Transparent electrocaloric film

Abstract

The present application discloses a transparent electrothermal film, which comprises a transparent conductive film, at least two main electrodes and at least four multiple electrodes. The transparent conductive film is arranged on a transparent substrate. The at least two main electrodes are arranged on both sides of the transparent conductive film along the edges of the transparent conductive film. The at least four multiple electrodes are composed of a first pair of multiple electrodes and a second pair of multiple electrodes, and are arranged on the transparent conductive film. There are first and second interval regions between the adjacent end points of the two main electrodes along the edges of the transparent conductive film, respectively, the first pair of multiple electrodes is arranged in the first interval region, and the second pair of multiple electrodes is arranged in the second interval region.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an electrothermal film, and more particularly to a transparent electrothermal film. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of technology, the advent of automobiles and other means of transportation has rapidly shortened the distance between people. Vehicle lights, in addition to providing illumination for the driver, also serve to inform other vehicles and pedestrians, making them extremely important. However, traditional automotive headlight heater grid wiring systems can affect optics and transmittance, and metal wiring can interfere with the sensing signals of sensors within the headlight. Furthermore, in cold regions, snow accumulation on the headlight housing often affects the brightness of the headlights. More specifically, traditional automotive headlights typically have two or four main electrodes in their electrothermal films. Due to visibility requirements, high transmittance, and increased usable area, the electrodes are designed in the out-of-see areas at the edges. However, the area with the shortest electrode spacing is the heating zone, and the heat transfer towards the center is ineffective. The longer electrode spacing in the central area results in insufficient heating, leading to poor heat uniformity.

[0003] Based on the above, it is becoming increasingly important to avoid affecting the optics, brightness and transmittance of vehicle lights, prevent interference with sensing signals, improve heat uniformity and increase heat generation area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a transparent electrothermal film that can prevent the optics, brightness and transmittance of vehicle lights from being affected, prevent the sensing signal from being interfered with, and improve the uniformity of heating and increase the heating area.

[0005] The transparent electrothermal film of this invention includes a transparent conductive film and at least two main electrodes. The transparent conductive film is disposed on a transparent substrate. The at least two main electrodes are disposed at two symmetrical positions on the transparent conductive film along the edge of the transparent conductive film, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes is equal.

[0006] The transparent electrothermal film of this invention includes a transparent conductive film, at least two main electrodes, and at least four multiple electrodes. The transparent conductive film is disposed on a transparent substrate. The at least two main electrodes are disposed on both sides of the transparent conductive film along its edge. The at least four multiple electrodes, each consisting of a first pair and a second pair, are disposed on the transparent conductive film. A first spacing region and a second spacing region exist between adjacent endpoints of the two main electrodes along the edge of the transparent conductive film, respectively. The first pair of multiple electrodes is disposed in the first spacing region, and the second pair of multiple electrodes is disposed in the second spacing region.

[0007] To make the above features of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1A This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1B For along Figure 1A A cross-sectional view of the mid-tangent line A-A'. Figure 1C This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram;

[0009] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2C For along Figure 2A A schematic diagram of the cross section along the midtangent B-B'. Figure 2D For along Figure 2A A cross-sectional view of the mid-tangent C-C'. Figure 2E For along Figure 2A A schematic cross-sectional view of the tangent line D-D';

[0010] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 5 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the transparent electrothermal film of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 11 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 12 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 13 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 14 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 15 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 16 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 17 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 18 This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following description provides detailed examples and accompanying drawings, but these examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to scale. For ease of understanding, the same components will be indicated by the same symbols in the following description. Additionally, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," etc., used herein are open-ended terms, meaning "including but not limited to." Moreover, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used only for reference to the direction of the drawings and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the quantities and shapes mentioned in the specification are only used to specifically illustrate the invention for understanding its content and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0025] Figure 1A This is a top view schematic diagram of the transparent electrothermal film according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1B For along Figure 1A A cross-sectional view of the mid-tangent line A-A'. Figure 1C This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram.

[0026] Please refer to the following at the same time Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C The transparent electrothermal film 10 may include at least two main electrodes 12, a transparent conductive film 14, and a transparent substrate 16. The transparent conductive film 14 is disposed on the transparent substrate 16. The two main electrodes 12 are disposed at two symmetrical positions on the transparent conductive film 14 along the edge of the transparent conductive film 14, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 12 is equal. The driving method of the main electrodes 12 is not limited to voltage or current driving. Please refer to... Figure 1A and Figure 1CThe transparent electrothermal film 10 also includes a heating region 18A and a cooling region 18B. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film 14 is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. Please refer to... Figure 1C The transparent electrothermal film 10 can be a planar, spherical, single-curved, hyperboloidal, or multi-dimensional geometric surface, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Since the two main electrodes 12 are positioned symmetrically on the transparent conductive film 14, the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 12 is equal, thus achieving uniform heating. When energized, the current passing through the transparent conductive film 14 generates heat due to resistance. Because the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 12 is equal, the resistance value of each shortest straight line is considered the same, and there is no uneven current flow due to resistance differences.

[0027] More specifically, the transparent substrate 16 can be made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PETG (polyethylene terephthalate-1,4-cyclohexanedimethyl ester), PC (polycarbonate), PI (polyimide), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PES (polyethersulfone), PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), acrylic, glass, or a combination thereof. The transparent conductive film 14 can be made of nano-gold, nano-silver, nano-copper, PEDOT (poly(3,4-vinyldioxythiophene)), metal mesh, graphene, metal oxide, or a combination thereof. Metal oxides may include, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). The main electrode 12 can be made of metal conductors (gold, silver, copper, aluminum, molybdenum, etc.), metal alloys, or a combination thereof.

[0028] In this embodiment, the transparent conductive film 14 and the transparent substrate 16 are, for example, circular shapes with corresponding shapes. The two main electrodes 12 are, for example, located at two symmetrical positions on the curved surface projected onto the inscribed square within the circle of the transparent conductive film. The two main electrodes 12 are, for example, symmetrical arcs with their chords parallel to each other. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The transparent conductive film 14 and the transparent substrate 16 can also be rectangular, parallelogram, or other shapes, and the main electrodes 12 can also be rectangular, parallelogram, or other shapes. Provided that the main electrodes are arranged at two symmetrical positions on the transparent conductive film along the edge of the transparent conductive film, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes is equal, different shapes of main electrodes, transparent conductive films, and transparent substrates can be selected according to actual needs.

[0029] Figure 2A and Figure 2B This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2C For along Figure 2AA schematic diagram of the cross section along the midtangent B-B'. Figure 2D For along Figure 2A A cross-sectional view of the mid-tangent C-C'. Figure 2E For along Figure 2A A schematic diagram of the cross section of the tangent line D-D'. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C The first embodiment shown here will not be described in detail here as the same components have the same specifications and configurations.

[0030] Please refer to the following at the same time Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E In addition to at least two main electrodes 22, a transparent conductive film 24, and a transparent substrate 26, the transparent electrothermal film 20 may also include at least four multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D disposed on the transparent conductive film 24. The resistance of the multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D to the main electrodes 22 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film 24. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film 24 is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrode 22, the transparent conductive film 24, and the transparent substrate 26 are similar to those in the first embodiment above, so they will not be described in detail. The materials of the multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D can be metal conductors (gold, silver, copper, aluminum, molybdenum, etc.), metal alloys, or combinations thereof, and the multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D can be the same conductive material or different conductive materials as the main electrode 22.

[0031] In this embodiment, a transparent conductive film 24 is disposed on a transparent substrate 26. Two main electrodes 22 are disposed at two symmetrical positions on the transparent conductive film 24 along the edge of the film 24, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 22 is equal. The driving method of the main electrodes 22 is not limited to voltage or current driving. A first spacing region and a second spacing region exist between the adjacent endpoints of the two main electrodes 22 along the edge of the transparent conductive film 24, respectively. Multiple electrodes 22A and 22C are disposed in the first spacing region, and multiple electrodes 22B and 22D are disposed in the second spacing region. Multiple electrodes 22A and 22C constitute a pair of multiple electrodes, while multiple electrodes 22B and 22D constitute another pair of multiple electrodes. In this embodiment, the main electrode 22 and the multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D are all arranged along and in close contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film 24. However, the invention is not limited thereto. The main electrode 22 or the multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D may also be arranged merely along the edge of the transparent conductive film 24 without being in close contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film 24. That is, there may be a gap between the main electrode 22 or the multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D and the edge of the transparent conductive film 24. The adjacent endpoints of the main electrode 22 may also not be in close contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film 24, and there may be a distance between them. This distance may not be equidistant. Other embodiments in which the main electrode or the multiple electrodes are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film without being in close contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film will be described in detail below.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 2B In each pair of multiple electrodes, taking the pair of multiple electrodes 22A and 22C as an example, the distance between multiple electrodes 22A and 22C along the edge of the transparent conductive film 24 is distance X, the distance between any one of the multiple electrodes 22A and 22C and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode 22 along the edge of the transparent conductive film 24 is distance Y, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 22 is distance Z. Distances X, Y, and Z can satisfy the following formula:

[0033] 0.65Z≤2Y+X≤Z.

[0034] Furthermore, a larger distance X results in a larger potential difference. A larger potential difference makes current easier to conduct and transfer, and the increased resistance heat generated as more current flows through the transparent conductive film 24 indirectly improves heating uniformity. The distance Y should be at least 3 mm, preferably greater than 5 mm. A smaller distance Y is preferable because a larger distance Y results in a larger cold zone, but a distance Y less than 4.309 mm leads to higher end-point temperatures. Therefore, a distance Y of at least 3 mm is necessary, while a distance Y greater than 5 mm provides the lowest possible Joule heat. Although in Figure 2A and Figure 2B In this paper, only four multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C and 22D are shown, but the number of multiple electrodes is not limited to this. Under the premise of satisfying the formula 0.65Z≤2Y+X≤Z, the number of multiple electrodes can preferably be four to eight, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 2B Regarding the size specifications of the multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D, taking multiple electrode 22D as a representative example, the length of the side of multiple electrode 22D parallel to the edge of the transparent conductive film 24 is denoted as length A, and the length of the side perpendicular to the edge of the transparent conductive film 24 is denoted as length B. Length A and length B satisfy the following formula:

[0036] A / B≥1.

[0037] Furthermore, a larger value for length A is desirable. Increasing the length A improves the uniformity of heating and simultaneously satisfies the formula 0.65Z≤2Y+X≤Z.

[0038] In this embodiment, the transparent conductive film 24 and the transparent substrate 26 are, for example, circular shapes corresponding to each other. The two main electrodes 22 are, for example, located at two symmetrical positions on the curved surface projected from the inscribed square within the transparent conductive film circle. The two main electrodes 22 are, for example, symmetrical arcs with their chords parallel to each other. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The transparent conductive film 24 and the transparent substrate 26 can also be rectangular, parallelogram, or other shapes. The main electrodes 22 can also be rectangular, parallelogram, or other shapes. The multiple electrodes 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D can also be of any geometric shape or other shapes. Provided that the main electrodes are arranged at two symmetrical positions on the transparent conductive film along the edge of the transparent conductive film, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes is equal, different shapes of main electrodes, transparent conductive films, transparent substrates, and multiple electrodes can be selected according to actual needs. Other embodiments with different shapes of main electrodes, transparent conductive films, transparent substrates, and multiple electrodes will be described in detail below.

[0039] Figure 3This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 The third embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 3 The transparent electrothermal film 30 may include at least two main electrodes 32, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 32A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 32A and the main electrodes 32 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 32 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 32, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 32A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0041] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 32, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 32A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that the multiple electrodes 32A have a pointed structure, with the pointed tip positioned towards the center point of the transparent conductive film. More specifically, the pointed tip of the multiple electrodes 32A is, for example, located at the midpoint of the side parallel to the edge of the transparent conductive film. It can be considered as an isosceles triangle protruding from the side parallel to the edge of the transparent conductive film. The pointed tip is, for example, a symmetrical shape formed by using the center line perpendicular to the center of the transparent conductive film, with the side parallel to the transparent conductive film as a mirror reference.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a top view of a transparent electrothermal film according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 The third embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 4The transparent electrothermal film 40 may include at least two main electrodes 42, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 42A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 42A and the main electrodes 42 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 42 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 42, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 42A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0044] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 42, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 42A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference is that the multiple electrodes 42A have arbitrary geometric shapes.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 The fifth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 5 The transparent electrothermal film 50 may include at least two main electrodes 52, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 52A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 52A and the main electrodes 52 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 52 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 52, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 52A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0047] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 52, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 52A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above. The two main electrodes 52 are positioned symmetrically on the transparent conductive film along its edge, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 52 is equal. The driving method of the main electrodes 52 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The difference lies in that the transparent conductive film and the transparent substrate are, for example, rectangles with corresponding shapes, and the two main electrodes 52 and the multiple electrodes 52A are, for example, symmetrical rectangles.

[0048] In this embodiment, two interval regions exist between adjacent endpoints of the main electrode 52 along the edge of the transparent conductive film. The distance between a pair of multiple electrodes 52A disposed in the same interval region along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance X1. The distance between any multiple electrode 52A and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode 52 along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance Y1. The shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 52 is distance Z1. Distances X1, Y1, and Z1 can satisfy the following formula:

[0049] 0.65Z1≤2Y1+X1≤Z1.

[0050] Furthermore, a larger distance X1 increases the potential difference. A larger potential difference makes current easier to conduct and transfer, and the increased resistance heat generated as more current flows through the transparent conductive film also improves heating uniformity. The distance Y1 should be at least 3 mm, preferably greater than 5 mm. A smaller distance Y1 is preferable because a larger distance results in a larger cold zone, but a distance less than 4.309 mm leads to high end-point temperatures. Therefore, a distance Y1 of at least 3 mm is necessary, while a distance greater than 5 mm provides the minimum Joule heat.

[0051] In this embodiment, regarding the size specifications of the multiple electrode 52A, the length of the side of the multiple electrode 52A parallel to the edge of the transparent conductive film is length A1, and the length of the side of the multiple electrode 52A perpendicular to the edge of the transparent conductive film 52A is length B1, and length A1 and length B1 satisfy the following formula:

[0052] A1 / B1≥1.

[0053] Furthermore, a larger value for length A1 is desirable. Increasing the length A1 can improve the uniformity of heating and simultaneously satisfy the formula 0.65Z1≤2Y1+X1≤Z1.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 The sixth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 6The transparent electrothermal film 60 may include at least two main electrodes 62, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 62A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 62A and the main electrodes 62 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 62 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 62, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 62A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0056] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 62, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 62A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above. The two main electrodes 62 are positioned symmetrically on the transparent conductive film along its edge, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 62 is equal. The driving method of the main electrodes 62 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The difference lies in that the transparent conductive film and the transparent substrate are, for example, parallelograms with corresponding shapes, and the two main electrodes 62 and the multiple electrodes 62A are, for example, symmetrical parallelograms.

[0057] In this embodiment, two interval regions exist between adjacent endpoints of the main electrode 62 along the edge of the transparent conductive film. The distance between a pair of multiple electrodes 62A disposed in the same interval region along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance X2. The distance between any multiple electrode 62A and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode 62 along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance Y2. The shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 62 is distance Z2. Distances X2, Y2, and Z2 can satisfy the following formula:

[0058] 0.65Z²≤2Y²+X²≤Z².

[0059] Furthermore, a larger distance X2 increases the potential difference. A larger potential difference makes current easier to conduct and transfer, and the increased resistance heat generated as more current flows through the transparent conductive film also improves heating uniformity. The distance Y2 should be at least 3 mm, preferably greater than 5 mm. A smaller distance Y2 is preferable because a larger distance Y2 will result in a larger cold zone, but a distance Y2 less than 4.309 mm will lead to high end-point temperatures. Therefore, a distance Y2 should be at least 3 mm, while a distance Y2 greater than 5 mm provides the minimum Joule heat.

[0060] In this embodiment, regarding the size specifications of the multiple electrode 62A, the length of the side of the multiple electrode 62A parallel to the edge of the transparent conductive film is length A2, and the length of the side of the multiple electrode 62A perpendicular to the edge of the transparent conductive film 62A is length B2, and lengths A2 and B2 satisfy the following formula:

[0061] A2 / B2≥1.

[0062] Furthermore, a larger value for length A2 is desirable. Increasing the length A2 can improve the uniformity of heat generation and simultaneously satisfy the formula 0.65Z2≤2Y2+X2≤Z2.

[0063] Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 The seventh embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 7 The transparent electrothermal film 70 may include at least two main electrodes 72, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 72A and 72B. The resistance of the multiple electrodes 72A and 72B is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 72 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably, for example, 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 72, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 72A and 72B are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0065] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 72, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 72A and 72B is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that the transparent conductive film and the transparent substrate are, for example, asymmetrical irregular geometric shapes with corresponding shapes. The two main electrodes 72 are arranged asymmetrically on both sides of the transparent conductive film along its edge, the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 72 is unequal, and the driving method of the main electrodes 72 is not limited to voltage or current driving.

[0066] In this embodiment, two interval regions exist between adjacent endpoints of the main electrode 72 along the edge of the transparent conductive film. The distance between a pair of multiple electrodes 72A disposed in the same interval region along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance X3. The distance between any multiple electrode 72A and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode 72 along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance Y3. The shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 72 is distance Z3. Distances X3, Y3, and Z3 can satisfy the following formula:

[0067] 0.65Z3≤2Y3+X3≤Z3.

[0068] Furthermore, a larger distance X3 value increases the potential difference. A larger potential difference makes current easier to conduct and transfer, and the increased resistance heat generated as more current flows through the transparent conductive film also improves heating uniformity. The distance Y3 should be at least 3 mm, preferably greater than 5 mm. A smaller distance Y3 value is preferable because a larger distance Y3 value results in a larger cold zone, but a distance Y3 less than 4.309 mm leads to high end-point temperatures. Therefore, a distance Y3 must be at least 3 mm, while a distance Y3 greater than 5 mm provides the lowest possible Joule heat.

[0069] In this embodiment, two interval regions exist between adjacent endpoints of the main electrode 72 along the edge of the transparent conductive film. The distance between a pair of multiple electrodes 72B disposed in another interval region along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance X4. The distance between any multiple electrode 72B and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode 72 along the edge of the transparent conductive film is distance Y4. The shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes 72 is distance Z4. Distances X4, Y4, and Z4 can satisfy the following formula:

[0070] 0.65Z4≤2Y4+X4≤Z4.

[0071] Furthermore, a larger distance X4 value increases the potential difference. A larger potential difference makes current easier to conduct and transfer, and the increased resistance heat generated as more current flows through the transparent conductive film also improves heating uniformity. The distance Y4 should be at least 3 mm, preferably greater than 5 mm. A smaller distance Y4 value is preferable because a larger distance Y4 value results in a larger cold zone, but a distance Y4 less than 4.309 mm leads to high end-point temperatures. Therefore, a distance Y4 of at least 3 mm is necessary, while a distance Y4 greater than 5 mm provides the minimum Joule heat.

[0072] Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10This is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the transparent electrothermal film according to the present invention.

[0073] Please refer to the following at the same time Figure 8 , Figure 9 as well as Figure 10 The transparent electrothermal film 80 and 100 can be any geometric surface, such as a plane, sphere, single-curved surface, hyperboloid, or multi-dimensional surface, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The formula for calculating the arc length of the spherical cap is as follows:

[0074] Length of spherical cap arc = Length of electrode ridge × 2 + Electrode spacing

[0075] Please refer to Figure 8 The transparent electrothermal film 80 has main electrodes 82, a bottom circle radius r of, for example, 80 mm, a radius of curvature of, for example, 103.2 mm, an arch height H of, for example, 38 mm, a spherical cap arc length of, for example, 183.08 mm, and a spherical cap area of, for example, 24644.12 mm². 2 For example, the outer arc length R1 of the electrode is 125.66 mm, the inner arc length R2 is 123.37 mm, the ridge length S1 is 31.55 mm, the electrode spacing D1 is 119.74 mm, and the heating area is 14464.51 mm². 2 The heating area ratio is, for example, 58.69% (heating area ratio = heating area / (spherical cap area - electrode area × 2) × 100%). Please refer to... Figure 10 The transparent electrothermal film 100 has a main electrode 102, a base circle radius of, for example, 80 mm, a radius of curvature of, for example, 80 mm, an arch height of, for example, 80 mm, a spherical cap arc length of, for example, 251.32 mm, and a spherical cap area of, for example, 40212.39 mm². 2 For example, the outer arc length R3 of the electrode is 125.66 mm, the inner arc length R4 of the electrode is 177.72 mm, the ridge length S2 of the electrode is 62.82 mm, and the electrode spacing D2 is 125.66 mm.

[0076] Figure 11 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 The eighth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 11The transparent electrothermal film 110 may include at least two main electrodes 112, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 112A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 112A and the main electrodes 112 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 112 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 112, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 112A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0078] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 112, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 112A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that, although the main electrode 112 and the multiple electrodes 112A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, they are not in direct contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film; that is, there is a gap between the main electrode 112 and the multiple electrodes 112A and the edge of the transparent conductive film. At this time, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer area enclosed by the main electrode 112 and the multiple electrodes 112A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film.

[0079] Figure 12 This is a top view of a transparent electrothermal film according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 The ninth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 12 The transparent electrothermal film 120 may include at least two main electrodes 122, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 122A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 122A and the main electrodes 122 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 122 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 122, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 122A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0081] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 122, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 122A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that, although the main electrode 122 and the multiple electrodes 122A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, the main electrode 122 is only arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film and is not in close contact with it; that is, there is a gap between the main electrode 122 and the edge of the transparent conductive film. At this time, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer area enclosed by the main electrode 122 and the multiple electrodes 122A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film.

[0082] Figure 13 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 The tenth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 13 The transparent electrothermal film 130 may include at least two main electrodes 132, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 132A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 132A and the main electrodes 132 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 132 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably, for example, 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 132, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 132A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0084] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 132, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 132A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that the transparent conductive film is rectangular. Although the main electrode 132 and the multiple electrodes 132A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, they are not in direct contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film; that is, there is a gap between the main electrode 132 and the multiple electrodes 132A and the edge of the transparent conductive film. At this time, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer area enclosed by the main electrode 132 and the multiple electrodes 132A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film.

[0085] Figure 14 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 The eleventh embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 5 The fifth embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0086] Please refer to Figure 14 The transparent electrothermal film 140 may include at least two main electrodes 142, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 142A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 142A and the main electrodes 142 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 142 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 142, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 142A are similar to those in the fifth embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0087] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 142, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 142A is similar to that in the fifth embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that, although the main electrode 142 and the multiple electrodes 142A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, they are not in direct contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film; that is, there is a gap between the main electrode 142 and the multiple electrodes 142A and the edge of the transparent conductive film. At this time, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer area enclosed by the main electrode 142 and the multiple electrodes 142A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film.

[0088] Figure 15 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 The twelfth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 5 The fifth embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0089] Please refer to Figure 15The transparent electrothermal film 150 may include at least two main electrodes 152, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 152A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 152A and the main electrodes 152 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 152 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 152, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 152A are similar to those in the fifth embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0090] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 152, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 152A is similar to that in the fifth embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that, although the main electrode 152 and the multiple electrodes 152A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, one of the main electrodes 152 and a portion of the multiple electrodes 152A are only arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film and not in close contact with it. That is, there may be a gap between one of the main electrodes 152 and a portion of the multiple electrodes 152A and the edge of the transparent conductive film. In this case, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer area enclosed by the main electrode 152 and the multiple electrodes 152A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film.

[0091] Figure 16 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16 The thirteenth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 6 The sixth embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0092] Please refer to Figure 16 The transparent electrothermal film 160 may include at least two main electrodes 162, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 162A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 162A and the main electrodes 162 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 162 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably, for example, 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 162, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 162A are similar to those in the sixth embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0093] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 162, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 162A is similar to that in the sixth embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that, although the main electrode 162 and the multiple electrodes 162A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, they are not in direct contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film; that is, there is a gap between the main electrode 162 and the multiple electrodes 162A and the edge of the transparent conductive film. At this time, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer area enclosed by the main electrode 162 and the multiple electrodes 162A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film.

[0094] Figure 17 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 The fourteenth embodiment shown is similar to the one described above. Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 2D and Figure 2E The second embodiment shown here will not be repeated here because the specifications and configurations of the same components are the same.

[0095] Please refer to Figure 17 The transparent electrothermal film 170 may include at least two main electrodes 172, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 172A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 172A and the main electrodes 172 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 172 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably, for example, 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 172, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 172A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0096] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 172, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 172A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that, although the main electrode 172 and the multiple electrodes 172A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, the main electrode 172 is only arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film and is not in close contact with it, while a portion of the multiple electrodes 172A is not in close contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film. That is, there may be a gap between the main electrode 172 and the multiple electrodes 172A and the edge of the transparent conductive film. In this case, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer ring area enclosed by the main electrode 172 and the multiple electrodes 172A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film. More specifically, the transparent conductive film may be, for example, elliptical, while the outer edge contours of the main electrode 172 and the multiple electrodes 172A may be circular.

[0097] Figure 18 This is a top view schematic diagram of a transparent electrothermal film according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

[0098] Please refer to Figure 18 The transparent electrothermal film 180 may include at least two main electrodes 182, a transparent conductive film (not shown), a transparent substrate (not shown), and at least four multiple electrodes 182A. The resistance of both the multiple electrodes 182A and the main electrodes 182 is less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance of the transparent conductive film. The driving method of the main electrodes 182 is not limited to voltage or current driving. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film is, for example, from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □, preferably from 20 Ω / □ to 400 Ω / □. The materials of the main electrodes 182, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 182A are similar to those in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated.

[0099] In this embodiment, the configuration of the main electrode 182, the transparent conductive film, the transparent substrate, and the multiple electrodes 182A is similar to that in the second embodiment described above, and therefore will not be repeated. The difference lies in that, although the main electrode 182 and the multiple electrodes 182A are arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film, the main electrode 182 is only arranged along the edge of the transparent conductive film and is not in close contact with it, while a portion of the multiple electrodes 182A is not in close contact with the edge of the transparent conductive film. That is, there may be a gap between the main electrode 182 and the multiple electrodes 182A and the edge of the transparent conductive film. In this case, the area of ​​the transparent conductive film is larger than the outer ring area enclosed by the main electrode 182 and the multiple electrodes 182A, but when energized, the current flows along the shortest path between the electrodes and is not affected by the increased area of ​​the transparent conductive film. More specifically, the transparent conductive film may be circular, for example, while the outer edge contours of the main electrode 182 and the multiple electrodes 182A may be elliptical.

[0100] Based on the above, the transparent electrothermal film of this invention includes at least two main electrodes and at least four multiple electrodes, with the multiple electrodes disposed between the main electrodes. Heating via the multiple electrodes achieves a transmittance of ≥80%, preventing any impact on the optics, brightness, and transmittance of the vehicle headlight. Furthermore, by adjusting the configuration and spacing of the multiple electrodes, energy consumption can be reduced, the heating uniformity of the cold areas at both ends can be improved, and the area with a heating temperature greater than 40°C can be increased. On the other hand, the transparent electrothermal film of this invention does not have metal wiring that interferes with the sensing signals of the sensors inside the vehicle headlight. Moreover, transparent electrothermal films, main electrodes, and multiple electrodes with different shapes and configurations can be used according to actual needs.

[0101] Although the present invention has been disclosed in conjunction with the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A transparent electrothermal film, characterized in that, include: A transparent conductive film is disposed on a transparent substrate; At least two main electrodes are disposed on both sides of the surface of the transparent conductive film along the edge of the transparent conductive film; as well as At least four multiple electrodes, consisting of a first pair of multiple electrodes and a second pair of multiple electrodes, are disposed on the surface of the transparent conductive film. A first spacing region and a second spacing region exist between the adjacent endpoints of the two main electrodes along the edge of the transparent conductive film. The first pair of multiple electrodes is disposed in the first spacing region, and the second pair of multiple electrodes is disposed in the second spacing region. In either the first pair of multiple electrodes or the second pair of multiple electrodes, the distance between the two multiple electrodes along the edge of the transparent conductive film is X, the distance between any one of the two multiple electrodes and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode along the edge of the transparent conductive film is Y, and the shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes is Z. X, Y, and Z satisfy the following formula: 0.65Z≤2Y+X≤Z.

2. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two main electrodes are located at two symmetrical positions on the transparent conductive film.

3. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shortest straight-line distance between the two main electrodes is equal.

4. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transparent conductive film and the transparent substrate are circular in shape. The two main electrodes are located at two symmetrical positions on the curved surface of the transparent conductive film, which are inscribed in the circle. The two main electrodes are symmetrical in arc shape with their chords parallel to each other.

5. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transparent conductive film and the transparent substrate are rectangular in shape, and the two main electrodes and the multiple electrodes are rectangular.

6. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transparent conductive film and the transparent substrate are parallelograms with corresponding shapes, and the two main electrodes and the multiple electrodes are parallelograms.

7. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film ranges from 1 Ω / □ to 1000 Ω / □.

8. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistance values ​​of the multiple electrodes and the main electrode are both less than 1 / 10 to 1 / 1000 of the resistance value of the transparent conductive film.

9. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple electrodes are rectangular or parallelogram-shaped, with the length of the side parallel to the edge of the transparent conductive film being A, and the length of the side perpendicular to the edge of the transparent conductive film being B, and A and B satisfying the following formula: A / B≥1.

10. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first pair of multiple electrodes, the distance between the two multiple electrodes along the edge of the transparent conductive film is X3, the distance between any one of the two multiple electrodes and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode along the edge of the transparent conductive film is Y3, and the shortest straight-line distance between the endpoints of the two main electrodes adjacent to the first interval region is Z3. In the second pair of multiple electrodes, the distance between the two multiple electrodes along the edge of the transparent conductive film is X4, the distance between any one of the two multiple electrodes and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode along the edge of the transparent conductive film is Y4, and the shortest straight-line distance between the endpoints of the two main electrodes adjacent to the second spacing region is Z4. X3, Y3, and Z3, as well as X4, Y4, and Z4, satisfy the following formula: 0.65Z³≤2Y³+X³≤Z³ 0.65Z4≤2Y4+X4≤Z4.

11. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple electrodes have a structure with pointed tips, which are arranged toward the center point of the transparent conductive film.

12. The transparent electrothermal film according to claim 1, characterized in that, In each pair of the multiple electrodes, the distance between either of the two multiple electrodes and the endpoint of the adjacent main electrode along the edge of the transparent conductive film is Y, where Y is greater than 3 mm.

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