A design method for calibration network of asymmetric multi-channel transceiver components

Abstract

This invention discloses a calibration network design method for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component, belonging to the fields of phased array radar and measurement and control technology. It includes a radio frequency (RF) section, an intermediate frequency (IF) section, and a calibration section. The specific steps are as follows: 1. The channel section adopts a modular design to meet consistency design requirements; 2. Determine the wiring length of the RF section of the multi-channel transceiver component; 3. Adjust the wiring length of the IF section; 4. Adjust the wiring length of the calibration section; 5. Adjust the phase of the channel section, IF section, and calibration section. This invention simplifies the RF wiring requirements of asymmetric transceiver components. Through asymmetric wiring design, it simultaneously meets the consistency requirements of the RF channel and calibration, possessing universality and applicable to superheterodyne, zero IF, or direct RF sampling design architectures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of phased array radar and telemetry and control, and particularly to a design method for a calibration network of asymmetric multi-channel transceiver components. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of phased array radar and telemetry and control systems, large-scale phased array antennas are generally composed of multiple subarrays. Conventional antenna subarrays use a rectangular arrangement, making it easy to achieve consistent design requirements for component structure and channel amplitude and phase. However, rectangular array antennas are prone to grating lobes in the H and V planes, thus requiring smaller channel spacing, which increases the number and density of component channels. Using a triangular array can reduce grating lobes in the H and V planes of the composite pattern, and compared to a rectangular array, it can reduce the number of channels. However, triangular arrays also bring new problems:

[0003] 1) Subarray partitioning and structural design are difficult. The antenna uses a triangular array, which makes subarray partitioning difficult, especially at the edges of the subarray. Due to their proximity to the antenna elements, this increases the difficulty of component circuit and structural design.

[0004] 2) Difficulty in designing consistent transceiver channels. The use of a triangular array limits the structural size of the transceiver channels at the edge of the subarray, making it difficult to make them consistent with other channels. This affects the layout and wiring, increasing the difficulty of designing consistent channels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, a calibration network design method for asymmetric multi-channel transceiver components has been invented. This method can be used to solve the calibration problem of transceiver channel consistency caused by unequal trace lengths in asymmetric RF components. Since the calibration network is designed in an independent planar manner, the power divider network can easily adopt an unequal-length design, thus solving the calibration inaccuracy problem caused by unequal RF wiring. At the same time, this method allows for flexible design of component layout and wiring according to structural characteristics, without having to strictly control the equal length and wiring consistency of every part within the component, greatly relaxing the design requirements of asymmetric phased array antenna subarrays. This method can be used not only for the design of triangular array components, but also for the internal layout and wiring design and calibration network design of other asymmetric and non-uniform structures.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for designing a calibration network for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component includes a calibration section and sequentially connected radio frequency (RF) section, channel section, and intermediate frequency (IF) section. The RF section has an external interface at antenna port A, the IF section has an external interface at IF port D, the channel section has an interface with the RF section at channel port B, and the channel section has an interface with the IF section at channel port C. The calibration section has two ports: a channel section calibration coupling port E and a calibration common port F. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Based on the positions of the transceiver component's antenna, antenna port A, and intermediate frequency port D, modular design is carried out for the channel section of the multi-channel transceiver component to ensure that the channel section layout and wiring are completely consistent.

[0009] Step 2: For the RF section of the multi-channel transceiver assembly, determine the wiring L from antenna port A to channel port B. ABi Where i = 1, 2, ..., N, and N is the number of channels;

[0010] Step 3: For the intermediate frequency (IF) section of the multi-channel transceiver component, determine the wiring length L from channel port C to IF port D. CDi Satisfying L ABi +L CDi =L ABj +L CDj Where i,j=1,2,...,N, and i≠j;

[0011] Step 4: For the calibration section of the multi-channel transceiver component, determine the wiring L from the channel section calibration coupling port E to the calibration common port F. EFi Satisfying L ABi -L EFi =L ABj -L EFj Where i,j=1,2,...,N, and i≠j;

[0012] Step 5: Adjust the phase of the channel section or intermediate frequency section to ensure that the consistency of the transmit and receive channels meets the preset error requirement θ. e1 That is, Max(θ) ADi )-Min(θ ADi )≤θ e1 Adjust the phase of the calibration section to ensure the consistency of the calibration channels meets the preset error requirement θ. e2 That is, Max(θ) FDi )-Min(θ FDi )≤θ e2 ,where i=1,2,...,N,θ ADi and θ FDi These represent the phases between the corresponding ports.

[0013] Furthermore, the radio frequency section circuitry adopts an on-board wiring or cable connection design, with the shortest possible design based on wiring space and electromagnetic compatibility requirements.

[0014] Furthermore, the calibration section adopts an on-board wiring or cable connection design, occupying a separate layer of wiring space on the printed circuit board, or occupying a separate layer of cable routing space in space.

[0015] Furthermore, the channel section adopts a superheterodyne, zero intermediate frequency, or direct radio frequency sampling architecture.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention allows for unequal length designs between the antenna port and the channel section RF interface, reducing circuit design complexity and ensuring modular design of the channel section.

[0018] 2. The antenna port to the channel section RF port of this invention adopts an optimal design for wiring, avoiding electromagnetic compatibility problems caused by equal length adjustment and phase adjustment.

[0019] 3. The calibration section of this invention also adopts an unequal length design. By adjusting the wiring length and phase, the consistency calibration between channels in the case of unequal length design of RF and IF can be achieved.

[0020] 4. The design method of this invention is applicable to components with superheterodyne, zero intermediate frequency, and direct RF sampling architectures. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a calibration network design method for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component.

[0022] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of an 8-channel TR component calibration network design using a triangular array. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Reference Figure 1 A calibration network design method for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component includes a calibration section and a radio frequency (RF) section, a channel section, and an intermediate frequency (IF) section connected in sequence. The external interface of the RF section is the antenna port A, the external interface of the IF section is the IF port D, the interface between the channel section and the RF section is the channel port B, the interface between the channel section and the IF section is the channel port C, and the two ports of the calibration section are the channel section calibration coupling port E and the calibration common port F, respectively.

[0024] Reference Figure 2The TR component, which adopts a triangular array, is divided into 8 parts in the structural space. The antenna port A is arranged in a triangle, and the intermediate frequency port D is located on one side of the TR component to meet the requirements of the digital sampling interface. For each channel, the positions of the antenna port and the intermediate frequency port are different, so there is structural asymmetry.

[0025] The channel section of the component adopts a consistent design in terms of structure and layout. The circuit is mounted on the substrate and adopts a superheterodyne, zero-IF, or direct RF sampling architecture. The RF section traces are routed on the same wiring layer of the substrate, designed according to optimal electromagnetic compatibility. The calibration section adopts on-board routing or cable connection design, occupying a separate wiring layer on the printed circuit board, or a separate cable routing layer in terms of space.

[0026] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0027] Step 1: Based on the positions of the transceiver component's antenna, antenna port A, and intermediate frequency port D, modular design is carried out for the channel section of the multi-channel transceiver component to ensure that the channel section layout and wiring are completely consistent.

[0028] Step 2: Determine the RF section of each channel, i.e., the wiring from antenna port A to channel port B, and determine its wiring length L. ABi Where i = 1, 2, ..., N, and N is the number of channels;

[0029] Step 3: For the intermediate frequency (IF) section of the multi-channel transceiver component, determine the wiring length L from channel port C to IF port D. CDi Satisfying L ABi +L CDi =L ABj +L CDj Where i,j=1,2,...,N, and i≠j;

[0030] Step 4: For the calibration section of the multi-channel transceiver component, determine the wiring L from the channel section calibration coupling port E to the calibration common port F. EFi Satisfying L ABi -L EFi =L ABj -L EFj Where i,j=1,2,...,N, and i≠j;

[0031] Step 5: Adjust the phase of the channel section or intermediate frequency section to ensure that the channel consistency meets the error requirement θ. e1 For conventional phased array design, θ is generally required. e1 =10°, i.e., Max(θ) ADi )-Min(θ ADi)≤10°, where i=1,2,...,N; the adjustment methods include adjusting the parameters of electronic components, soldering and processes, etc.

[0032] Adjusting the phase of the calibration section ensures that the consistency of the calibration channels meets the error requirement θ. e2 For conventional phased array design, θ is generally required. e2 =10°, i.e., Max(θ) FDi )-Min(θ FDi )≤10°, where i=1,2,...,N. Where θ ADi and θ FDi These represent the phases between the corresponding ports.

[0033] For the parts of the RF channel with inconsistent phase, and the parts of the calibration channel with inconsistent phase, phase compensation can be performed using a digital sampling terminal.

[0034] Using the above methods, the same phase consistency result can be obtained by performing channel consistency calibration from the antenna channel and from the calibration common port, thereby realizing channel consistency calibration of asymmetric structure design.

Claims

1. A method for designing a calibration network for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component, comprising a calibration section and a radio frequency (RF) section, a channel section, and an intermediate frequency (IF) section connected sequentially. The external interface of the RF section is antenna port A, the external interface of the IF section is IF port D, the interface between the channel section and the RF section is channel port B, the interface between the channel section and the IF section is channel port C, and the two ports of the calibration section are a channel section calibration coupling port E and a calibration common port F, respectively; characterized in that... Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Based on the positions of the transceiver component's antenna, antenna port A, and intermediate frequency port D, modular design is carried out for the channel section of the multi-channel transceiver component to ensure that the channel section layout and wiring are completely consistent. Step 2: For the RF section of the multi-channel transceiver assembly, determine the wiring L from antenna port A to channel port B. ABi Where i = 1, 2, ..., N, and N is the number of channels; Step 3: For the intermediate frequency (IF) section of the multi-channel transceiver component, determine the wiring length L from channel port C to IF port D. CDi Satisfying L ABi +L CDi =L ABj +L CDj Where i,j=1,2,...,N, and i≠j; Step 4: For the calibration section of the multi-channel transceiver component, determine the wiring L from the channel section calibration coupling port E to the calibration common port F. EFi Satisfying L ABi -L EFi =L ABj -L EFj Where i,j=1,2,...,N, and i≠j; Step 5: Adjust the phase of the channel section or intermediate frequency section to ensure that the consistency of the transmit and receive channels meets the preset error requirement θ. e1 That is, Max(θ) ADi )-Min(θ ADi )≤θ e1 Adjust the phase of the calibration section to ensure the consistency of the calibration channels meets the preset error requirement θ. e2 That is, Max(θ) FDi )-Min(θ FDi )≤θ e2 ,where i=1,2,...,N,θ ADi and θ FDi These represent the phases between the corresponding ports.

2. The method for designing a calibration network for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency section circuitry adopts an on-board wiring or cable connection design, with the shortest possible design chosen based on wiring space and electromagnetic compatibility requirements.

3. The method for designing a calibration network for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calibration section adopts an on-board wiring or cable connection design, occupying a separate layer of wiring space on the printed circuit board, or occupying a separate layer of cable routing space in space.

4. The method for designing a calibration network for an asymmetric multi-channel transceiver component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The channel section adopts a superheterodyne, zero intermediate frequency, or direct radio frequency sampling architecture.

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