Ecological island building and methods for land reclamation

Abstract

This invention relates to an ecological island construction method for land reclamation, comprising, from bottom to top, a reef base layer, a perforated rockfill layer, an island surface leveling layer, and a subsequently constructed concrete island surface. The reef base layer is laid on the reef bottom and is composed of artificial pebbles dumped into the sea. The perforated rockfill layer is laid on top of the reef base layer and is formed by the natural sinking and accumulation of reclamation units. The reclamation units are artificial pebbles with through holes in the center. The island surface leveling layer is laid on top of the perforated rockfill layer and is composed of artificial pebbles bonded together with concrete adhesive, filling the gaps in the lower perforated rockfill layer and providing a sealed space for the subsequent concrete island surface pouring. The subsequent concrete island surface is constructed by pouring concrete onto the surface of the island surface leveling layer, allowing it to penetrate the lower island surface leveling layer, mix with the graded artificial pebbles within the layer, and solidify to form a reclaimed island surface that can be exposed above the sea surface. This invention combines load-bearing and ecological functions, reducing the damage to the nearshore reef ecosystem caused by sand blowing, while also improving the flexibility of land reclamation construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of land reclamation technology, specifically relating to an ecological island building method for land reclamation. Background Technology

[0002] To expand their land area and effectively utilize resources, coastal countries are vigorously developing land reclamation technology. Among existing technologies, the most mature and widely used is sand dredging and reclamation. By blowing sand to the target area, areas previously submerged by seawater are filled into sand dunes. Then, through methods such as compaction and soil improvement, structures can be built and production can be developed on the reclaimed land.

[0003] The cutter suction dredgers used in land reclamation loosen the seabed soil and coral reefs before transporting and filling the area. Coral reefs play a crucial role in the biodiversity of marine ecosystems, with one-quarter of the world's marine life depending on them for survival. Therefore, land reclamation targeting islands and reefs inevitably causes irreversible damage to the marine ecosystem surrounding the reefs due to the destruction of coral reefs and the occupation of the surrounding waters. Furthermore, the solidification process of land reclamation is highly flexible due to various factors, such as the power of the dredger's own pressure pumps and the influence of external monsoons and ocean currents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological island building method for land reclamation, which addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. This ecological island building method combines load-bearing and ecological functions, significantly reduces the damage of sand blowing to the nearshore reef ecological environment, and improves the flexibility of land reclamation construction.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0006] An ecological island-building method for land reclamation includes, from bottom to top, a reef base layer, a perforated rockfill layer, an island surface leveling layer, and a post-constructed concrete island surface. The reef base layer is laid on the reef bottom and is composed of artificial pebbles dumped into the sea. The perforated rockfill layer is laid on top of the reef base layer and is formed by the natural sinking and accumulation of reclamation units. The reclamation units are artificial pebbles with through holes in the middle. The island surface leveling layer is laid on top of the perforated rockfill layer and is made of artificial pebbles bonded together with concrete adhesive, filling the gaps in the lower perforated rockfill layer and providing a closed space for the subsequent concrete island surface to be cast. The post-constructed concrete island surface is formed by pouring concrete onto the surface of the island surface leveling layer and allowing it to penetrate into the lower island surface leveling layer, mixing and solidifying with the graded artificial pebbles within the layer to form a reclaimed island surface that can be exposed above the sea surface.

[0007] In the above scheme, the artificial pebbles in the reef bottom cushion layer, the hollowed-out rock pile layer, and the island surface leveling layer are made from crushed construction waste through molding.

[0008] In the above scheme, the reef bottom cushion layer is made of artificial pebbles with a particle size of not less than 0.3m, and the thickness of the reef bottom cushion layer is 0.5 to 1m.

[0009] In the above scheme, the reclamation unit of the hollowed-out rockfill layer includes an outer shell layer, a middle structural layer, and an inner filling layer. The outer shell layer is made of neutral material to ensure that the seabed water quality and related environmental indicators are not affected after the reclamation unit sinks to the bottom. The structural layer is made of high-performance corrosion-resistant material to withstand the water head pressure after the reclamation unit sinks to the bottom, the pressure transmitted by the unit stacking, and the mutual collision force. The outer shell layer completely covers the outside of the structural layer, forming a fully enclosed cavity inside. The filling layer uses the fully enclosed cavity formed by the structural layer to fill crushed construction waste.

[0010] In the above scheme, the reclamation unit also includes a support frame, which is located in the fully enclosed cavity formed by the structural layer. The support frame is a triangular pyramidal structure system, and the four vertices are connected and fixed to the structural layer through inherent connectors.

[0011] In the above scheme, the diameter of the through hole of the reclamation unit exceeds 0.4m, and the particle size of the reclamation unit is not less than 1.5m.

[0012] In the above scheme, the hollowed-out rock pile layer is stacked in layers, and the range of each layer decreases layer by layer, so that the hollowed-out rock pile layer as a whole forms a reef slope protection of 45 to 50 degrees.

[0013] In the above scheme, the gradation of the island surface leveling layer is: >20cm artificial pebbles: 10~20cm artificial pebbles: 5~10cm artificial pebbles: <5cm artificial pebbles = 12:33:23:32.

[0014] In the above scheme, the ecological island construction is applicable to the land reclamation area in shallow sea or lagoon areas facing near-shore reefs where the hydrodynamic effects are relatively weak, corresponding to a water depth of less than 20 meters.

[0015] Accordingly, this invention also proposes an ecological island-building method, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Remove the gravel and silt from the selected reclamation area and a certain range around the reef, and replace it with artificial pebbles to form a reef bottom cushion layer. After regional compaction, the artificial pebbles are placed on the reef limestone bearing layer with a dense and stable surface, forming a foundation with bearing capacity.

[0017] Step 2: To ensure the stability and bearing capacity of the reef bottom cushion layer under hydrodynamic action, piles are added at the outer edge of the laying area, and the crushed stone is fixed within the limited area of ​​the foundation piles with gabion nets.

[0018] Step 3: Stack the artificial pebble reclamation units in layers from the outside to the inside along the pile range, with the range of each layer decreasing gradually, so that the hollow pebble layer as a whole forms a reef slope of 45-50°, while ensuring that the through holes of each reclamation unit are not blocked, thus forming a hollow pebble layer.

[0019] Step 4: After the perforated rockfill layer is laid, a temporary enclosure is added to the top layer. Graded artificial pebbles and concrete binder are densely laid inside the enclosure to seal the gaps between the top reclamation units and form a leveling layer for the island surface.

[0020] Step 5: Finally, pour concrete on the surface of the island leveling layer and fully vibrate it together with the graded artificial pebbles of the island leveling layer to form a concrete island surface that can be exposed above the sea surface.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. This invention, for land reclamation and ecological island construction, consists of a bottom-up structure comprising a reef base layer, a perforated rockfill layer, an island surface leveling layer, and a subsequently constructed concrete island surface. The reef base layer addresses the weak foundation of the reef base and diffuses stress; the perforated rockfill layer provides shelter and a habitat for zooplankton and fish, forming an ecological island core that integrates structural support and ecological enrichment; the island surface leveling layer provides a closed space for the subsequent concrete pouring; and the subsequently constructed concrete island surface constitutes a reclaimed island surface that is exposed above the sea. Therefore, this ecological island construction for land reclamation combines load-bearing capacity with ecological functionality.

[0023] 2. The perforated pebble reclamation units, with their varying orientations and locations of the through holes, reduce seawater flow velocity and create upwelling and turbulence in the reef area. This creates an effect similar to fishing reefs, contributing to the enrichment of fisheries. Furthermore, the reclamation units are prefabricated in a factory and transported to the site by large vessels for direct positioning and sinking. Unlike traditional sand dredging reclamation, they are not affected by various factors such as the power of their own pressure pumps, external monsoons, and ocean currents, thus increasing the flexibility of reclamation construction. Therefore, compared to large-scale sand dredging reclamation, this invention significantly reduces the damage to the nearshore reef ecosystem caused by sand dredging while improving the flexibility of reclamation construction.

[0024] 3. The reef bottom cushion layer, the hollowed-out rock pile layer, and the island surface leveling layer all use artificial pebbles made from crushed construction waste through molding. This can solve the problem of the huge supply of land reclamation materials. At the same time, the use of construction waste is also conducive to the green, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development of the construction industry.

[0025] 4. This invention is particularly applicable to land reclamation areas that are shallow seas or lagoons facing near-shore reefs and where hydrodynamic forces are relatively weak, with a corresponding water depth of less than 20 meters. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological island-building method for land reclamation according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structural schematic of a land reclamation unit with an ecological island-building hollow rockfill layer.

[0029] In the diagram: 10. Reef base cushion layer;

[0030] 20. Perforated rockfill layer; 21. Reclamation unit; 211. Outer shell layer; 212. Structural layer; 213. Filling layer; 214. Inherent connectors; 215. Support frame; 216. Through hole; 22. Void;

[0031] 30. Island surface leveling layer;

[0032] 40. Construct a concrete island surface later;

[0033] 201. Reef bottom; 202. Nearshore reef edge waters; 203. Shallow sea or lagoon waters. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown in the illustration, an ecological island construction method for land reclamation provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes, from bottom to top, a reef base layer 10, a perforated rockfill layer 20, an island surface leveling layer 30, and a post-constructed concrete island surface 40. The ecological island construction method of the present invention is applicable to land reclamation areas that are shallow seas or lagoonal areas 203 facing near-shore reef edges where hydrodynamic forces are relatively weak, corresponding to water depths of less than 20 meters.

[0036] The reef bottom cushion layer 10 is laid on the reef bottom 201. It is made of small-diameter artificial pebbles with reasonable gradation and is laid in the sea. It plays a role in treating the weak foundation of the reef bottom and diffusing stress.

[0037] The hollowed-out rock layer 20 is laid on the reef bottom cushion layer 10 and is formed by the natural sinking and accumulation of large-diameter reclamation units 21. The reclamation unit 21 is an artificial pebble with a through hole 216 in the middle, which can work together with the gap 22 formed by the accumulation of reclamation unit 21 to provide a shelter and enrichment environment for zooplankton, fish and other organisms in the area, forming an ecological island core that integrates structural support and ecological fishery enrichment functions.

[0038] The island leveling layer 30 is laid on the perforated rockfill layer 20. It is made of reasonably graded small-diameter artificial pebbles and is bonded and fixed with concrete adhesive, thereby filling the gaps 22 of the lower perforated rockfill layer 20 and providing a closed space for the subsequent pouring and shaping of the island surface concrete. The island leveling layer 30 achieves bonding and leveling with the lower perforated rockfill layer 20, and the corresponding pebbles are also used as supporting aggregate for the upper post-constructed concrete island surface 40.

[0039] The post-constructed concrete island surface 40 is constructed by pouring concrete onto the surface of the island surface leveling layer 30 and allowing it to penetrate into the lower island surface leveling layer 30. It mixes and solidifies with the graded artificial pebbles within the layer to form a reclaimed island surface that can be exposed above the sea surface.

[0040] Further optimization involves molding the artificial pebbles in the reef bottom cushion layer 10, the hollowed-out rockfill layer 20, and the island surface leveling layer 30 from crushed construction waste. Using crushed construction waste addresses the issue of the enormous supply of land reclamation materials; relying solely on natural materials like stone would result in insufficient material storage. Furthermore, the use of construction waste also reflects considerations of green environmental protection and sustainable development in the construction industry.

[0041] Further optimization involves using artificial pebbles with a particle size of not less than 0.3m for the reef bottom cushion layer 10, and the thickness of the reef bottom cushion layer 10 is between 0.5m and 1m.

[0042] Further optimization, such as Figure 2As shown, the reclamation unit 21 of the hollow rockfill layer 20 includes an outer shell layer 211, a middle structural layer 212, and an inner filling layer 213. The outer shell layer 211 is made of neutral materials (such as alkali-free or medium-alkali glass fiber, carbon fiber, plexiglass, etc.) to ensure that the seabed water quality and related environmental indicators are not affected after the reclamation unit 21 sinks to the bottom. The structural layer 212 is made of high-performance corrosion-resistant materials to withstand the head pressure after the reclamation unit 21 sinks to the bottom, the pressure transmitted by the unit stacking, and the mutual collision force. The outer shell layer 211 completely covers the outside of the structural layer 212, forming a fully enclosed cavity inside. The filling layer 213 uses the fully enclosed cavity formed by the structural layer 212 to fill crushed construction waste. Under the stable stacking state after sinking to the bottom, each reclamation unit 21 needs to ensure that there are certain gaps between the units, which can provide a complex underwater environment that can guarantee ecological functions, such as shelter and enrichment of small fish schools, for shallow seas or lagoons with weak hydrodynamic effects. The reclamation unit 21 has a through hole 216 in the middle, which saves filling material and enriches the complexity of the underwater environment created by the reclamation unit 21. Together with the inter-unit space, it forms an interconnected flow channel, which can provide a place for plankton and small fish to reproduce, grow and shelter from predators.

[0043] Further optimization, please continue to refer to Figure 2 The reclamation unit 21 also includes a support frame 215, which is located in the fully enclosed cavity enclosed by the structural layer 212. The support frame 215 is a triangular pyramid structure system, and the four vertices are connected and fixed to the structural layer 212 through inherent connectors 214 to ensure the spatial resistance of the unit as a whole to pressure.

[0044] Further optimization involves adding ribs to the surface of the support frame 215, which meshes well with the filling material of its surrounding filling layer 213, together forming the rigidity of the reclamation unit 21 structure under high pressure conditions.

[0045] Further optimization involves the through-holes 216 of reclamation unit 21 having a diameter exceeding 0.4m, allowing small marine fish to swim and move freely within them, providing space for fish to freely migrate, gather, and seek shelter from predators. The particle size of reclamation unit 21 is not less than 1.5m.

[0046] Further optimization involves a shell surface layer 211 with a thickness greater than 0.2 μm and a microporous structure on its surface, which can create an environment conducive to the enrichment of microorganisms and plankton.

[0047] Further optimization resulted in a near-spherical structural layer 212 with a thickness ranging from 0.01m to 0.02m.

[0048] Further optimization involves filling layer 213, which serves as the main bottom ballast for the reclamation unit. Its weight exceeds 1000 kg, ensuring the stability of the unit under weak water flow.

[0049] Further optimization involves stacking the 20 hollowed-out rockfill layers in layers, with the range of each layer decreasing progressively, so that the 20 hollowed-out rockfill layers as a whole form a reef slope protection of 45 to 50 degrees.

[0050] Further optimization resulted in the following gradation for the island leveling layer 30: >20cm artificial pebbles: 10-20cm artificial pebbles: 5-10cm artificial pebbles: <5cm artificial pebbles = 12:33:23:32.

[0051] Accordingly, this invention also proposes an ecological island-building method, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Remove the gravel and silt from the selected reclamation area and a certain range around the reef, and replace it with artificial pebbles to form a reef bottom cushion layer 10. After regional compaction, the artificial pebbles are placed on the reef limestone bearing layer with a dense and stable surface, forming a foundation with bearing capacity.

[0053] Step 2: To ensure the stability and bearing capacity of the reef bottom cushion layer 10 under hydrodynamic action, piles are added at the outer edge of the laying range, and crushed stone with a particle size of not less than 0.3m is fixed within the range of the foundation piles using gabion mesh.

[0054] Step 3: Stack the artificial pebble reclamation unit 21 in layers from the outside to the inside along the pile range, with the range of each layer decreasing gradually, so that the hollowed-out pebble layer 20 forms a reef slope of 45 to 50 degrees as a whole, while ensuring that the through holes 216 of each reclamation unit 21 are not blocked, thus forming the hollowed-out pebble layer 20.

[0055] Step 4: After the hollowed-out rockfill layer 20 is laid, a temporary enclosure is added to the top layer. The inside of the enclosure is densely filled with graded artificial pebbles and concrete binder to seal the gaps in the top layer reclamation unit 21 and form the island surface leveling layer 30.

[0056] Step 5: Finally, pour concrete on the surface of the island leveling layer 30 and fully vibrate it together with the graded artificial pebbles of the island leveling layer 30 to form a land reclamation concrete island surface that can be exposed above the sea surface.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological island-building method for land reclamation, characterized in that, It includes the following layers laid from bottom to top: reef bottom cushion layer (10), hollow rock pile layer (20), island surface leveling layer (30), and post-constructed concrete island surface (40). The reef bottom cushion layer (10) is laid on the bottom of the reef and is made of artificial pebbles thrown into the sea; The hollowed-out rock pile layer (20) is laid on the reef bottom cushion layer (10) and is formed by the natural sinking and accumulation of the reclamation unit (21) after being thrown into the sea. The reclamation unit (21) is an artificial pebble with a through hole (216) in the middle. The reclamation unit (21) includes an outer shell layer (211), a middle structural layer (212) and an inner filling layer (213). The outer shell layer (211) is made of neutral material to ensure that the seabed water quality and related environmental indicators are not affected after the reclamation unit sinks to the bottom. The structural layer (212) is made of high-performance corrosion-resistant material to withstand the water head pressure after the reclamation unit sinks to the bottom, the pressure transmitted by the unit stacking and the mutual collision force. The outer shell layer (211) is completely covered by the structural layer (211) and forms a fully enclosed cavity inside. The filling layer (213) uses the fully enclosed cavity formed by the structural layer (212) to fill crushed construction waste. The island leveling layer (30) is laid on the hollow rock pile layer (20) and is fixed by artificial pebbles through concrete adhesive, thereby filling the gaps (22) of the lower hollow rock pile layer (20) and providing a closed space for the subsequent concrete island surface (40) to be cast and formed. The post-constructed concrete island surface (40) is constructed by pouring concrete onto the surface of the island surface leveling layer (30) and allowing it to penetrate into the lower island surface leveling layer (30). It mixes and solidifies with the graded artificial pebbles within the layer to form a reclaimed island surface that can be exposed above the sea surface.

2. The ecological island construction method for land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The artificial pebbles in the reef bottom cushion layer (10), the hollowed-out pile stone layer (20), and the island surface leveling layer (30) are made from crushed construction waste through molding.

3. The ecological island construction method for land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reef bottom cushion layer (10) is made of artificial pebbles with a particle size of not less than 0.3m, and the thickness of the reef bottom cushion layer (10) is 0.5~1m.

4. The ecological island construction method for land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reclamation unit also includes a support frame (215), which is located in a fully enclosed cavity enclosed by the structural layer (212). The support frame (215) is a triangular pyramid structure system, and the four vertices are connected and fixed to the structural layer (212) through inherent connectors (214).

5. The ecological island construction for land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the through hole (216) of the reclamation unit (21) exceeds 0.4m, and the particle size of the reclamation unit (21) is not less than 1.5m.

6. The ecological island construction for land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollowed-out rock pile layer (20) is stacked in layers, and the range of each layer decreases layer by layer, so that the hollowed-out rock pile layer (20) as a whole forms a reef slope protection of 45~50°.

7. The ecological island construction method for land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gradation of the island surface leveling layer (30) is: >20cm artificial pebbles: 10~20cm artificial pebbles: 5~10cm artificial pebbles: <5cm artificial pebbles = 12:33:23:

32.

8. The ecological island construction for land reclamation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological island construction is applicable to the reclamation area in the shallow sea or lagoon area (203) facing the near-shore reef sea area (202) where the hydrodynamic effect is relatively weak, and the corresponding water depth is less than 20 meters.

9. The construction method for ecological island building for land reclamation according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Remove the gravel and silt from the selected reclamation area and a certain range around the reef, and replace it with artificial pebbles to form a reef bottom cushion layer (10). After regional compaction, the artificial pebbles are placed on the reef limestone bearing layer with a dense and stable surface, forming a foundation with bearing capacity. Step 2: In order to ensure the stability and bearing capacity of the reef bottom cushion layer (10) under hydrodynamic action, piles are added at the outer edge of the laying range, and the crushed stone is fixed within the range of the foundation piles with gabion nets. Step 3: Stack the artificial pebble reclamation units (21) in layers from the outside to the inside along the pile range, with each layer decreasing in range, so that the hollowed-out rock pile layer (20) forms a reef slope of 45~50° as a whole, while ensuring that the through holes (216) of each reclamation unit (21) are not blocked, thus forming a hollowed-out rock pile layer (20). Step 4: After the hollowed-out rockfill layer (20) is laid, a temporary enclosure is added to the top layer. The layer is filled with graded artificial pebbles and concrete binder to seal the gaps in the top layer reclamation unit (21) and form the island leveling layer (30). Step 5: Finally, pour concrete on the surface of the island leveling layer (30) and fully vibrate it with the graded artificial pebbles of the island leveling layer (30) to form a concrete island surface (40) that can be exposed above the sea surface after land reclamation.

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