Communication method, device, serving node, communication system, and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a communication method, device, service node, communication system and storage medium. The method collects radio frequency energy by receiving a radio frequency signal of a radio frequency energy source node; and transmits information to a service node based on the radio frequency energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, such as a communication method, device, service node, communication system, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been widely applied in many fields, such as smart grids, smart parking, intelligent transportation, and smart energy management systems, driving the upgrading and transformation of various industries. However, this has also presented more challenges for IoT technology. For example, the sheer number of devices involved in the IoT necessitates reducing equipment costs; furthermore, in some scenarios, integrating power supplies into devices is unsuitable for security reasons; or, even if power supplies are integrated, the diverse business models mean that the available power is far from sufficient, and the large number and wide distribution of devices require significant manpower and resources to charge or replace their batteries. Therefore, considering factors such as equipment energy consumption, equipment cost, and deployment and maintenance costs, the application of IoT is greatly limited. How to achieve efficient and reliable communication using energy-limited devices has become an urgent problem to be solved in improving the applicability and communication efficiency of IoT. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a communication method, device, service node, communication system, and storage medium.

[0004] This application provides a communication method, including:

[0005] Radio frequency energy is collected by receiving radio frequency signals from radio frequency energy source nodes;

[0006] Information is transmitted to the service node based on the radio frequency energy.

[0007] This application also provides a communication method, including:

[0008] Send signals from the service node to the device;

[0009] Receive information from the device based on radio frequency energy transmission.

[0010] This application also provides an apparatus, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-described communication method.

[0011] This application embodiment also provides a service node, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-described communication method.

[0012] This application also provides a communication system, including: a radio frequency power source node, the above-described device, and the above-described service node;

[0013] The service node is connected to both the radio frequency energy source node and the device.

[0014] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described communication method. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating communication between a device and a service node according to one embodiment.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another method of communication between a device and a service node, provided as an embodiment.

[0017] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating communication between a device and a service node, provided as an embodiment;

[0018] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in one embodiment;

[0019] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in one embodiment;

[0021] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a device provided in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a service node provided in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present application will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and not intended to limit it. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be arbitrarily combined with each other. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present application, not the entire structure.

[0026] This application provides a communication method applicable to any of the following types of devices: passive devices, battery-free devices, devices with rechargeable batteries, and devices capable of storing energy. The device in this embodiment is a device node with radio frequency energy harvesting and information transmission / reception capabilities. It can harvest energy from radio frequency signals in the surrounding environment, which can be used to charge or store its own battery, or directly use the acquired energy to modulate data to be transmitted for communication with a service node or other devices in the network. The device may include:

[0027] Radio frequency energy harvester: It consists of radio frequency antenna, impedance matching, voltage multiplier and capacitor, etc., and is used to receive radio frequency signals and convert them into electrical energy;

[0028] Low-power radio frequency transceivers: used for sending or receiving information;

[0029] Power Management Module: This module determines whether to store the electrical energy harvested by the RF energy harvester or use it immediately for data transmission. For example, the power management module can operate in two modes: harvest-use and harvest-store-use (the latter requiring a power storage device or rechargeable battery). In harvest-use mode, the harvested energy is immediately used to power the device. For the device to function properly, the converted electrical energy must exceed the energy requirements of the device node; otherwise, the device will be disabled. In harvest-store-use mode, when the harvested energy exceeds the consumed energy, the energy is stored in a power storage device or rechargeable battery for later use.

[0030] In the collect-use mode, the device can directly reflect the received radio frequency signal and use it to modulate the data to be transmitted by adjusting its antenna impedance; this is called backscattering (also known as reverse scattering or backscattering). In this mode, energy is collected and used immediately, and the transmitted signal is called a backscattered signal. IoT devices that support backscattering technology can be truly passive, meaning they have no built-in battery and receive and transmit information by absorbing the energy of the excitation signal and directly converting it.

[0031] The communication method provided in this application can be applied to passive Internet of Things (IoT) based on cellular networks. Depending on the deployment location of the radio frequency power source node, passive IoT based on cellular networks can be deployed in various ways.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating communication between a device and a service node according to one embodiment. Figure 1As shown, the radio frequency (RF) power source node is an independent network element used to provide RF power to the device, enabling communication between the device and the service node. The RF power source node can be a dedicated RF power source, and the service node in the cellular network can control it, such as setting the operating frequency band and controlling the transmit power. The RF power source node can also be a node in other networks outside of cellular networks, such as a television or broadcast television tower or a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) access point.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating communication between another device and a service node, as provided in one embodiment. Figure 2 As shown, radio frequency power source nodes can be integrated with cellular network service nodes, such as those located on base stations or relay nodes.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating communication between a device and a service node, as provided in one embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, radio frequency power source nodes can be integrated with user equipment (UE) or other devices. In this case, a device can also obtain energy from other nearby devices, thereby improving energy harvesting efficiency. Furthermore, by supporting multi-hop operation—meaning passive IoT devices can transmit information to other nearby devices (which can be active or passive)—communication range can be extended.

[0035] The distance between the device and the radio frequency energy source node is within a certain range to ensure energy collection efficiency. In this embodiment, in the passive Internet of Things deployment based on cellular network, there is an energy collection area, which is usually smaller than the information transmission area.

[0036] Figure 4 A flowchart of a communication method provided in one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the method provided in this embodiment includes steps 110 and 120.

[0037] In step 110, radio frequency energy is collected by receiving radio frequency signals from the radio frequency energy source node.

[0038] In step 120, information is transmitted to the service node based on the radio frequency energy.

[0039] In this embodiment, the radio frequency (RF) power source node can be an independent network element or integrated into a neighboring device of the service node or device. If the RF power source node is an independent network element, its operating frequency band and transmit power can be controlled by the service node. If the RF power source node is integrated into the service node, the signal sent from the service node to the device can serve as the RF signal of the RF power source node. The device receives the RF signal and converts it into electrical energy, which can be stored or directly backscattered to provide RF energy for information transmission. The service node can refer to a base station, relay node, or access point (AP) in a cellular network. The transmission information sent by the device to the service node carries communication data or information (e.g., security codes during registration, device identifiers, and information related to the reported device location). The transmission information can be a signal (which can carry relatively simple communication data or information) or signaling (which can carry more complex communication data or information).

[0040] In this embodiment, the communication method allows the device to collect radio frequency energy from the radio frequency energy source node to provide energy support for communication with the service node, thereby achieving efficient and reliable communication and improving the applicability and communication efficiency of the Internet of Things.

[0041] In one embodiment, the communication method is applied to at least one of the following devices: a passive device, a battery-free device, a device with a rechargeable battery, or a device capable of storing energy.

[0042] In one embodiment, the transmitted information includes a backscattered signal from the device to the service node.

[0043] In this embodiment, for the collection-use mode, the device can directly reflect the received radio frequency signal by adjusting its antenna impedance and use it to modulate the data to be transmitted to obtain a backscattered signal.

[0044] In one embodiment, transmitting information to a service node based on the radio frequency energy includes:

[0045] The radio frequency energy is accumulated; if the accumulated radio frequency energy exceeds a preset threshold, information is transmitted to the service node; or...

[0046] A backscattered signal is generated based on the accumulated radio frequency energy, and the backscattered signal is sent to the service node.

[0047] In this embodiment, for the collection-use mode, the device can directly reflect the received radio frequency signal and use it to modulate the data to be transmitted by adjusting its antenna impedance to obtain a backscattered signal; while for the collection-storage-use mode, the device can accumulate energy and use the accumulated radio frequency energy to transmit information when the accumulated radio frequency energy exceeds a preset threshold, wherein the preset threshold can be determined according to actual needs.

[0048] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0049] Step 1110: Select a code sequence for transmitting information based on at least one of the following: information intercepted from the service node to the device; device identifier (ID).

[0050] In this embodiment, there are multiple code sequences that can be used to transmit information. The device can select one code sequence to transmit information based on the information received from the service node to the device and / or the device ID.

[0051] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0052] Step 1120: Determine the set of code sequences based on the information intercepted from the service node to the device;

[0053] Step 1130: Select a code sequence for transmitting information from the set of code sequences according to one of the following methods:

[0054] Randomly select a code sequence from the set of code sequences;

[0055] Select a code sequence from the code sequence set based on the device's device ID.

[0056] In this embodiment, there are multiple code sequences that can be used to transmit information. The device can select available code sequences to form a code sequence set based on the information received from the service node to the device, and then randomly select one from it, or select one from it based on the device ID for transmitting information.

[0057] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0058] Step 1140: Before transmitting information to the service node, or during the process of transmitting information to the service node, transmit a security code to the service node.

[0059] In this embodiment, a security code can also be maintained between the device and the service node. The device transmits the security code to the service node to complete registration and ensure the security of communication between the device and the service node. The security code can be sent simultaneously with the transmitted information, or it can be sent by the device to the service node before the transmitted information.

[0060] In one embodiment, the security code includes at least one of the following: the device ID of the device, the ID pre-stored by the device, and the security code assigned by the service node received by the device.

[0061] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0062] Step 130: Determine the transmission method of communication data based on the physical characteristics of the wireless channel between the device and the service node.

[0063] In this embodiment, due to the dual role of radio frequency signals in transmitting information and energy, and the possible use of simple modulation and coding techniques, the transmission security of passive IoT may be vulnerable to attacks, such as eavesdropping, or malicious interception or tampering of transmitted information. By utilizing the physical characteristics of wireless channels, such as multipath fading and propagation delay, to determine the transmission method of communication data, the security of the physical layer can be improved.

[0064] In one embodiment, the communication data transmission method includes at least one of the following: the communication data is transmitted in a signal from the device to the service node; the communication data is transmitted along with signaling from the device to the service node; the communication data is transmitted in a signal from the service node to the device; the communication data is transmitted along with signaling from the service node to the device; the data transmission requires feedback; the data transmission does not require feedback.

[0065] In this embodiment, uplink mainly refers to the transmission direction from the device to the service node, and downlink mainly refers to the transmission direction from the service node to the device. "Requires feedback" means that the receiving end needs to return confirmation information to the sending end after successfully receiving or decoding the communication data; "Does not require feedback" means that the receiving end does not need to return confirmation information to the sending end after successfully receiving or decoding the communication data.

[0066] In one embodiment, the method further includes: establishing communication with the service node using a non-orthogonal multiple access method;

[0067] Establishing communication with the service node using a non-orthogonal multiple access method includes at least one of the following:

[0068] Communication is established with the service node using a non-orthogonal multiple access method based on backscattered signal power differences;

[0069] Communication is established with the service node using a time-domain extended non-orthogonal code, wherein the non-orthogonal code is used to distinguish devices.

[0070] For example, the method further includes: step 1150: establishing communication with the service node according to a non-orthogonal multiple access method based on backscatter signal power difference.

[0071] In this embodiment, a non-orthogonal multiple access method is adopted, which can allocate one resource to multiple users. Non-orthogonal multiple access based on backscattered signal power difference mainly refers to effectively distinguishing different users according to the power (energy) of different backscattered signals, thereby realizing the allocation of one resource to multiple users, which can increase the number of users accessing and improve the system capacity of passive Internet of Things.

[0072] Non-orthogonal multiple access, such as Multi-User Shared Access (MUSA), can eliminate multiple access interference at the receiving end (i.e., the serving node). In the received signal, users can be prioritized for interference elimination based on their signal power. The serving node can allocate different signal powers to different users to achieve maximum system performance gain and differentiate between users. In this embodiment, interference from various factors during energy harvesting and information transmission, particularly the distance to the radio frequency energy source, can significantly affect the energy harvesting and transmission power of devices employing energy harvesting or backscattering technologies. Therefore, it can be combined with non-orthogonal multiple access. The serving node can act as a receiver of the backscattered signal, largely unaffected by power consumption and cost, making complex multiple access schemes feasible.

[0073] For example, the method further includes: step 1160: establishing communication with the service node using a time-domain extended non-orthogonal code; wherein the non-orthogonal code is used to distinguish devices.

[0074] In this embodiment, a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approach is used, allowing a single resource to be allocated to multiple users. NOMA based on time-domain extension primarily refers to varying the encoding length of transmitted information from the perspective of time-domain resources, thereby effectively distinguishing different users and achieving improvements in coverage, efficiency, and capacity. Time-domain extension can also increase signal transmission power. Furthermore, time-domain extension can avoid the waste of time-domain resources caused by time-domain conflict avoidance, and non-orthogonal codes can better suppress interference between users. In one embodiment, the encoding method for communication data between the device and the service node is binary on-off keying (OOK).

[0075] In this embodiment, a simpler encoding and modulation technique from the device to the service node is employed to reduce the power consumption of the passive terminal, especially to meet the low power consumption requirements of the transmitter. For example, a special case of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), OOK encoding, can be used. This encoding method can ensure a certain level of detection reliability for low-power signals and can effectively reduce the power consumption of both the transmitter and receiver.

[0076] Furthermore, higher-performance coding and modulation techniques, though with complexity primarily located at the demodulation end (i.e., the service node), can be employed to ensure low power consumption in passive terminals. A low-complexity yet efficient backscattered data transmission channel from the device to the service node can also be designed. Building upon this, and under the premise of low-cost and low-complexity hardware design, the focus is on improving anti-interference capabilities, extending the transmission distance (from the device to the service node), and further increasing the data rate (from the device to the service node).

[0077] In one embodiment, the method further includes: step 140: determining environment-related information of the device based on at least one of the following:

[0078] The device listens to signals from the service node to the device;

[0079] The quality of the signal from the service node to the device that the device listens for;

[0080] The energy intensity of the signal from the service node to the device is detected by the device;

[0081] The quality of the environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device;

[0082] The energy intensity of the environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device;

[0083] The number of environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device.

[0084] In this embodiment, the signal from the service node to the device mainly refers to the signal sent by the service node. The environmental signal can be the signal sent by terminals other than the service node in the environment where the device is located. The surrounding signal can be the signal sent by devices (which can be devices or active devices) within a set range around the device. For example, if the device has a strong ability to collect radio frequency energy, or requires a lot of radio frequency energy, then in addition to the signal from the service node to the device, the device can also listen to environmental signals or surrounding signals to collect more radio frequency energy.

[0085] In one embodiment, the method further includes: step 150: determining the device's environment-related information by at least one of the following methods:

[0086] Continuously monitor signals from the service node to the device;

[0087] Continuously monitor environmental or surrounding signals;

[0088] The duty cycle method is used to monitor signals from the service node to the device;

[0089] Use duty cycle mode to monitor environmental or surrounding signals;

[0090] The system monitors signals from the service node to the device using a preset mode.

[0091] The system uses a configured mode to listen for signals from the service node to the device.

[0092] It uses a preset mode to monitor environmental or surrounding signals;

[0093] Use the configured mode to listen for ambient or surrounding signals.

[0094] In this embodiment, various methods can be used to monitor signals from the service node to the device, environmental signals, or surrounding signals. For example, continuous monitoring can enable the device to collect as much radio frequency energy as possible. Another method is to use duty cycle monitoring, where a higher duty cycle results in more radio frequency energy being collected. The duty cycle can be flexibly adjusted. The monitoring mode can also be preset or configured by the service node or passive terminal.

[0095] In one embodiment, the environment-related information includes one of the following: information about the location of the device; the positional relationship between the device and the energy harvesting area; the number of adjacent devices of the device; and the positional relationship between the adjacent devices of the device and the device.

[0096] In this embodiment, environmental information can help the device determine its location, whether it has reached the energy harvesting area, the number or distribution of adjacent devices, etc. Based on this, the device can adjust the monitoring method or mode, increase or decrease the types of signals being monitored, and select the best radio frequency energy source, making the device more flexible in collecting radio frequency energy, ensuring that the device has a reliable energy source, and improving the reliability of communication.

[0097] In one embodiment, the method further includes: 1610: if the device is located at the edge of the energy harvesting area, then the device reports location-related information to the service node.

[0098] In this embodiment, if environmental information obtained by listening to various signals indicates that the device is located at the edge of the energy harvesting area, the device can report location-related information to the service node, such as the device's location or whether the device is located within or outside the energy harvesting area.

[0099] In one embodiment, the method further includes: step 1620: performing cell selection or cell reselection based on the environmental information.

[0100] In this embodiment, the device can determine whether the cell has changed based on environmental information, and select or reselect the cell accordingly to obtain a better radio frequency power source and communication quality.

[0101] In one embodiment, the method further includes: step 1630: controlling the local clock to keep synchronized with the clock of the service node based on the environment-related information.

[0102] In this embodiment, the device can determine the distance and positional relationship with the service node based on environmental information, thereby adjusting the local clock to maintain synchronization with the clock of the service node.

[0103] In one embodiment, the device’s Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer uses a connectionless method for data transmission.

[0104] In this embodiment, the connection control function of the device's RRC layer can be simplified. For example, the device can directly carry communication data in the backscatter signal from the device to the service node, eliminating the processes of RRC connection establishment, RRC connection recovery, and RRC connection release, and focusing on the data transmission process.

[0105] In one embodiment, the device's scheduling layer supports a scheduling algorithm based on energy state correlation factors; the energy state correlation factors include at least one of the following: the absolute value of the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device; a determination value for whether the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device exceeds a preset threshold; and the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device.

[0106] In this embodiment, the resource scheduling algorithm is optimized. Since the device uses energy harvesting technology, traditional scheduling methods may not be able to guarantee fairness while simultaneously meeting energy harvesting requirements. For example, for data decoding, traditional scheduling algorithms primarily consider the optimal channel state. However, a device with the optimal channel state may not necessarily have the strongest or highest quality energy harvested or reflected. This embodiment, by incorporating energy state-related factors into resource and user scheduling rules, can select the optimal channel for the device that balances information transmission and energy harvesting, rationally scheduling resources, improving resource utilization, and ensuring communication quality.

[0107] The energy state-related factor can be the absolute value of the strength of the signal (i.e., the radio frequency signal sent by the RF energy source node and the service node combined) or the energy signal (i.e., the radio frequency signal sent by the RF energy source node as an independent network element) from the service node to the device; whether the strength of the signal or energy signal from the service node to the device exceeds the preset threshold; and the strength of the downlink signal or energy signal.

[0108] In one embodiment, the device supports a two-layer protocol stack; wherein the first-layer protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: listening to signals from the service node to the device, collecting radio frequency energy, modulating backscattered signals, listening to positioning signals, and performing positioning procedures; the second-layer protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: mobility management, data transmission management, and performing positioning procedures.

[0109] In this embodiment, the device can support a two-layer protocol stack, which includes a physical layer and a higher layer (also known as a merging layer or intermediate layer, etc.).

[0110] In one embodiment, data transmission management includes at least one of the following functions: segmentation of communication data, reassembly of communication data, concatenation of communication data, and quality of service management.

[0111] Passive IoT applications typically have very low data rates and do not require packet fragmentation and reassembly. This embodiment simplifies the protocol stack functionality. For example, it allows higher-level protocol stacks (i.e., the second-layer protocol stack) to include protocol layers capable of providing functions such as data segmentation, reassembly, concatenation, and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. These include layers such as the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP). By selecting and simplifying these protocol layers, the overhead of data encapsulation can be reduced. Furthermore, higher-level protocol stacks can use connectionless methods for data transmission, or they can directly schedule data packets.

[0112] In one embodiment, the device is in one of the following states: listening to signals or energy signals from the service node to the device, transmitting information, or registering a device ID or security code.

[0113] In this embodiment, during registration, the device may only transmit the device ID or security code, without needing to transmit communication data or other information.

[0114] In one embodiment, the state of the device can change according to a preset mode, or the state of the device can be indicated by the service node by sending a signal from the service node to the device.

[0115] This application also provides a communication method that can be applied to a service node, such as a base station, access point, or relay node. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in any of the above embodiments.

[0116] Figure 5 A flowchart of a communication method provided in one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the method provided in this embodiment includes steps 210 and 220.

[0117] Step 210: Send a signal from the service node to the device.

[0118] Step 220: Receive information from the device based on radio frequency energy transmission.

[0119] In this embodiment of the communication method, the service node can receive transmission information sent by the device using collected radio frequency energy and send signals to the device, achieving efficient and reliable communication between the devices and improving the applicability and communication efficiency of the Internet of Things. The device in this embodiment can refer to one or more of the following: passive device, battery-free device, device with a rechargeable battery, or device capable of storing energy.

[0120] In one embodiment, the radio frequency energy is collected based on the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency energy source node, or the radio frequency energy is collected based on the signal from the service node to the device.

[0121] In this embodiment, if the radio frequency energy source node is an independent network element, the radio frequency energy of the device is collected based on the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency energy source node; if the radio frequency energy is integrated with the service node, the signal sent from the service node to the device by the service node can be used as the source of the device's radio frequency energy.

[0122] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0123] Step 230: Control the operating parameters of the radio frequency power source node, the operating parameters including at least one of the following: frequency band, transmit power, operating mode; wherein, the operating mode includes the method of starting and / or stopping power transmission.

[0124] In one embodiment, sending a signal from the service node to the device includes:

[0125] A set beamforming mechanism is used to send signals from the service node to the device, wherein the beam width is less than a set threshold, or the beam width is determined according to a preset rule and a set threshold.

[0126] In this embodiment, the serving node can act as a radio frequency (RF) power source. That is, the RF power source node can be integrated with the serving node. By optimizing the signal from the serving node to the device, the energy harvesting efficiency of the device can be improved. For example, a dedicated energy transmission signal can be used for the device to harvest RF energy, or the signal from the serving node to the device used in the cellular network can be reused.

[0127] In this embodiment, when reusing signals from the service node to the device, an optimized beaming mechanism is adopted, such as controlling the beam width to narrow it, so that energy is concentrated, improving the directivity of the signal from the service node to the device, improving energy carrying efficiency, providing a reliable energy source for the device, and reducing reception conflicts between devices.

[0128] In this embodiment, the signal from the service node to the device can simultaneously carry energy and transmission information from the service node to the device. In this case, OOK coding technology can be used to reduce power consumption at both the transmitter and receiver. The corresponding operating frequency band can be either the New Radio-Unlicensed (NR-U) band or the NR licensed band. Generally, higher operating frequencies require more complex designs and higher power consumption for activating the RF circuitry. It should be noted that for backscattered signals, the backscattering transmitter antenna does not require activating the RF circuitry; therefore, even operating at high frequencies, this power consumption is negligible, and thus, a higher frequency can be considered.

[0129] In one embodiment, the signal sent from the service node to the device is for at least one of the following:

[0130] It transmits radio frequency energy to the device; transmits communication data to the device; and carries feedback information corresponding to the backscattered signal.

[0131] In this embodiment, to avoid communication failures caused by collisions, for devices with energy storage capabilities, the device can first send a request, and then the service node can send a signal carrying energy and / or data from the service node to the device. The device can periodically and directionally receive energy and backscatter the transmission signal from the device to the service node. In addition, the signal sent by the service node from the service node to the device can also carry feedback information about whether the backscattered signal from the device to the service node has been correctly demodulated.

[0132] In one embodiment, the method further includes step 240:

[0133] The device is located based on at least one of the following: the power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the received signal from the service node to the device fed back by the device; or...

[0134] The location server is transmitted with at least one of the following: the power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the signal received from the service node to the device as feedback by the device; or...

[0135] The power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the signal received from the service node to the device fed back by the device are transmitted to the core network node, which then transmits them to the positioning server.

[0136] In this embodiment, for the fusion of the radio frequency energy source node and the serving node, since the device acts as a transmitter, it can directly use the energy of the signal received from the serving base station from the serving node to the device for modulation and then transmission of information. Furthermore, the energy of this downlink signal is strongly correlated with the distance between the transmitter and the serving node. Therefore, the energy of the modulated backscattered signal can reflect the distance between the transmitter and the serving node. Accordingly, the serving node can determine the distance of the device from the serving node, or even the specific location of the device, by detecting the power (or energy intensity) of the backscattered signal received from the device to the serving node, thus achieving device localization. The serving node can locate the device based on the power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the serving node to the device, and / or the energy value of the signal received from the serving node to the device as feedback from the device. Alternatively, it can transmit this information to a positioning server for device localization, or it can transmit it to a core network node, which then transmits it to the positioning server.

[0137] In one embodiment, the method further includes step 250: scheduling resources based on at least one of the following information:

[0138] The device's ability to collect radio frequency energy; the device's ability to reflect radio frequency energy; the energy intensity of the received signal from the device to the service node; the energy intensity of the received backscattered signal; and whether the intensity of the signal or energy signal from the device to the service node exceeds a preset threshold.

[0139] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0140] Step 200: Send status indication information to the device, the status including one of the following: the status of listening to signals or energy signals from the service node to the device, the status of transmitting information, and the registration status of transmitting security codes.

[0141] In one embodiment, receiving information transmitted by the receiving device based on radio frequency energy includes: receiving information transmitted by the device based on data packets.

[0142] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0143] Step 212: Receive the device ID or security code of the device;

[0144] Step 214: Transmit the device ID or security code to the core network node, or transmit the device ID or security code and the ID of the service node to the core network node.

[0145] In one embodiment, the method further includes: step 260: transmitting the security code received from the core network node to the device.

[0146] In this embodiment, a mobility management mechanism that only involves interaction between the serving node and the core network and is almost transparent to the devices can be considered. For example, devices can be grouped and registered with one or more dedicated core network elements, establishing a mapping relationship between two or more of the following information: dedicated network element identifier, serving node identifier, device group identifier, and device ID. During movement, the device is unaware of the cell ID; it can reflect or store energy whenever it receives a signal from the serving node, without distinguishing the source of the signal. After receiving the transmission information (which can be a signal from the device to the serving node or a backscattered signal), the serving node distinguishes the device based on at least one of the following information and routes its signal to a dedicated element for processing: non-orthogonal code, device ID, and the direction and / or strength of the transmission information.

[0147] In one embodiment, to meet the need for managing a massive number of devices, given the vast number and simple functions of passive IoT devices, dedicated network elements can be introduced into the core network to manage their subscription or user information. For example, dedicated network elements can be used for device registration, authentication, and authorization, thereby ensuring network-side security.

[0148] Furthermore, transmission management can be optimized to provide bearer optimization and QoS guarantees. For example, control plane and user plane signaling procedures can be eliminated, and a packet-based transmission management mechanism can be implemented. This means that the core network does not need to establish control plane and / or user plane bearers for each device; the core network can directly route each received data packet to the application layer based on the information contained in the data packet or the information indicated by the serving node. Additionally, mobility management can be optimized, such as mobility policy optimization.

[0149] This embodiment of the communication method addresses the problems existing in passive Internet of Things (IoT) by providing a passive IoT based on a cellular system, which can meet the following key requirements:

[0150] Enhanced coverage: Extends communication distance to tens of meters or even more, unaffected by obstructions, and allows for flexible network architecture and physical layer design;

[0151] Enhanced transmission efficiency: Improved data transmission rate, including physical layer design based on backscattering technology and simplification based on the cellular system air interface protocol stack, such as reducing user data encapsulation overhead;

[0152] Enhanced access capacity: Combined with advanced multiple access technologies in cellular networks, such as non-orthogonal access multiple access, it supports more efficient multi-user multiplexing access and optimizes the balance between power consumption and performance;

[0153] Enhanced user management: such as optimized transmission management, mobility management, and security management;

[0154] Meeting special needs (such as device location): Combining the advantages of passive tags—low cost, easy placement, and energy harvesting capabilities that eliminate the fear of running out of power—with the advantages of cellular networks—which support a wide range of technologies—cellular-based passive IoT has the potential to better meet the location needs of people and objects in various scenarios.

[0155] This application also provides a communication device. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in one embodiment. Figure 6 As shown, the communication device includes:

[0156] The collection module 310 is configured to collect radio frequency energy by receiving radio frequency signals from the radio frequency energy source node;

[0157] The transmitting module 320 is configured to transmit information to the service node based on the radio frequency energy.

[0158] The communication device in this embodiment collects radio frequency energy from the radio frequency energy source node to provide energy support for communication with the service node, thereby achieving efficient and reliable communication and improving the applicability and communication efficiency of the Internet of Things.

[0159] In one embodiment, the transmitted information includes a backscattered signal from the device to the service node.

[0160] In one embodiment, the sending module 320 is configured as follows:

[0161] The radio frequency energy is accumulated. If the accumulated radio frequency energy exceeds a preset threshold, information is transmitted to the service node; or, a backscattered signal is generated based on the accumulated radio frequency energy, and the backscattered signal is used to transmit information to the service node.

[0162] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a selection module configured to select a code sequence for transmitting information based on at least one of the following: information intercepted from the service node to the device; and the device identifier ID of the device.

[0163] In one embodiment, the device further includes:

[0164] The set determination module is configured to determine the set of code sequences based on the information monitored from the service node to the device;

[0165] The selection module is configured to select a code sequence for transmitting information from the set of code sequences according to one of the following methods:

[0166] Randomly select a code sequence from the set of code sequences;

[0167] Select a code sequence from the code sequence set based on the device ID of the device.

[0168] In one embodiment, the device further includes:

[0169] The security code transmission module is configured to transmit a security code to the service node before transmitting information to the service node, or during the process of transmitting information to the service node.

[0170] In one embodiment, the security code includes at least one of the following: the device ID of the device, the ID pre-stored by the device, and the security code assigned by the service node received by the device.

[0171] In one embodiment, the device further includes a transmission mode determination module, configured to determine the transmission mode of communication data based on the physical characteristics of the wireless channel between the device and the service node.

[0172] In one embodiment, the communication data transmission method includes at least one of the following: the communication data is transmitted in a signal from the device to the service node; the communication data is transmitted along with signaling from the device to the service node; the communication data is transmitted in a signal from the service node to the device; the communication data is transmitted along with signaling from the service node to the device; the data transmission requires feedback; the data transmission does not require feedback.

[0173] In one embodiment, the device further includes a first establishment module configured to establish communication with the service node according to a non-orthogonal multiple access method based on backscattered signal power differences.

[0174] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a second establishment module configured to establish communication with the service node using a time-domain extended non-orthogonal code; wherein the non-orthogonal code is used to distinguish devices.

[0175] In one embodiment, the communication data between the device and the service node is encoded in OOK format.

[0176] In one embodiment, the device further includes: a first information determining module configured to determine environment-related information of the device based on at least one of the following:

[0177] The device listens to signals from the service node to the device;

[0178] The quality of the signal from the service node to the device that the device listens for;

[0179] The energy intensity of the signal from the service node to the device is detected by the device;

[0180] The quality of the environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device;

[0181] The energy intensity of the environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device;

[0182] The number of environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device.

[0183] In one embodiment, the device further includes a second information determining module, configured to determine the environment-related information of the device by at least one of the following methods:

[0184] Continuously monitor signals from the service node to the device;

[0185] Continuously monitor environmental or surrounding signals;

[0186] The duty cycle method is used to monitor signals from the service node to the device;

[0187] Use duty cycle mode to monitor environmental or surrounding signals;

[0188] The system monitors signals from the service node to the device using a preset mode.

[0189] The system uses a configured mode to listen for signals from the service node to the device.

[0190] It uses a preset mode to monitor environmental or surrounding signals;

[0191] Use the configured mode to listen for ambient or surrounding signals.

[0192] In one embodiment, the environment-related information includes one of the following: information about the location of the device; the positional relationship between the device and the energy harvesting area; the number of adjacent devices of the device; and the positional relationship between the adjacent devices of the device and the device.

[0193] In one embodiment, the device further includes a reporting module, configured to report location-related information to the service node when the device is located at the edge of the energy harvesting area.

[0194] In one embodiment, the device further includes a cell selection module configured to perform cell selection or cell reselection based on the environmental information.

[0195] In one embodiment, the device further includes a synchronization module configured to control a local clock to keep synchronized with the clock of the service node based on the environment-related information.

[0196] In one embodiment, the device's RRC layer uses a connectionless method for data transmission.

[0197] In one embodiment, the device's scheduling layer supports a scheduling algorithm based on energy state-related factors;

[0198] The energy state-related factors include at least one of the following: the absolute value of the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device; a determination value for whether the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device exceeds a preset threshold; and the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device.

[0199] In one embodiment, the device supports a two-layer protocol stack; wherein the first-layer protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: listening to signals from the service node to the device, collecting radio frequency energy, modulating backscattered signals, listening to positioning signals, and performing positioning procedures; the second-layer protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: mobility management, data transmission management, and performing positioning procedures.

[0200] In one embodiment, data transmission management includes at least one of the following functions: segmentation of communication data, reassembly of communication data, concatenation of communication data, and quality of service management.

[0201] In one embodiment, the device is in one of the following states: listening to signals or energy signals from the service node to the device, transmitting information, or registering a device ID or security code.

[0202] In one embodiment, the state of the device can change according to a preset mode, or the state of the device can be indicated by the service node by sending a signal from the service node to the device.

[0203] The communication device proposed in this embodiment belongs to the same inventive concept as the communication method proposed in the above embodiments. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in any of the above embodiments. Furthermore, this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the communication method.

[0204] This application also provides a communication device. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in one embodiment. Figure 7 As shown, the communication device includes:

[0205] The downlink transmission module 410 is configured to send signals from the service node to the device.

[0206] The receiving module 420 is configured to receive transmission information sent by the device based on radio frequency energy.

[0207] The communication device in this embodiment receives transmission information sent by the device using collected radio frequency energy and sends signals from the service node to the device, thereby achieving efficient and reliable communication between the device and improving the applicability and communication efficiency of the Internet of Things.

[0208] In one embodiment, the radio frequency energy is collected based on the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency energy source node, or the radio frequency energy is collected based on the signal from the service node to the device.

[0209] In one embodiment, the device further includes: a control module configured to control the operating parameters of the radio frequency power source node, the operating parameters including at least one of the following: frequency band, transmit power, and operating mode; wherein the operating mode includes a method of starting and / or stopping power transmission.

[0210] In one embodiment, the downlink transmission module 410 is configured to: transmit a signal from the service node to the device using a set beaming mechanism, wherein the beam width is less than a set threshold, or the beam width is determined according to a preset rule and a set threshold.

[0211] In one embodiment, the signal from the service node to the device is used for at least one of the following: transmitting radio frequency energy to the device; transmitting communication data to the device; or carrying feedback information corresponding to the backscattered signal.

[0212] In one embodiment, the device further includes:

[0213] The device is located based on at least one of the following: the power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the received signal from the service node to the device fed back by the device; or...

[0214] The location server is transmitted with at least one of the following: the power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the signal received from the service node to the device as feedback by the device; or...

[0215] The power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the signal received from the service node to the device fed back by the device are transmitted to the core network node, which then transmits them to the positioning server.

[0216] In one embodiment, the device further includes: scheduling resources based on at least one of the following information: the status of the device collecting radio frequency energy; the device's ability to reflect radio frequency energy; the energy intensity of the received signal from the device to the service node; the energy intensity of the received backscattered signal; and a determination value for whether the intensity of the signal or energy signal from the device to the service node exceeds a preset threshold.

[0217] In one embodiment, the device further includes: an indication module configured to send status indication information to the device, the status including one of the following: status of listening to signal or energy signals from the service node to the device, status of transmitting information, and registration status of transmitting security codes.

[0218] In one embodiment, the receiving module 410 is configured to receive information transmitted by the device based on data packets.

[0219] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes: receiving the device ID or security code of the device; transmitting the device ID or security code to a core network node, or transmitting the device ID or security code and the ID of the service node to a core network node.

[0220] In one embodiment, the device further includes a transmission module configured to transmit a security code received from a core network node to the device.

[0221] The communication device proposed in this embodiment belongs to the same inventive concept as the communication method proposed in the above embodiments. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in any of the above embodiments. Furthermore, this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the communication method.

[0222] This application also provides a device. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a device is provided as an embodiment, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the device provided in this application includes a memory 520, a processor 510, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor 510 executes the program, it implements the communication method described above.

[0223] The device may also include a memory 520; the processor 510 in the device may be one or more. Figure 8 Taking a processor 510 as an example; memory 520 is used to store one or more programs; the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors 510, so that the one or more processors 510 implement the communication method as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0224] The device also includes: a communication device 530, an input device 540, and an output device 550.

[0225] The processor 510, memory 520, communication device 530, input device 540, and output device 550 in the device can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 8 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0226] Input device 540 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and to generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the device. Output device 550 may include display devices such as a display screen.

[0227] The communication device 530 may include a receiver and a transmitter. The communication device 530 is configured to perform information transmission and reception communication under the control of the processor 510.

[0228] The memory 520, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be configured to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the communication method described in the embodiments of this application (e.g., the collection module 310 and the transmission module 320 in the communication device). The memory 520 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the device, etc. Furthermore, the memory 520 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some instances, the memory 520 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 510, and these remote memories can be connected to the device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0229] This application also provides a service node. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a service node provided in one embodiment, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the service node provided in this application includes a memory 620, a processor 610, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor 610 executes the program, it implements the communication method described above.

[0230] The service node may also include memory 620; the processor 610 in the service node may be one or more. Figure 9 Taking a processor 610 as an example; memory 620 is used to store one or more programs; the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors 610, so that the one or more processors 610 implement the communication method as described in the embodiments of this application.

[0231] The service node also includes: a communication device 630, an input device 640, and an output device 650.

[0232] The processor 610, memory 620, communication device 630, input device 640, and output device 650 in the service node can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 9 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0233] Input device 640 can be used to receive input digital or character information, and to generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the service node. Output device 650 may include display devices such as a display screen.

[0234] The communication device 630 may include a receiver and a transmitter. The communication device 630 is configured to perform information transmission and reception communication under the control of the processor 610.

[0235] The memory 620, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be configured to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the communication method described in the embodiments of this application (e.g., the receiving module 420 and the downlink transmitting module 410 in the communication device). The memory 620 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the service node, etc. Furthermore, the memory 620 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some instances, the memory 620 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 610, and these remote memories can be connected to the service node via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0236] This application also provides a communication system. It should be noted that technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in any of the above embodiments.

[0237] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system is provided as an embodiment, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the system includes: a radio frequency power source node 710, a device 720, and a service node 730. The service node 730 is connected to both the radio frequency power source node 710 and the device 720.

[0238] In one embodiment, the radio frequency power source node 710 is a network element independent of the service node 730 and the device 720; the service node 730 is used to control the operating parameters of the radio frequency power source node 710.

[0239] In one embodiment, the radio frequency power source node 710 is integrated in the service node 730; or, the radio frequency power source node 710 is integrated in a neighboring device of the device 720.

[0240] In one embodiment, the system further includes: a dedicated network element deployed in the core network for managing device subscription information and user information.

[0241] This application also provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the communication methods described in this application. The method includes: collecting radio frequency energy by receiving radio frequency signals from a radio frequency energy source node; and transmitting information to a service node based on the radio frequency energy. Alternatively, the method includes: sending a signal from the service node to the device; and receiving transmission information sent by the device based on the radio frequency energy.

[0242] The computer storage medium in this application embodiment can be any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. For example, a computer-readable storage medium can be, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable CD-ROM, optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. The computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0243] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, which can send, propagate, or transmit programs for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0244] Program code contained on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, optical fiber, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0245] Computer program code for performing the operations of this application can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0246] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0247] Those skilled in the art will understand that the term user terminal encompasses any suitable type of wireless user equipment, such as mobile phones, portable data processing devices, portable web browsers, or vehicle-mounted mobile stations.

[0248] Generally, the various embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, although this application is not limited thereto.

[0249] Embodiments of this application can be implemented by executing computer program instructions through the data processor of a mobile device, for example, in a processor entity, or through hardware, or through a combination of software and hardware. The computer program instructions can be assembly instructions, Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages.

[0250] Any block diagram of logical flow in the accompanying drawings of this application may represent program steps, or may represent interconnected logic circuits, modules, and functions, or may represent a combination of program steps and logic circuits, modules, and functions. The computer program may be stored in memory. The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as, but not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), optical storage devices and systems (Digital Video Disc (DVD) or Compact Disk (CD), etc.). Computer-readable media may include non-transitory storage media. The data processor may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, such as, but not limited to, general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and processors based on multi-core processor architectures.

[0251] A detailed description of exemplary embodiments of this application has been provided above through exemplary and non-limiting examples. However, various modifications and adjustments to the above embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims, without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, the proper scope of this application will be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a device, the method includes: Radio frequency energy is collected by receiving radio frequency signals from radio frequency energy source nodes; Information is transmitted to the service node based on the radio frequency energy; The device supports a two-layer protocol stack; the two-layer protocol stack includes a physical layer protocol stack and a higher-layer protocol stack, wherein, The physical layer protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: listening to signals from the service node to the device, collecting radio frequency energy, modulating backscattered signals, listening to positioning signals, and executing positioning procedures. The higher-level protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: mobility management, data transmission management, and execution of location procedures; Transmitting information to the service node based on the radio frequency energy includes: The device obtains a backscattered signal based on the radio frequency energy; The communication method further includes: Receive the security code transmitted from the service node.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication method is applied to at least one of the following devices: passive devices, battery-free devices, devices with rechargeable batteries, and devices capable of storing energy.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitted information includes sending backscattered signals from the device to the service node.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data transmission management includes at least one of the following functions: segmentation of communication data, reassembly of communication data, cascading of communication data, and quality of service management.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Select the code sequence for transmitting information based on at least one of the following: the information intercepted from the service node to the device; the device identifier ID of the device.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The set of code sequences is determined based on the information intercepted from the service node to the device; A code sequence for transmitting information is selected from the set of code sequences according to one of the following methods: Randomly select a code sequence from the set of code sequences; Select a code sequence from the code sequence set based on the device's device ID.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A security code is transmitted to the service node before or during the transmission of information to the service node.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The security code includes at least one of the following: the device ID of the device, the ID pre-stored by the device, and the security code assigned by the service node received by the device.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The transmission method of communication data is determined based on the physical characteristics of the wireless channel between the device and the service node; The transmission method of the communication data includes at least one of the following: the communication data is transmitted in a signal from the device to the service node; the communication data is transmitted along with the signaling from the device to the service node; the communication data is transmitted in a signal from the service node to the device; the communication data is transmitted along with the signaling from the service node to the device. Data transmission requires feedback; Data transmission does not require feedback.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The non-orthogonal multiple access method is used to establish communication with the service node; The use of a non-orthogonal multiple access method to establish communication with the service node includes at least one of the following: Communication is established with the service node using a non-orthogonal multiple access method based on backscattered signal power differences; Communication is established with the service node using a time-domain extended non-orthogonal code, wherein the non-orthogonal code is used to distinguish devices.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Determine the device’s environmental information based on at least one of the following: The device listens to signals from the service node to the device; The quality of the signal from the service node to the device that the device listens for; The energy intensity of the signal from the service node to the device is detected by the device; The quality of the environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device; The energy intensity of the environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device; The number of environmental or surrounding signals detected by the device.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Determine the environmental information of the device using at least one of the following methods: Continuously monitor signals from the service node to the device; Continuously monitor environmental or surrounding signals; The duty cycle method is used to monitor signals from the service node to the device; Use duty cycle mode to monitor environmental or surrounding signals; The system monitors signals from the service node to the device using a preset mode. The system uses a configured mode to listen for signals from the service node to the device. It uses a preset mode to monitor environmental or surrounding signals; Use the configured mode to listen for ambient or surrounding signals.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The environmental information includes one of the following: information about the location of the device; the positional relationship between the device and the energy harvesting area; the number of adjacent devices of the device; and the positional relationship between the adjacent devices of the device and the device.

14. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, Also includes: If the device is located at the edge of the energy harvesting area, it will report the location-related information to the service node.

15. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, Also includes: Cell selection or cell reselection is performed based on the environmental information.

16. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, Also includes: Based on the environmental information, the local clock is controlled to keep synchronized with the clock of the service node.

17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device's scheduling layer supports scheduling algorithms that include energy state-related factors; The energy state-related factors include at least one of the following: the absolute value of the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device; and a determination value indicating whether the signal or energy signal strength from the service node to the device exceeds a preset threshold. The strength of the signal or energy signal from the service node to the device.

18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device is in one of the following states: listening to signals or energy signals from the service node to the device, transmitting information, or transmitting the device ID or security code.

19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The state of the device changes according to a preset mode, or the state of the device is indicated by the service node by sending a signal from the service node to the device.

20. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to service nodes, the method includes: Send signals from the service node to the device; Receive information from the device based on radio frequency power transmission; The device supports a two-layer protocol stack; the two-layer protocol stack includes a physical layer protocol stack and a higher-layer protocol stack, wherein, The physical layer protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: listening to signals from the service node to the device, collecting radio frequency energy, modulating backscattered signals, listening to positioning signals, and executing positioning procedures. The higher-level protocol stack is used for at least one of the following functions: mobility management, data transmission management, and execution of location procedures; The method further includes transmitting a security code to the device.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, Also includes: The radio frequency energy is collected based on the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency energy source node, or the radio frequency energy is collected based on the signal from the service node to the device.

22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The method further includes: controlling the operating parameters of the radio frequency power source node, the operating parameters including at least one of the following: frequency band, transmit power, and operating mode; The operating modes include methods for starting and / or stopping power transmission.

23. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, Sending a signal from the service node to the device includes: A set beamforming mechanism is used to send signals from the service node to the device, wherein the beam width is less than a set threshold, or the beam width is determined according to a preset rule and a set threshold.

24. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The signal sent from the service node to the device is for at least one of the following: Transmit radio frequency energy to the device; Transmit communication data to the device; It carries feedback information corresponding to the backscattered signal.

25. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, Also includes: The device is located based on at least one of the following: the power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the signal received from the service node to the device and fed back by the device. or, The power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the signal received from the service node to the device fed back by the device are transmitted to the positioning server. or, The power of the backscattered signal, the beam corresponding to the signal from the service node to the device, and the energy value of the signal received from the service node to the device fed back by the device are transmitted to the core network node, which then transmits them to the positioning server.

26. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, Also includes: Resources are scheduled based on at least one of the following: the status of radio frequency energy collection by the device; The device's ability to reflect radio frequency energy; The energy intensity of the received signal from the device to the service node; the energy intensity of the received backscattered signal; whether the intensity of the signal or energy signal from the device to the service node exceeds a preset threshold.

27. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, Also includes: Receive the device ID or security code of the device; The device ID or security code is transmitted to the core network node, or the device ID or security code, along with the ID of the service node, is transmitted to the core network node.

28. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, Also includes: The security code received from the core network node will be transmitted to the device.

29. A communication device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-19.

30. A service node, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the communication method as described in any one of claims 20-28.

31. A communication system, characterized in that, include: Radio frequency power source node, the device as described in claim 29, and the service node as described in claim 30; The service node is connected to both the radio frequency energy source node and the device.

32. The system according to claim 31, characterized in that, The radio frequency energy source node is a network element independent of the service node and the device; The service node is used to control the operating parameters of the radio frequency power source node.

33. The system according to claim 31, characterized in that, The radio frequency power source node is integrated in the service node; or, the radio frequency power source node is integrated in an adjacent device of the device.

34. The system according to claim 31, characterized in that, Also includes: Dedicated network elements deployed in the core network; The dedicated network element is used to manage the device's subscription information and user information.

35. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the communication method as described in any one of claims 1-28.

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