A heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method and system based on a blockchain smart contract

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method and system based on blockchain smart contract, idle spectrum resources are dynamically shared by auction theory combined with blockchain smart contract, and the winning user multiplex spectrum is determined by spectrum interference map;For the bidder who is easy to obtain favorable information, set public bidding price to ensure the fairness of smart contract auction.The present application is based on auction theory and blockchain spectrum sharing method, by establishing buyer interference map and public bidding price to cover bid information, it solves the problem that safety and efficiency are difficult to consider in distributed spectrum sharing scenario;The proposed on-demand flexible spectrum auction scheme solves the problem of low overall efficiency and low spectrum utilization caused by malicious collusion between users in blockchain spectrum sharing;Blockchain technology is used to promote the sharing of heterogeneous spectrum, and the smart contract ensures the reliable operation mechanism of distributed centerless nodes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of blockchain and dynamic spectrum sharing, and particularly relates to a heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method and system based on a blockchain smart contract. BACKGROUND

[0002] Spectrum is a major component of modern wireless communication technology, and with the large demand of mobile users and devices, the use of spectrum resources is becoming more and more frequent. In 6G communication, there will be challenges such as higher data transmission rate, more stringent spectrum resource limitation, more diverse service requirements, and better user experience, among which the problem of spectrum supply and demand contradiction is particularly prominent. At present, the available spectrum resources are mainly concentrated below 6GHz, but this frequency band is very crowded. The frequency band above 6GHz has not been widely used, and it can provide continuous large bandwidth to support higher data rate transmission and expand system capacity. Therefore, the use range of future spectrum will expand to the full spectrum era. However, different frequency bands differ significantly in key factors such as signal propagation characteristics, bandwidth capacity, and interference influence, and an effective solution should be sought to reasonably allocate and manage spectrum resources.

[0003] Due to the rapid development of the Internet and the continuous popularity of e-commerce, the scope and influence of electronic auctions have greatly improved. Electronic auctions break and eliminate the physical limitations of traditional auctions, such as geography, on-site, time, space, and small target audience. With the focus on improving spectrum utilization, auction theory is an effective solution to market-driven spectrum resource trading problems. One of the main challenges faced by electronic auctions is the lack of trust between sellers, buyers, and auctioneers. Similar to traditional auctions, electronic auctions are also vulnerable to collusion. In electronic auctions, buyers compete for the goods or services offered by sellers by bidding. Selfish and rational buyers and sellers have the incentive to collude with each other to manipulate the auction to gain unfair profits.

[0004] Blockchain realizes decentralization, transaction tamper resistance, traceability, and transparency, and can realize trusted information and value exchange in an untrusted environment. It is a feasible solution to the security and privacy problems in the above spectrum auction scheme. Smart contracts are built on top of cryptocurrencies and allow users to define and execute contracts on the blockchain. Specifically, a smart contract is a computer program that resides in a specific address on the Ethereum blockchain and is composed of functions (executable code units within the contract) and data (the state of the smart contract). The execution of functions in a smart contract is triggered by time or events, such as transactions added to the blockchain. In addition, a smart contract can receive, store, and send its own value. These functions are stored and executed by consensus servers, and the correctness of the execution is guaranteed by the consensus protocol of the blockchain. There are many problems to be solved in applying blockchain, smart contracts, and auction theory to the distributed heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing scenario.

[0005] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are:

[0006] (1) unable to adapt to future heterogeneous spectrum scenarios, resulting in low spectrum utilization, waste of spectrum resources, increase in cost and loss of benefit.

[0007] (2) During the auction, collusion may be formed among bidders, and the winning probability is increased and the cost is reduced through collusion bidding. This not only damages the interests of the auctioneer and reduces the willingness of the auctioneer to sell, but also causes one party to hoard a large amount of spectrum resources due to low evil cost, which will all lead to low spectrum utilization and violate the original intention of spectrum sharing.

[0008] (3) In the blockchain system, participating users can see the bid amount, and selfish bidders have the opportunity to gain an advantage by manipulating their bids, which damages the interests of others and does not conform to the authenticity of the auction. SUMMARY

[0009] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method and system based on a blockchain smart contract.

[0010] The technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0011] A heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method based on a blockchain smart contract, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1: The spectrum provider, specifically the seller, submits the auction-related information to the smart contract and pays the deposit; after the deadline for submission is reached, before the auction-related information is posted, the smart contract sorts the frequency bands to be auctioned in descending order of bandwidth, generates a spectrum auction sequence, and performs sequential auctions on the spectrum in the order of the spectrum auction sequence;

[0013] S2: The spectrum demander, specifically the buyer, uploads the transmit power, usage time and location information, calculates the interference distance through the smart contract interference map generation function, and generates a spectrum interference map according to the interference distance;

[0014] S3: The buyer encrypts and submits the bid price and transfers the account to the smart contract, and the transfer amount is the public bid price; wherein the public bid price is greater than the bid price;

[0015] S4: The seller's reserve price and the buyer's bid price are revealed; if the buyer's bid price is less than the seller's reserve price, the buyer is directly eliminated; the remaining buyers are selected by the smart contract through a winner determination function, the payment price of the winner group is determined by the payment price determination function of the smart contract, and then the refund operation is performed according to the payment price and the spectrum license is issued to the winner group;

[0016] S5: repeating steps S2, S3, S4 until all spectrum auctions in the spectrum auction sequence are completed, ending the current auction epoch;

[0017] S6: packaging all auction processes and results into a block and uploading to the blockchain.

[0018] Preferably, in step S1 of the above method, the set of spectrum providers is SP = {sp i |i = 1, 2, …, n}.

[0019] In the present application, idle spectrum resources are dynamically shared through the auction theory combined with the blockchain smart contract, and the winning user is determined to reuse the spectrum through the spectrum interference diagram; in view of the fact that the later bidder can easily obtain favorable information, the public bidding price is set to ensure the fairness of the smart contract auction.

[0020] Preferably, in step S1 of the above method, the auction-related information is I i = H (sl i |r i ); wherein sl i is a spectrum certificate containing spectrum information and ownership proof of the auction; r i is the seller's estimated price of the spectrum, i.e. the reserve price, which can resist malicious collusion among some buyers and thus reduce the seller's loss; H(·) is an encryption function;

[0021] In step S1, the spectrum is sequentially auctioned in the order of the spectrum auction sequence, which is in line with the preferences of both buyers and sellers, because the bidders can more clearly observe the previous auction results to formulate their own strategies; and for the sellers, sequential auction can make the buyers who have failed in the previous bidding to increase the bid, thereby increasing the seller's revenue.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2 of the above method, the set of spectrum demanders is SR = {sr i |i = 1, 2, …, m}.

[0023] Preferably, in step S2 of the above method, the communication model between the seller and the buyer can be regarded as a transmitter and receiver model.

[0024] Preferably, in step S2 of the above method, the calculation method of the interference distance is that the smart contract calculates the interference distance of the buyer sr i according to the transmission power P i , the interference threshold P i IN and the location x i submitted by the buyer sr i through an interference diagram generation function, i.e. ​

[0025]

[0026] wherein the interference distance refers to the radius of the interference range of the frequency channel used by the buyer at the location, γ is an antenna correlation constant, α is a path loss factor, and β is a constant.

[0027] Preferably, in step S2 of the above method, the spectrum interference map is generated by the interference distance The specific method is: taking the coordinate position x i of the buyer i as the center and the interference distance as the radius of the circular area, which is the interference range of the buyer i. If the interference ranges of two buyers i and j overlap, that is:

[0028]

[0029] it is determined that the two buyers have an interference relationship in the interference map, and an interference relationship evaluation result is generated. The interference evaluation result is used as a parameter and recorded in the spectrum interference map in the form of a matrix;

[0030] The above operation is repeated until the interference relationship of all buyers is evaluated.

[0031] Preferably, in step S3 of the above method, the buyer sr i estimates a true value v i according to the utility of the bid spectrum sl i , then selects a bid value b i according to the true value v i , and b i ≥ v i , encrypts b i by an encryption function H(·) to obtain H(b i ), and submits H(b i ) to the smart contract.

[0032] Without changing the underlying mechanism of the blockchain, when the buyer pays the bid price to the contract account, the amount of the transfer will be recorded on the chain, which will provide relevant bidding information to the later bidder, making it more likely for the later bidder to win the auction, lacking the guarantee of fairness of the auction. Therefore, after sealing the bid price, the buyer also needs to directly pay an amount greater than the bid price to the contract account to cover the true bid price and reduce the information that the later person may obtain. We call this price the public bid price, which is recorded by the smart contract.

[0033] Preferably, in step S4 of the above method, the winner determination function includes: solving the spectrum interference map by a graph coloring algorithm All independent sets, again by the smart contract through the seller to submit optimization function, according to the seller's own strategy, select one of the independent set as the winner group M win , which can maximize the seller's auction proceeds;

[0034] Wherein, the optimization function of the seller is The winner group M win The buyers in the independent set can reuse the same frequency band; Is an independent set in the interference diagram of the auction channel h i , and the corresponding bid of the buyer in the independent set is

[0035] Preferably, in step S4 of the above method, the smart contract determines the payment price p i of the buyer by the payment price determination function

[0036]

[0037] Since the buyer has paid an amount equivalent to the public bid price in step S2, for the winning buyer, i.e. sr i ∈M win , the smart contract needs to refund the difference between the public bid price and the payment price; for the non-winning buyer, i.e. , the smart contract needs to refund all the payment amount.

[0038] The application also discloses a heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing system based on a blockchain smart contract, which applies the above-mentioned heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method based on a blockchain smart contract, comprising:

[0039] A global blockchain, including spectrum suppliers, inspection agencies, for recording global ledgers, spectrum supplier registration, user registration and allocation;

[0040] A regional blockchain, including spectrum suppliers and users, for conducting spectrum auctions, and the auction results should be uploaded to the global blockchain for recording;

[0041] In the regional blockchain, the spectrum provider includes the spectrum supplier and / or the user, and the spectrum demander is the user;

[0042] The division of the regional blockchain is divided according to the number of users, to ensure that the number of users in each region is the same.

[0043] Preferably, the smart contract receives and displays relevant auction information from the spectrum supplier, the spectrum provider and the spectrum demander, and performs payment settlement for the spectrum supplier, the spectrum provider and the spectrum demander after the auction is successful.

[0044] ​Preferably, during the entire auction transaction process, the inspection agency inspects, verifies the authenticity of the information submitted by the spectrum supplier, the spectrum provider and the spectrum demander, and verifies and checks the transaction settlement data.

[0045] Advantages of the present application:

[0046] (1) The present application applies the auction theory to the dynamic spectrum sharing scene, and provides a spectrum transaction platform and a channel for direct transaction with the supplier for the user by writing the auction algorithm into the smart contract. The spectrum provider uploads the information about the idle spectrum owned by himself for sale by calling the smart contract, and the buyer can also participate in the spectrum auction by responding to the smart contract. Not only the intermediate time in the transaction is saved, but also the spectrum utilization rate is improved.

[0047] (2) The present application promotes the sharing of electronic information by using the blockchain technology, and the smart contract algorithm ensures the reliable operation of the distributed and centerless node participation mechanism.

[0048] (3) The interference graph among the buyers is added in the smart contract auction algorithm, so that multiple buyers who do not interfere with each other on the same frequency are taken as the winners of the auction to reuse the spectrum, which not only improves the utilization rate of the spectrum, but also reduces the possibility of collusion among the buyers to interfere with the auction result. At the same time, the public bidding price is added in the auction process to cover the real bidding price of the buyer, so as to reduce the confidence provided by other bidders, prevent malicious collusion bidding, and improve the fairness of the auction. Both the potential cost of the seller and the buyer when the auction occurs and the benefits brought by the auction to the buyer and the seller are considered, so as to ensure the benefits of the buyer and the seller.

[0049] (4) The present application solves the problem that the safety and the benefit are difficult to be considered in the distributed spectrum sharing scene, that is, the spectrum accumulation caused by malicious bidding can be avoided to effectively improve the spectrum utilization rate and promote the optimal allocation of the spectrum resources, while the untrustworthy behavior of the user is restricted, the individual benefit and good experience of the participating user are ensured, the participation degree and the satisfaction degree of the user are improved, and the popularization of the dynamic spectrum sharing technology is facilitated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method provided by the present application;

[0051] Figure 2 is a timing chart of the heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method provided by the present application;

[0052] Figure 3 is a spectrum interference graph generated by the heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method provided by the present application;

[0053] Figure 4is a structural diagram of a heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing system provided by the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0055] Embodiment 1

[0056] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the present embodiment provides a heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method based on a blockchain smart contract, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1: A spectrum provider (i.e. a seller) submits auction-related information to a smart contract and pays a deposit; after the deadline for submission is reached, before the auction-related information is posted, the smart contract sorts the frequency bands to be auctioned in descending order of bandwidth, generates a spectrum auction sequence, and performs sequential auctions on the spectrum in the order of the spectrum auction sequence;

[0058] S2: A spectrum demander (i.e. a buyer) uploads transmission power, usage time and location information, eliminates buyers who do not meet the requirements and generates a spectrum interference map through a smart contract interference map generation function;

[0059] S3: The buyer encrypts and submits a bid price and transfers money to the smart contract account, and the transfer amount is the public bid price; wherein the public bid price is greater than the bid price;

[0060] S4: The seller's reserve price and the buyer's bid price are revealed; if the buyer's bid price is less than the seller's reserve price, the buyer is directly eliminated; the remaining buyers are selected by the smart contract through a winner determination function, the payment price of the winner group is determined by a payment price determination function, and then a refund operation is performed according to the payment price and a spectrum license is issued to the winner group;

[0061] S5: Steps S2, S3 and S4 are repeated until all spectrum auctions in the spectrum auction sequence are completed, and the current auction epoch is ended;

[0062] S6: All auction processes and results are packaged into a block and uploaded to a blockchain.

[0063] Specifically, the set of spectrum providers in step S1 provided by the present embodiment is SP = {sp i| i = 1, 2,..., n}, the spectrum demander set is SR = {sr i | i = 1, 2,..., m}, the auction-related information is I i = H (sl i | r i ); wherein sl i is a spectrum certificate, containing spectrum information of the auction and proof of ownership; r i is the seller's estimated price of the spectrum, i.e. the reserve price, which can resist malicious collusion among some buyers, thereby reducing the loss of the seller; H (·) is an encryption function.

[0064] In step S1, the spectrum is sequentially auctioned in the order of the spectrum auction sequence, which is in line with the preferences of both buyers and sellers, because the bidders can more clearly observe the previous auction results to formulate their own strategies. Moreover, for the seller, using sequential auction can make the buyers who failed in the previous bidding to increase the price, thereby increasing the seller's revenue.

[0065] Specifically, in step S2, the communication model between the seller and the buyer can be regarded as a transmitter and receiver model. In this stage, the buyer sr i first submits the transmission power P i , the interference threshold P i IN , and the location x i , and then the smart contract calculates the interference distance d i.e.

[0066]

[0067] wherein the interference distance refers to the radius of the interference range of the frequency channel used by the buyer at the location, γ is an antenna-related constant, α is a path loss factor, and β is a constant.

[0068] Then, the interference map is generated by the interference distance The specific method is as follows: taking the coordinate position x i of the buyer i as the center and the interference distance d as the radius, the circular area is the interference range of the buyer i, if the interference ranges of two buyers i and j overlap, i.e.

[0069]

[0070] it is determined that the two buyers have an interference relationship in the interference map, and an interference relationship evaluation result is generated, and the interference evaluation result is used as a parameter and recorded in the spectrum interference map in the form of a matrix;

[0071] Specifically, the step S3 provided by the embodiment of the present application provides that the buyer sr i The spectrum sl i According to the utility estimation of the spectrum, a real estimation value v is generated i Then, according to the real estimation value v i A bid value b is selected i , b i ≥ v i , and the encrypted H(b i ) is submitted to the smart contract, H() being an encryption function. Without changing the underlying mechanism of the blockchain, when the buyer pays the bid price to the contract account, the amount of the transfer is recorded on the chain, which provides the relevant bidding information for the later bidder, so that the later bidder is more likely to win the auction, lacking the guarantee of the fairness of the auction. Therefore, after the sealed bid price, the buyer also needs to directly pay an amount greater than the bid price to the contract account to cover the real bid price and reduce the information that the later person may obtain. We call this price the public bid price, and it is recorded by the smart contract.

[0072] Specifically, the step S4 provided by the embodiment of the present application first solves the interference graph All independent sets, and then the smart contract selects one of the independent sets as the winner by using the optimization function submitted by the seller according to the seller's own strategy. Assuming is the optimization function of the seller sp i , that is, the strategy of the seller is to select the combination that maximizes his own income as the winning group M win The winning group can reuse the frequency band, wherein is an independent set in the interference graph of the auction channel h i ,

[0073] is the bid of the user corresponding to the independent set.

[0074] Finally, the smart contract determines the payment price p i of the buyer by using the payment price determination function, that is

[0075]

[0076] Since the buyer has paid an amount equivalent to the public bid price in step S2, for the winning buyer, that is, sr i ∈ M win , the smart contract needs to refund the difference between the public bid price and the payment price; for the non-winning buyer, that is , the smart contract needs to refund all the payment amount.

[0077] In this embodiment, it is assumed that a seller auctions his own spectrum, and the seller sets the auction starting price as r=5. At this time, there are seven buyers participating in the competitive auction of the spectrum, and each of the buyers generates a bid price according to the estimated true value, which is b1=5, b2=6, b3=9, b4=16, b5=25, b6=14, and b7=3.

[0078] Among them, since b7

[0079] At this time, the interference diagram generated by the six buyers is as shown in Figure 3 The independent sets generated according to the interference diagram are M1={w1, w3}, M2={w1, w6}, M3={w2, w4, w6}, M4={w3, w4}, and M5={w5, w6}. The total bid prices of the respective independent sets are calculated as Therefore, the winning set of the auction is M5, and the two users w5 and w6 in M5 can share the spectrum.

[0080] The algorithm designed for the spectrum auction in the application can realize spectrum reuse among users with complementary interference under heterogeneous spectrum, improve spectrum utilization, and realize efficient spectrum auction against collusion among users. Tests show that the designed algorithm is effective and can achieve the purpose of risk avoidance.

[0081] Embodiment 2

[0082] As shown in Figure 4 The main technical solution of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1. Features not explained in this embodiment are explained in embodiment 1, and will not be described here. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:

[0083] This embodiment also discloses a heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing system based on a blockchain smart contract, which comprises:

[0084] A global blockchain, comprising a spectrum provider and an inspection agency, for recording a global ledger, spectrum provider registration, user registration, and distribution;

[0085] A regional blockchain, comprising a spectrum provider and a user, for conducting a spectrum auction, and the auction result should be uploaded to the global blockchain for recording;

[0086] In the regional blockchain, the spectrum provider comprises a spectrum provider and / or a user, and the spectrum demander is a user;

[0087] The regional blockchain is divided according to the number of users, so as to ensure that the number of users in each region is the same.

[0088] Specifically, the smart contract is created by the spectrum provider and deployed on the server system.

[0089] Specifically, the smart contract receives and displays relevant auction information from the spectrum provider, the spectrum provider and the spectrum demander, and settles the payment of the spectrum provider, the spectrum provider and the spectrum demander after the auction is successful.

[0090] Specifically, during the entire auction transaction process, the inspection agency checks and verifies the authenticity of the information submitted by the spectrum provider, the spectrum provider and the spectrum demander, and verifies and checks the transaction settlement data.

[0091] According to the disclosure and teaching of the above description, those skilled in the art of the present application can also make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes of the present application should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application. In addition, although some specific terms are used in the specification, these terms are only for convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic sharing of heterogeneous spectrum based on blockchain smart contracts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Spectrum provider, specifically the seller, who submits auction-related information to the smart contract and pays a deposit; After the submission deadline is reached and before the auction-related information is publicly disclosed, the smart contract sorts the auctioned frequency bands by bandwidth from largest to smallest, generates a spectrum auction sequence, and executes the sequential auction of the spectrum according to the order of the spectrum auction sequence. S2: Spectrum demander, specifically the buyer. The buyer uploads the transmission power, usage time and location information, calculates the interference distance through the smart contract interference map generation function, and then generates a spectrum interference map based on the interference distance; The interference distance is calculated by the smart contract based on the information provided by the buyer sr. i Submitted transmission power P i Interference threshold P i IN and position x i The buyer's SR is calculated using the interference graph generation function. i Interference distance Right now Wherein, the interference distance refers to the radius of the interference range of the channel used by the buyer's location, γ is the antenna correlation constant, and α is the path loss factor, which is a constant; S3: The buyer encrypts and submits their bid, transferring the amount to the smart contract account equal to the public bid price; where the public bid price is greater than the bid price; the buyer sr i According to the spectrum sl of the bid i The utility estimate produces a true valuation v i Then, based on this true valuation v i Select a bid value b i , and b i ≥v i And the encryption function H(·) is used to encrypt b i Encryption yields H(b) i ), then H(b) i Submit to the smart contract; S4: Reveal the seller's reserve price and the buyer's bid price; if the buyer's bid price is lower than the seller's reserve price, the buyer is directly eliminated; the remaining buyers are selected by the smart contract through the winner determination function, and then the payment price determination function of the smart contract determines the payment price of the winning group, and then the refund operation is performed according to the payment price, and a spectrum license is issued to the winning group; The winner determination function includes: solving the spectral interference map using a graph coloring algorithm. All independent sets are then selected by the smart contract through an optimization function submitted by the seller, and based on the seller's own strategy, one of the independent sets is chosen as the winning group M. win ; Among them, the seller sp i The optimization function is Winner Group M win Buyers in the same frequency band can reuse the same frequency band; It's the auction channel h i Independent sets in the interference graph, This is the corresponding bid from the independent, concentrated buyer; S5: Repeat steps S2, S3, and S4 until all spectrum in the spectrum auction sequence has been auctioned, ending the current auction epoch; S6: Package all auction processes and results into blocks and upload them to the blockchain.

2. The heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method based on blockchain smart contracts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the set of spectrum providers is SP = {sp i |i=1,2,...,n}, the auction-related information is I i =H(sl) i |r i In step S2, the set of spectrum demanders is SR = {sr} i |i=1,2,...,m}; Among them, sl i It is a spectrum certificate, containing information about the auctioned spectrum and proof of ownership; i H is the seller's estimated price for the spectrum, i.e., the reserve price; H(·) is the encryption function.

3. The heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method based on blockchain smart contracts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a spectral interference map is generated based on the interference distance. The specific method is as follows: using the coordinate position x of buyer i i With the center as the interference distance The circular area with radius is the interference range of buyer i. If the interference ranges of two buyers i and j overlap, that is: The two buyers are then determined to have an interference relationship in the interference graph, and an interference relationship assessment result is generated. This assessment result is then used as a parameter and recorded in the spectrum interference graph in matrix form. middle; Repeat the above steps until all buyers are assessed for interference relationships.

4. The heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method based on blockchain smart contracts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the smart contract determines the buyer's payment price p using a payment price determination function. i ,Right now If sr i ∈M win The smart contract must refund the difference between the public bid price and the payment price to the buyer, sr. i If the buyer is not successful in the bidding, the smart contract must refund all payments made by the buyer.

5. A heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing system based on blockchain smart contracts, employing the heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing method based on blockchain smart contracts as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, include: A global blockchain, including spectrum providers and inspection agencies, is used to record the global ledger, spectrum provider registration, user registration, and allocation. Regional blockchains, including spectrum providers and users, are used for spectrum auctions, and the auction results should be uploaded to the global blockchain for recording. In regional blockchains, spectrum providers include spectrum suppliers and / or users, while spectrum demanders are users; The regional blockchain is divided based on the number of users, ensuring that the number of users in each region is the same.

6. A heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing system based on blockchain smart contracts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The smart contract receives and displays relevant auction information from spectrum suppliers, spectrum providers, and spectrum demanders, and settles payments to spectrum suppliers, spectrum providers, and spectrum demanders after a successful auction.

7. A heterogeneous spectrum dynamic sharing system based on blockchain smart contracts according to claim 6, characterized in that: Throughout the auction process, the inspection agency will examine and verify the authenticity of the information submitted by spectrum suppliers, spectrum providers, and spectrum demanders, as well as verify and validate the transaction settlement data.

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