single factors in the process of thermal radiation transfer can be carried out, which helps to carry out the influence research on issues such as heterogeneous pixel effect, adjacent pixel effect, spatial scale transformation, observation angle, response channel and atmospheric conditions, and is conducive to improving the remote sensing inversion algorithm and enhancing the inversion accuracy.

[0072] (2) The technical solution of the present invention solves the technical problems that people have always been eager to solve but have never succeeded in:

[0073] The remote sensing temperature measurement process based on thermal radiation transfer is complex, with many intermediate links and many quantities to be measured. At present, the calibration of thermal infrared surface temperature products mainly relies on a limited number of ground calibration fields and cross-calibration of the same type of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments. However, due to the limitations in aspects such as orbital parameters, spatial scale, observation angle, and response spectral band, it is difficult to achieve real-time and accurate absolute calibration.

[0074] Thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments are difficult to be directly applied to the experimental platform in the laboratory because such instruments usually design the incident light as parallel light from infinity and it is difficult to image the ground objects at a limited distance indoors. If an experiment is carried out using a collimator, on the one hand, it is difficult to carry out pixel-level temperature inversion verification due to the restriction of the magnification factor, and on the other hand, experimental errors are easily introduced.

[0075] The present invention proposes an experimental platform for remote sensing inversion of surface temperature that can be carried out under laboratory conditions and a design method that can artificially control the key process factors. It can be realized through artificial design to control the key factors in the remote sensing inversion of surface temperature, such as geometric features, observation angle, and response spectral band. Compared with the field measurement and comparative research based on the calibration field, this experimental platform can carry out more targeted single-variable research and research on inversion algorithms, mechanisms, and models. With the help of the experimental platform, multiple key issues in the remote sensing inversion of thermal infrared surface temperature can be studied, including the influence of heterogeneous pixels, adjacent pixel effect, scale effect, observation angle, and response spectral band. The experimental platform is of great significance for improving the mechanism of thermal infrared remote sensing temperature measurement and carrying out quantitative research on thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments. Description of the Drawings

[0076] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the following described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0077] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the control method for the remote sensing inversion test of thermal infrared surface temperature provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 2 is the schematic structural diagram of the remote sensing inversion test system for thermal infrared surface temperature provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] In the figure: 1. Glass water tank; 2. Water; 3. Low emissivity substrate; 4. High emissivity stripe thin sheet; 5. Temperature measurement and control component of the glass water tank; 6. High-precision turntable; 7. Infrared filter; 8. Equivalent optical system of the infrared space remote sensing camera; 9. Uncooled thermal infrared detector; 10. Adjustable bracket. Detailed implementation manners

[0080] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the following further elaborates on the present invention in combination with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0081] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a remote sensing inversion test system for thermal infrared surface temperature and its control method. The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0082] This part is an explanatory embodiment that expands and explains the technical solutions of the claims in order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand how the present invention is specifically implemented.

[0083] As Figure 1 shown, the control method for the remote sensing inversion test system of thermal infrared surface temperature provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0084] S101, on the premise of keeping the field of view angle of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument unchanged, an equivalent model in the laboratory is constructed by using the equal-proportion scaling method, including designing and determining the parameters of the equivalent optical system, selecting the thermal infrared detector, and designing the pixel-level stripe target;

[0085] S102. Design and fabricate a striped target. Use a thin-film material with a high emissivity to fabricate the striped target. The interval width of the striped target is proportional to the pixel size of the detector, reflecting the detailed features of the ground object target. Use a low-emissivity material to fabricate the striped substrate, and paste the striped thin film on the striped substrate. Facing the optical system, the stripes and the striped substrate form the contrast required for thermal imaging due to the difference in emissivity.

[0086] S103. Use at least two different high-emissivity materials to fabricate the striped thin film, and conduct temperature inversion of the ground object target based on the inversion algorithm. At the same time, design stripes with multiple specifications of line widths, corresponding to a single pixel or multiple pixels of the detector respectively, facilitating the experimental comparison of single-pixel and multi-pixel fusion.

[0087] S104. Paste the striped target substrate on the mounting surface of the glass water tank, and control the temperature of the striped target through the water tank. At the same time, the water tank is installed on a high-precision one-dimensional turntable to achieve an angular adjustment of ±90° in the azimuth direction, facilitating the setting of the observation angle.

[0088] S105. Use a non-cooled thermal infrared detector to collect thermal infrared images, and regulate the spectral response of the system by setting an infrared filter in the thermal radiation transmission path.

[0089] Embodiment 1

[0090] The present invention proposes a thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system that can be carried out in a laboratory without being restricted by meteorological conditions and human factors, and its design method. Based on the thermal radiation transmission process, the present invention establishes an experimental platform through the methods of proportional scaling and equivalent substitution, and has the ability to regulate key elements such as space, angle, and spectral band in the temperature inversion process, and can carry out pixel-level temperature inversion experimental research. At the same time, the experimental facilities and design methods proposed by the present invention serve the research on the mechanism of thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion, the quantitative research of thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, etc.

[0091] The thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system proposed by the present invention mainly consists of a temperature-controlled glass water tank, a striped target, a turntable, an infrared filter, an equivalent optical system, and a detector. The basic composition and spatial arrangement of the experimental platform are as Figure 2 shown. The temperature of the striped target is controlled through the glass water tank. The thermal radiation emitted from the target passes through the equivalent optical system and is imaged on the detector. If the detector is calibrated by the radiation of a plane source blackbody, the temperature information corresponding to the target scale can be deduced from the effective readings at the pixel level of the detector.

[0092] Thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments usually design the incident light as parallel light from infinity, making it difficult to be directly applied to the experimental research on target imaging and temperature inversion at a limited working distance indoors. An equivalent optical system is designed by the method of geometric scaling. That is, on the premise of ensuring the same field of view angle, the selection of thermal infrared detectors, the design of the parameters of the equivalent optical system, and the design of the pixel-level stripe target are completed. Specifically, it can be based on the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, fov is the effective field of view of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument, with the unit of °; W is the effective width, with the unit of km; H is the orbital altitude, with the unit of km; L is the substrate width of the stripe target, with the unit of mm; D is the working distance of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm; a is the pixel size of the thermal infrared detector, with the unit of mm; N is the number of pixels on the long side of the detector; f is the focal length of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm.

[0095] The equivalent optical system does not distinguish between the common push-broom mechanism or the swing-scan mechanism in thermal infrared space remote sensing instruments, and is a laboratory equivalent for the frame and pixel resolution.

[0096] A stripe target is designed and fabricated using a thin sheet material with a high emissivity. The stripe target adopts a hollow design, where the blank part and the line part have the same width, and the basic line width corresponds to the pixel resolution of the equivalent system. In order to reduce the temperature measurement error caused by light crosstalk, stripes with multiple line widths need to be designed, corresponding to a single pixel or multiple pixels of the detector respectively. In order to facilitate the temperature inversion of ground object targets based on known parameters, stripes of at least two emissivity materials need to be set and fabricated. The emissivity of the stripe thin sheet needs to be calibrated in advance and participate in the inversion as a known quantity.

[0097] The stripe thin sheet is pasted on a stripe substrate with a low emissivity and is facing the optical system. The substrate size should be able to cover the effective field of view of the optical system. The back of the substrate is covered with adhesive and can be pasted on the outside of the glass water tank to achieve temperature regulation and stabilization using the water tank.

[0098] The basic line width corresponding to a single pixel can be calculated by the following formula.

[0099]

[0100] Among them, d is the basic line width of the stripe plate, with the unit of mm; a is the pixel size of the thermal infrared detector, with the unit of mm; D is the working distance of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm; f is the effective focal length of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm.

[0101] To facilitate the realization of temperature control for the stripe target, the stripe target needs to be pasted on the outer side of the glass water tank, facing the optical system. The size of the glass water tank should be larger than the substrate width of the stripe board. The glass water tank should be equipped with temperature measurement and heating components, and have good temperature uniformity and stability inside the tank. The temperature of the stripe target can be changed by adjusting the water temperature. The thermal radiation emitted from the stripe target is focused and imaged on the infrared detector through the equivalent optical system, and finally the target temperature can be deduced from the effective reading value of the detector.

[0102] To facilitate the realization of the regulation of the response spectral band of the equivalent optical system, an infrared filter needs to be set in the thermal radiation transmission path. The filter can be set in front of the system entrance pupil or the detector. The filter should be able to cover the optical aperture and have auxiliary components such as a filter holder and a replacement mechanism.

[0103] The experimental platform uses a non-cooled thermal infrared detector. This type of detector has characteristics such as high spatial resolution, small pixel size, low noise, and room-temperature operation, which are suitable for conducting experimental research in the laboratory and can effectively avoid the disadvantages of spaceborne HgCdTe thermal infrared detectors in terms of cost, operating temperature, volume, and portability. The parameters of the non-cooled detector need to match the equivalent optical system, and the resolution and swath of the space remote sensing instrument can be reflected by the pixel size and the area array scale.

[0104] The design of the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system in the laboratory is completed through the above methods.

[0105] The experimental research on surface temperature inversion based on the experimental platform can be carried out according to the following method. Assuming that the ground object target and the transmission path have the Lambertian property for thermal radiation, the thermal radiation transmission equation under laboratory conditions can be simplified as the following formula.

[0106] (ε1B(T o )+(1-ε1)L En )τ=L1

[0107] Among them, T0 is the temperature of the stripe target, which is the quantity to be inverted; B() is the Planck function; ε1 is the emissivity of the stripe target, which is a known quantity participating in the inversion; L En is the thermal radiation caused by the surrounding environment; τ is the efficiency of the thermal radiation transmission path of the experimental platform, mainly including the transmittance η a of the transmission path, the transmittance η f of the filter, the transmittance η o of the optical system, and the response efficiency η dec of the thermal infrared detector, etc. The above transmittances need to be calibrated in advance and participate in the inversion as known quantities; L1 is the irradiance at the entrance pupil of the optical system, and the quantitative relationship between the irradiance at the entrance pupil of the system and the effective count of the detector can be established by carrying out radiation calibration based on the area source blackbody.

[0108] For a striped target with the same temperature but different emissivities, the thermal radiation transfer equation can be written similarly.

[0109] (ε2B(T o )+(1 - ε2)L En )τ = L2

[0110] Among them, T0 is the temperature of the striped target; ε2 is the emissivity of the material 2 of the striped target, which also needs to be calibrated in advance and participate in the inversion as a known quantity; L En is the thermal radiation caused by the surrounding environment; τ is the efficiency of the thermal radiation transfer path; L2 is the pupil radiance caused by the material 2 of the striped target.

[0111] Combining the above two equations, the theoretical expression of the quantity T0 to be inverted can be further obtained, thus establishing the relationship between the pupil radiance of the optical system and the temperature of the quantity to be inverted.

[0112]

[0113] Among them, B -1 () is the inverse operation of the Planck function, L1 and L2 are the pupil radiances, and the connection between the pupil radiance of the optical system and the effective count of the detector can be established by carrying out the radiation calibration based on the area source blackbody. The effective count of the detector can be obtained in time during the inversion process; ε1, ε2, and τ need to be calibrated in advance and participate in the inversion as known quantities.

[0114] As a supplement, the following method can be used to complete the radiation calibration of the optical system and establish the connection between the pupil radiance of the system and the effective count of the detector. Place an area source blackbody covering the full aperture of the optical system directly in front of the optical system. The area source blackbody has a high emissivity and temperature control function, and its emissivity has been calibrated. Set the working temperatures of the area source blackbody to 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C in turn, and stabilize for a period of time, and record the effective count values of each pixel of the thermal infrared detector array under each temperature condition. By means of linear fitting or polynomial fitting, the discrete data points are fitted into an expression. The polynomial expression is as follows.

[0115] ε B B(T B ) = b1C 2 +b2C + b3

[0116] Among them, T B is the working temperature of the blackbody; ε B is the emissivity of the blackbody; C is the effective count of a single pixel of the uncooled thermal infrared detector; b1, b2, and b3 are the polynomial fitting coefficients.

[0117] As a supplement, the efficiency τ of the thermal radiation transmission path can be determined by the following method, mainly including the transmittance η a (λ) of the transmission path, the transmittance η f (λ) of the infrared filter, the transmittance η o (λ) of the optical system, and the response efficiency η dec (λ) of the thermal infrared detector, etc. The efficiency τ of the thermal radiation transmission path can be expressed as follows.

[0118] τ(λ) = η a (λ) · η f (λ) · η o (λ) · η dec (λ)

[0119] Among them, the transmittance η a (λ) of the transmission path mainly considers the influence of water vapor and CO2 in the thermal infrared spectral band and can be obtained through theoretical calculation or simulation; the transmittance η f (λ) of the infrared filter and the transmittance η o (λ) of the optical system can be calibrated by a spectrometer; the response efficiency η dec (λ) of the detector can be calibrated by a standard detector and a spectrometer.

[0120] The present invention completes the design of the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system by the following steps:

[0121] S1. According to the optical parameters of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument, such as orbital altitude, effective field of view, pixel resolution, etc., the method of equal-proportion scaling is adopted to complete the calculation of the equivalent optical system parameters in the laboratory, and the requirements for the field of view, focal length, pixel size and scale, response spectral band, etc. are given;

[0122] S2. Select a suitable uncooled thermal infrared detector according to the requirements of the optical system field of view and pixel resolution, and complete the coupling of the equivalent optical system and the uncooled detector;

[0123] S3. According to the requirements of the optical system field of view and working distance, calculate the substrate size and basic line width of the stripe target, etc. The stripe substrate is made of a low-emissivity material and is coated with an adhesive on the back, which can be pasted on the outside of the glass water tank; at least two high-emissivity materials are used to make the stripe thin sheets, and stripe groups with various line widths are designed, including the basic line width, 2 times the line width, 3 times the line width, 4 times the line width, and 5 times the line width, etc.; complete the emissivity measurement of the stripe thin sheets; paste the stripe thin sheets on the stripe substrate and face the optical system.

[0124] S4. Select a glass water tank with a suitable size. The water tank should have a complete flat surface for pasting the stripe target substrate, and the water in the tank should be able to cover the substrate. Components such as a thermometer and an electric heating rod can be selected to achieve real-time temperature measurement and control of the water tank, and it should have the temperature adjustment ability of 10°C to 70°C.

[0125] S5. Install the entire water tank on a high-precision one-dimensional turntable, which can achieve an angular adjustment of ±90° in the azimuth direction and set the observation angle.

[0126] S6. Select a suitable infrared filter according to the system response spectral band. The filter holder is installed at the entrance pupil of the optical system, covering the entire optical aperture, and at the same time, the spectral response of the system can be regulated by replacing the filter.

[0127] It should be noted that the implementation mode of the present invention can be realized through hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware part can be realized by using special logic; the software part can be stored in a memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or special designed hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that the above devices and methods can be realized using computer-executable instructions and / or included in the processor control code, for example, such code is provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD, or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The devices and modules of the present invention can be realized by the hardware circuits of programmable hardware devices such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips and transistors, or programmable logic devices such as field programmable gate arrays, and can also be realized by software executed by various types of processors, or can be realized by a combination of the above hardware circuits and software such as firmware.

[0128] III. Evidence of the related effects of the embodiments. Some positive effects have been achieved during the research and development or use of the embodiments of the present invention, and it indeed has great advantages compared with the prior art. The following content is described in combination with the data, charts, etc. of the test process.

[0129] Assume that the orbital altitude of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument is 750 km, the effective swath is 98 km, and the working spectral band is 8 - 14 μm. The equivalent optical system in the laboratory is designed by using the method of geometric scaling proposed by the present invention, and the detailed technical index parameters are shown in Table 1. The effective spectral band is 8 - 14 μm, and the effective focal length is 50 mm. A vanadium oxide uncooled detector is used for thermal imaging and temperature inversion. The effective pixel size is 17 μm, the number of effective pixels in the area array is 384×288, and the noise equivalent temperature difference is better than 60 mK@25°C.

[0130] Under laboratory conditions, the optical system is 2000 mm away from the fringe target, and the effective size of the fringe substrate can be further calculated to be 261.8 mm × 195.5 mm. A polished aluminum plate is selected as the fringe substrate. After calculation, the basic line width of the fringe plate is 0.68 mm. At the same time, to reduce the test error caused by optical crosstalk and meet the needs of pixel fusion, fringes with line widths of 1.36 mm, 2.04 mm, 2.72 mm, and 3.4 mm are designed and fabricated, and the fringe length is 15 mm. Fringe sheet 1 is made of an anodized blackened aluminum plate with an emissivity of 0.93 and a sheet thickness of 0.05 mm. Fringe sheet 2 is painted with black paint with an emissivity of 0.88 and a sheet thickness of 0.05 mm. The fringe sheets are pasted at the center position of the fringe substrate.

[0131] Table 1 Technical Parameters of the Equivalent Optical System and Detector

[0132] Serial Number Item Unit Technical Parameter 1 Response Band μm 8～14 2 Effective Focal Length mm 50 3 Area Array Size — 384×288 4 Pixel Size μm 17 5 Pixel Resolution mrad 0.34 6 Effective Field of View ° 7.5×5.6 7 Working Distance mm 2000 8 Detector Size mm 261.8×195.5 9 Base Fringe Width mm 0.68

[0133] The size of the glass water tank is 500 mm × 500 mm × 500 mm, and the temperature measurement and control of the water tank are realized through components such as a thermometer and an electric heating rod. The fringe substrate is pasted on the outside of the glass water tank, facing the optical system. The water tank temperatures are set to 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C respectively and kept stable, and the thermal infrared images of the fringe target are collected through a thermal infrared detector.

[0134] An infrared filter for spectral band screening is set at the entrance pupil of the optical system, and the effective size of the filter covers the entire optical aperture, and the filter is installed through a bracket. Infrared filters with various spectral responses are designed and fabricated, and the spectral response of the system can be adjusted by replacing the filter.

[0135] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, as long as they are made within the spirit and principle of the present invention, shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for remotely sensing and retrieving the surface temperature by thermal infrared, characterized in that, The control method for the remote sensing inversion test of thermal infrared surface temperature includes the following steps: Step 1, on the premise of keeping the field of view angle of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument unchanged, an equivalent model in the laboratory is constructed by using the equal-proportion scaling method, including designing and determining the parameters of the equivalent optical system, selecting the type of thermal infrared detector, and designing the pixel-level stripe target; Step 2, design and manufacture the stripe target. The stripe target is made of a thin sheet material with a high emissivity. The interval width of the stripe target is proportional to the pixel size of the detector, reflecting the detailed features of the ground object target; a stripe substrate is made of a low-emissivity material, and the stripe thin sheet is pasted on the stripe substrate, facing the optical system. Due to the difference in emissivity between the stripe and the stripe substrate, the contrast required for thermal imaging is formed; Step 3, use at least two different high-emissivity materials to make the stripe thin sheets, and carry out the temperature inversion of the ground object target based on the inversion algorithm; at the same time, design stripes with various line widths, corresponding to a single pixel or multiple pixels of the detector respectively, which is convenient for carrying out the experimental comparison of single-pixel and multi-pixel fusion; Step 4, paste the stripe target substrate on the installation surface of the glass water tank, and control the temperature of the stripe target through the water tank; at the same time, the water tank is installed on a high-precision one-dimensional turntable to realize the angular adjustment of ±90° in the azimuth direction, which is convenient for setting the observation angle; Step 5, use a non-cooled thermal infrared detector to complete the acquisition of thermal infrared images, and regulate the spectral response of the system by setting an infrared filter in the thermal radiation transmission path.

2. The control method for the thermal infrared remote sensing inversion test of surface temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the above Step 1, according to the optical parameters of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument, the parameters of the equivalent optical system in the laboratory are calculated by using the equal-proportion scaling method, and the requirements for the field of view, focal length, pixel size and scale, and response spectral band are given; among them, the optical parameters include the orbital altitude, effective field of view, and pixel resolution, and the equal-proportion scaling method is designed according to the following formula: where fov is the effective field of view of the thermal infrared space remote sensing instrument, in °; W is the effective width, in km; H is the orbital altitude, in km; L is the substrate width of the stripe target, in mm; D is the working distance of the equivalent optical system, in mm; a is the pixel size of the thermal infrared detector, in mm; N is the number of pixels on the long side of the detector; f is the focal length of the equivalent optical system, in mm; Select a non-cooled thermal infrared detector according to the requirements of the optical system field of view and pixel resolution, and complete the coupling of the equivalent optical system and the non-cooled detector.

3. The control method for remotely sensing and retrieving the surface temperature by thermal infrared as described in claim 1, wherein In the above Steps 2 and 3, according to the requirements of the optical system field of view and working distance, calculate the substrate size and basic line width of the stripe target; use at least two high-emissivity materials to make the stripe thin sheets, and design a stripe group with various line widths, including the basic line width, 2 times the line width, 3 times the line width, 4 times the line width, and 5 times the line width; the emissivity of the stripe thin sheet is calibrated in advance and participates in the inversion as a known quantity; the back of the stripe substrate is covered with adhesive for pasting on the outside of the glass water tank, and the water tank is used to realize temperature regulation and stabilization; A stripe target is made of at least two high-emissivity thin sheet materials. The stripe target adopts a hollow design, where the blank part and the line part have the same width, and the basic line width corresponds to the pixel resolution of the equivalent system; stripes with multiple line widths are designed, corresponding to a single pixel or multiple pixels of the detector respectively; Among them, the basic line width corresponding to a single pixel is calculated by the following formula: Among them, d is the basic line width of the stripe plate; a is the pixel size of the thermal infrared detector, D is the working distance of the equivalent optical system, and f is the effective focal length of the equivalent optical system, with the unit of mm.

4. The control method for the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the fourth step, a glass water tank with a suitable size is selected. The water tank includes a complete plane for pasting the stripe target substrate, and the water in the water tank covers the substrate; a thermometer and an electric heating rod assembly are used to realize real-time temperature measurement and control of the water tank, and it has the temperature adjustment ability of 10 - 70 °C; In the fifth step, an infrared filter is selected according to the system response spectral band. The filter is arranged in front of the entrance pupil of the optical system or the thermal infrared detector, covering the entire optical aperture; at the same time, it includes an auxiliary component of a filter holder and a replacement mechanism, and the spectral response of the system is regulated by replacing the filter; The parameters of the uncooled detector are matched with the equivalent optical system, and are used to reflect the resolution and swath of the space remote sensing instrument through the pixel size and the area array scale.

5. The control method for the thermal infrared remote sensing inversion test of surface temperature according to claim 1, wherein The control method for the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test further includes: Carry out the surface temperature inversion experiment based on the experimental platform according to the following method. When the ground object target and the transmission path have the Lambertian property for thermal radiation, the thermal radiation transfer equation under laboratory conditions is simplified as: (ε1B(T o )+(1 - ε1)L En )τ=L1; Among them, T0 is the temperature of the stripe target, which is the quantity to be retrieved; B() is the Planck function; ε1 is the emissivity of the stripe target and participates in the retrieval as a known quantity; L En is the thermal radiation caused by the surrounding environment; τ is the efficiency of the thermal radiation transmission path of the experimental platform, including the transmittance η a of the transmission path, the transmittance η f of the filter, the transmittance η o of the optical system, and the response efficiency η dec of the thermal infrared detector. The transmittance is calibrated in advance and participates in the retrieval as a known quantity; L1 is the irradiance at the entrance pupil of the optical system, and the quantitative relationship between the irradiance at the entrance pupil of the system and the effective count of the detector is established by carrying out radiation calibration based on a plane source blackbody; Similarly write the thermal radiation transfer equation for stripe targets with the same temperature but different emissivities: (ε2B(T o )+(1 - ε2)L En )τ=L2; Among them, T0 is the temperature of the fringe target; ε2 is the emissivity of the fringe target material 2, which also needs to be calibrated in advance and participates in the inversion as a known quantity; L En is the thermal radiation caused by the surrounding environment; τ is the efficiency of the thermal radiation transmission path; L2 is the irradiance luminance of the entrance pupil caused by the fringe target material 2; After obtaining the theoretical expression of the following quantity to be inverted T0, establish the relationship between the irradiance at the entrance pupil of the optical system and the temperature of the quantity to be inverted: Among them, B -1 () is the inverse operation of the Planck function. L1 and L2 are the entrance pupil radiance. By carrying out radiometric calibration based on the area source blackbody, the relationship between the entrance pupil radiance of the optical system and the effective count of the detector is established; ε1, ε2, and τ are calibrated in advance and participate in the inversion as known quantities.

6. The control method for remotely sensing and retrieving the surface temperature by thermal infrared as claimed in claim 1, wherein The control method for the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test further includes: A surface source blackbody covering the full aperture of the optical system is placed facing the optical system. The surface source blackbody has a high emissivity and a temperature adjustment function, and its emissivity has been calibrated; the working temperatures of the surface source blackbody are set to 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C in sequence, and after stabilizing for a period of time, record the effective count values of each pixel of the thermal infrared detector area array under each temperature condition; by using the linear fitting or polynomial fitting method, fit the discrete data points into an expression; the polynomial expression is as follows: ε B B(T B ) = b1C 2 + b2C + b3; where, T B is the operating temperature of the blackbody; ε B is the emissivity of the blackbody; C is the effective count of a single pixel of the uncooled thermal infrared detector; b1, b2, b3 are polynomial fitting coefficients; The efficiency τ of the thermal radiation transmission path is determined by the following method, including the transmittance η a (λ) of the transmission path, the transmittance η f (λ) of the infrared filter, the transmittance η o (λ) of the optical system, and the response efficiency η dec (λ) of the thermal infrared detector. The efficiency τ of the thermal radiation transmission path is expressed as follows: τ(λ) = η a (λ)·η f (λ)·η o (λ)·η dec (λ); Among them, the transmittance η of the transmission path a (λ) considers the influence of water vapor and CO2 in the thermal infrared spectral band and is obtained through theoretical calculation or simulation; the transmittance η of the infrared filter f (λ) and the transmittance η of the optical system o (λ) are calibrated by a spectrometer; the response efficiency η of the detector dec (λ) is calibrated by a standard detector and a spectrometer.

7. An information data processing terminal, characterized in that, The information data processing terminal is used to implement the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test method according to any one of claims 1 - 6.

8. A thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system for implementing the thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The thermal infrared surface temperature remote sensing inversion test system includes a temperature-controlled glass water tank, a low-emissivity substrate, a stripe target, a glass water tank temperature measurement and control component, a turntable, an infrared filter, an equivalent optical system of an infrared space remote sensing camera, an uncooled thermal infrared detector, and an adjustable bracket; Among them, the glass water tank is equipped with a temperature measurement and heating component, and is integrally installed on a one-dimensional turntable. The angle adjustment of ±90° in the azimuth direction is realized by setting the observation angle, and the temperature control is realized by using the stripe target; The stripe target is designed and fabricated using a thin sheet material with a high emissivity, and the stripe substrate is designed and fabricated using a low emissivity material. The stripe target is pasted on the outer side of the glass water tank, facing the optical system; The infrared filter is arranged in the thermal radiation transmission path for regulating the spectral response of the system; The uncooled thermal infrared detector is used to acquire thermal infrared images.

Images