A virtual reality-based visual acuity comprehensive evaluation system and method

Abstract

The application provides a virtual reality-based visual acuity comprehensive evaluation system and method, which comprises a virtual reality helmet, a handle, and a host terminal; the virtual reality helmet is used for presenting a virtual reality environment to a subject and collecting real-time eye movement data of the subject through an eye movement collection module; the handle is controlled by a single hand of the subject and is used for collecting a visual target model judgment result of the subject; the host terminal is composed of a central processing unit, a memory, a transmission module, a display, and an input device, contains an environment module, an information recording module, an evaluation calculation module, and a result module, is used for providing a virtual environment, collecting data information and completing data processing, and then presenting a result through a host display; the evaluation calculation module contains static visual acuity test, dynamic visual acuity test, and motion visual acuity test units, visual target model data and eye movement data in a test process are collected through different module tests, visual acuity abilities of the subject in different modes are evaluated, and effective help is provided for visual acuity evaluation and scientific research needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of visual acuity assessment technology, specifically a comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality. Background Technology

[0002] Visual acuity measurement is mainly divided into static visual acuity measurement and dynamic visual acuity measurement. Visual acuity refers to the eye's maximum ability to distinguish the fine structure of objects. Static visual acuity usually refers to the results of visual acuity tests using a visual acuity chart in clinical practice, which is a standard method for evaluating visual acuity ability. However, everyday activities such as driving and sports activities place different demands on visual acuity. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic evaluation of visual vision by assessing dynamic visual acuity. Dynamic visual acuity, or dynamic visual acuity, refers to the ability to recognize details of a visual target when there is relative motion between the subject and the target. Dynamic visual acuity measurement usually refers to the movement of a target in a plane, while the visual acuity for distinguishing the movement of objects from far to near is usually replaced by static visual acuity results.

[0003] Studies have shown that visual perception is mainly composed of two parts: the ventral visual pathway and the dorsal visual pathway. The dorsal visual pathway primarily processes visual signals from moving objects; therefore, measuring visual acuity by observing the movement of objects from far to near requires novel measurement equipment and methods.

[0004] Traditional dynamic visual acuity assessment methods are mainly divided into two types: mechanical and digital. The mechanical method uses a cart carrying different visual target models to move and complete the visual acuity measurement; the digital method generates visual target models on the screen and completes the visual acuity measurement through program control.

[0005] The existing technology has the following problems:

[0006] (1) Traditional dynamic visual acuity assessment methods are mainly divided into two types: mechanical and digital. Mechanical methods involve moving a small car carrying different optotype models to complete visual acuity measurement, which requires a large area of ​​space. Digital methods generate optotype models on a screen and complete visual acuity measurement through program control, but the range of the subjects' visual fields collected is limited, and it is impossible to make a comprehensive evaluation of the subjects' visual acuity results.

[0007] (2) Traditional dynamic vision assessment methods all require extensive training for experimental personnel and a lot of manual operation, resulting in high labor costs. Therefore, this application proposes a virtual reality-based visual acuity comprehensive assessment system for vision training and measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive visual acuity evaluation system and method based on virtual reality to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is: a comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality, including a virtual reality helmet, a controller, and a host terminal;

[0010] The virtual reality headset, worn on the head of the subject, has a primary display device configured to present the virtual reality environment to the subject, and also has an eye-tracking module to collect eye-tracking data of the subject while wearing it. The virtual reality headset can achieve spatial positioning function.

[0011] The handle, controlled by the subject with one hand, has an interactive acquisition module for collecting the subject's visual target model judgment results during the test, and transmits the visual target model judgment results to the host terminal through the handle's wireless transmission module. The handle also has a spatial positioning function.

[0012] The host terminal consists of a central processing unit (CPU), memory, transmission module, display, and input device. The transmission module connects the virtual reality headset and controllers and transmits data. The CPU is configured to run a comprehensive visual acuity assessment program, which comprises an environment module, an information recording module, an assessment calculation module, and a result module. The environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display the virtual reality environment interface, including the background, visual target models, instructions to guide the subject through the test, and the subject's real-time measurement status. The information recording module inputs the subject's basic information through the display and input device and stores it in the memory. The assessment calculation module performs static visual acuity tests, dynamic visual acuity tests, and kinematic visual acuity tests, receiving the visual target model judgment results acquired by the controller interaction acquisition module and the eye movement data acquired by the virtual reality headset's eye movement acquisition module during the test. The assessment calculation module also adjusts the background parameters and initial visual target model parameters of the environment module based on the subject's basic information from the information recording module. Furthermore, the assessment calculation module calculates static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, kinematic visual acuity, operation reaction time, and eye movement reaction time based on the subject's information, visual target model judgment results, and eye movement data. The result module controls the terminal's display to show the relevant calculation results.

[0013] Preferably, when the evaluation and calculation module performs static visual acuity measurement, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display a static optotype model under a preset background. The initial size of the optotype model displayed by the environment module in the virtual headset is adjusted by the subject information recorded by the information recording module. The subject inputs the judgment result of the optotype model through the controller. Every ten times is a group. If the optotype model is judged correctly ≥6 times, it is recorded as a success, and a optotype model one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and a optotype model one size larger is selected for retesting. This continues until the subject fails twice on the same size optotype model, which is considered a test. The optotype model size, optotype model orientation, and judgment result are recorded during the test.

[0014] Preferably, when the evaluation and calculation module performs a dynamic vision test, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display a moving target model against a preset background. The display parameters of the environment module are adjusted through the terminal input device, including the background color and target model color, target model movement speed, and target model size. The movement speed ranges from 0 to 100° / s. The subject inputs the judgment result of the target model through the handle. Every ten times constitutes a group. If the target model is judged correctly ≥6 times, the test is considered successful, and a target model one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is considered a failure, and a target model one size larger is selected for retesting. The test ends when the subject fails twice on the same size target model. The background color and target model color, target model size, target model movement speed, judgment result, visual-motor reaction time, and eye movement reaction are recorded during the test.

[0015] Preferably, when the evaluation and calculation module performs the motion vision test, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display a moving target model against a preset background. The display parameters of the environment module are adjusted through the terminal input device, including the background color and target model color, target model movement speed, target model size, and target model generation area. The target model movement speed ranges from 0 to 5 m / s, and the target model movement direction is from far to near from the generation area to the subject's virtual reality headset. The subject inputs the judgment result of the target model through the controller. Every ten times is a group. If the target model is judged correctly ≥ 6 times, it is recorded as a success, and a target model one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and a target model one size larger is selected for retesting. The test ends when the subject fails twice with the same size target model. The background color and target model color, target model size, target model movement speed, target model generation area, and judgment result are recorded during the test.

[0016] Preferably, the environment module is used to control the display of the target model implemented by the virtual reality headset, and the target model is designed according to the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] In the above formula, L is the side length of the optotype model in mm, d is the designed distance of the optotype model from the subject's eye node during the test, the preferred designed distance of the optotype model is 5m, V is the decimal recording of visual acuity results, expressed as the reciprocal of the visual angle, with the visual angle unit being (′) minutes, and R = 2.9089 × 10 -4 , which is expressed in radians of 1′.

[0019] Preferably, when the evaluation calculation module performs dynamic vision testing, the motion trajectory of the visual target model in the virtual reality environment maintains the position of the visual target model and the distance between it and the subject, and moves tangentially along a spatial sphere 5m away from the subject.

[0020] The assessment and calculation module calculates dynamic visual acuity using the following formula based on subject information, visual target model judgment results, and eye movement data:

[0021] A = -lgT1 - N1 × 0.01

[0022] Where A is the result of dynamic visual acuity calculation; T1 is the size of the optotype model that is one size smaller than the size of the optotype model that the subject can recognize more than 60% of during the dynamic visual acuity measurement; N1 is the result correction coefficient, which is the number of optotype models that the subject can recognize at the current optotype model size level, i.e., level T1.

[0023] The assessment and calculation module calculates motor visual acuity using the following formula based on subject information, visual target model judgment results, and eye movement data:

[0024]

[0025] Where B is the calculated result of motion vision; V is the decimal recorded visual acuity result of the optotype model; d is the designed distance of the optotype model; R is the constant for expressing radian value; s is the initial distance from the optotype model to the human eye in the virtual environment, in mm; a is the motion speed of the optotype model, in mm / s; t is the motion time of the optotype model; N1 is the result correction coefficient, which is the number of optotype models that the subject can recognize at the current level;

[0026] A comprehensive visual acuity assessment method based on virtual reality, employing the aforementioned comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality, includes the following steps:

[0027] S1: The subject's basic information is entered in the information recording module of the host terminal. The subject wears a virtual reality headset and uses a single-handed control handle to complete the positioning of the virtual reality headset and the handle.

[0028] S2: The static visual acuity measurement unit of the evaluation calculation module adjusts the initial visual target model appearing in the environment module according to the basic information of the subject in the information recording module. Then, when the visual target model appears, the size and opening direction of the visual target model are changed. The judgment result of the visual target model input by the subject in the handle is recorded. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates and stores the static visual acuity.

[0029] S3: The dynamic vision training and testing unit adjusts the background parameters of the environment module and the color, size, opening direction, and movement speed of the visual target model. During the test, the visual target model is randomly generated and its parameters are automatically changed according to the subject's judgment result of the visual target model. The judgment result of the visual target model input by the subject in the handle is recorded. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates the dynamic vision and stores it.

[0030] S4: Execute the motor vision training and testing unit: Adjust the background parameters of the environment module and the color, size and opening direction of the visual target model, the generation position and movement speed of the visual target model, and generate visual target models from far to near at different positions. During the test, the generation position and movement speed of the visual target model are automatically changed according to the subject's visual target model judgment results. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates and stores the motor vision.

[0031] S5: Output the results calculated in S1-S4 of the above method to the test result interaction interface of the host terminal through the result module.

[0032] The evaluation calculation module uses the following formula to calculate eye movement reaction time:

[0033] t 眼动 =t 采集眼动 -t 视标模型出现

[0034] In the above formula, t 眼动 t is the eye movement reaction time; 采集眼动 The time points of eye movements are collected by the eye-tracking element built into the helmet. 视标模型出现 The point in time when the target model appears inside the helmet;

[0035] The evaluation calculation module uses the following formula to calculate the operation response time:

[0036] t 操作 =t 采集操作 -t 视标模型出现

[0037] In the above formula, t 操作 t is the eye movement reaction time; 采集操作 t represents the time point at which the wireless controller collects data on the subject's actions. 视标模型出现 The point in time when the target model appears inside the helmet.

[0038] This invention provides an improved virtual reality-based comprehensive visual acuity assessment system and method, which, compared with the prior art, offers the following improvements and advantages:

[0039] Firstly, the visual acuity comprehensive assessment system of the present invention uses virtual reality as a means of visual acuity assessment. The parameters are easy to adjust, and the assessment method is novel and interesting. It changes the tedious and complicated characteristics of traditional visual acuity assessment methods. During the assessment process, the visual target model automatically changes parameters according to the subject's performance, which can realize full automation of the test. No additional training is required for the operator to control the system. The experimental results are real and objective.

[0040] Secondly, this invention employs a scientifically sound test setup, collects eye movement data and visual target model judgment results, and designs calculation formulas for dynamic visual acuity, motor visual acuity, visual-motor reaction time, and eye movement time by combining multiple parameters. It can accurately obtain the dynamic and motor visual acuity of the test subjects, reflecting their visual acuity and eye movement during the test. Compared with traditional visual acuity measurement results, it more comprehensively evaluates the test subjects' eye movement and visual performance during the visual acuity assessment process. After verification by a large number of experimental data from test subjects, the results are reliable and have application value.

[0041] Thirdly, the visual acuity comprehensive assessment system of the present invention, compared with the traditional measurement method in which the moving area of ​​the target model occupies a small proportion of the visual field, eliminates interference from complex external environments, and realizes an ideal target model testing environment and conditions through virtual reality technology. It can reduce the influence of the external environment while enabling the target model to move in a wider range of visual fields and giving the subject sufficient judgment time.

[0042] Fourthly, the visual acuity comprehensive assessment system of the present invention can realize multi-parameter adjustment, including but not limited to assessment calculation mode, environmental module and visual target model parameters, and can precisely control various parameters. At the same time, it can perform different modular test combinations according to the actual needs of the operator, customize personalized test processes, and realize the measurement of the visual acuity of the subject in different environments.

[0043] Fifthly, the visual acuity comprehensive assessment system of the present invention realizes the training and assessment of motion visual acuity function, assesses visual acuity in different visual fields, and can quantify the subject's motion visual acuity ability according to the provided calculation formula. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0045] Figure 1 It is composed of the visual acuity comprehensive evaluation system based on virtual reality provided by this invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a reference diagram of the static visual acuity test unit of the evaluation calculation module in the host terminal of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a reference diagram of the dynamic vision testing unit of the evaluation calculation module in the host terminal of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a reference diagram of the motion vision testing unit in the evaluation calculation module of the host terminal of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the target model provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the visual acuity assessment process of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a reference diagram of the information recording module of the host terminal of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 This is a reference diagram of the end module of the host terminal of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 These are the correlation verification data between the various indicators of visual acuity of this invention and the system measurement parameters. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The present invention will now be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] This invention provides an improved comprehensive visual acuity assessment system and method based on virtual reality. The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0056] A comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a virtual reality headset 102, a controller 103, and a host terminal 101;

[0057] The virtual reality helmet 102 is worn on the head of the subject and has a first display device configured to present a virtual reality environment to the subject. It also has an eye-tracking acquisition module to collect eye-tracking data of the subject while wearing the helmet. The virtual reality helmet 102 has a spatial positioning function for spatial positioning. Preferably, the virtual reality helmet 102 is an HTC VIVE virtual reality helmet.

[0058] The handle 103 is controlled by the subject with one hand and has an interactive acquisition module for collecting the visual target model judgment results during the subject's test. The visual target model judgment results are transmitted to the host terminal 101 through the wireless transmission module of the handle 103. The handle 103 also has a spatial positioning function. The handle's circular button is set with the right direction as 0° and the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction. Then, 45° to 135° is judged as "up", 135° to 225° is judged as "left", 225° to 315° is judged as "down", and -45° to 45° is judged as "right". Preferably, the handle 103 is the wireless handle that comes with HTC VIVE.

[0059] The host terminal 101 consists of a central processing unit, a memory, a transmission module, a display, and an input device. The host terminal 101 connects to the virtual reality headset 102 and the controller 103 via the transmission module and transmits data. The central processing unit is configured to run a comprehensive visual acuity assessment program, which comprises an environment module, an information recording module, an assessment calculation module, and a result module. The environment module is used to implement the virtual reality interface, controlling the virtual reality headset 102 to display a preset virtual reality environment, including the background, visual target models, instructions to guide the subject through the test, and the subject's real-time measurement status. The information recording module records the subject's basic information through the display and input device. The system records and stores information in the memory; the evaluation and calculation module performs static vision test, dynamic vision test, and motion vision test, and receives the target model judgment results obtained by the handheld 103 interaction acquisition module and the eye movement data collected by the virtual reality helmet 102 eye movement acquisition module during the test; the evaluation and calculation module also adjusts the background parameters of the environment module and the initial target model parameters according to the subject's basic information in the information recording module; furthermore, the evaluation and calculation module calculates static vision, dynamic vision, and motion vision, as well as operation reaction time and eye movement reaction time results based on the subject's information, target model judgment results, and eye movement data; the results module is used to control the terminal's display to show the relevant calculation results.

[0060] When the evaluation calculation module performs static visual acuity measurement, such as Figure 2 As shown, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset 102 to display a static target model against a preset background. The target model is displayed in decimal form, including 0.1, 0.125, 0.16, 0.2, 0.25, 0.32, 0.4, 0.5, 0.625, 0.8, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.6, and can be selected via buttons or drop-down menus. The initial size of the target model displayed by the environment module in the virtual reality headset is adjusted based on the subject information recorded by the information recording module. The subject inputs the judgment result of the target model through the controller 103. Every ten times is a group. If the target model is judged correctly ≥ 6 times, it is recorded as a success, and "Correct" is displayed on the display screen of the host terminal 101. The subject then selects a target model one size smaller to retest. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and "Wrong" is displayed on the display screen of the host terminal 101. The subject then selects a target model one size larger to retest. This process continues until the subject fails twice on the same size target model, which is considered a test. The size of the target model, the orientation of the target model, and the judgment result are recorded during the test.

[0061] When the performance evaluation calculation module performs dynamic vision testing, such as Figure 3As shown, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset 102 to display a moving target model to the subject against a preset background. The subject adjusts the display parameters of the environment module through the input device of the host terminal 101, including the background color and target model color, target model movement speed, and target model size. The movement speed ranges from 0 to 100° / s. The target model movement direction includes horizontal left and right, vertical up and down, and the target model opening direction includes up, down, left, and right. By selecting and combining the target model movement direction and opening direction, the target model can move diagonally. The subject inputs the judgment result of the target model through the handle 103. Every ten times is a group. If the target model is judged correctly ≥6 times, it is recorded as a success, and a target model one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and a target model one size larger is selected for retesting. The test ends when the subject fails twice on the same size target model. The background color and target model color, target model size, target model movement speed, judgment result, visual-motor reaction time, and eye movement reaction are recorded during the test.

[0062] When the performance evaluation calculation module performs a motion vision test, such as Figure 4 As shown, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset 102 to display a moving target model against a preset background. The host terminal 101 inputs the display parameters of the environment module, including the background color and target model color, target model movement speed, target model size, and target model generation area. The initial target model generation area includes a 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° field of view area, or the initial target model is generated by inputting the viewing angle value. The target model movement speed ranges from 0 to 5 m / s, and the target model movement direction is from far to near from the generation area to the subject's virtual reality headset 102. The subject inputs the judgment result of the target model through the handle 103. Every ten times is a group. If the target model is judged correctly ≥ 6 times, it is recorded as a success, and a target model one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and a target model one size larger is selected for retesting. The test ends when the subject fails twice with the same size target model. The background color and target model color, target model size, target model movement speed, target model generation area, and judgment result are recorded during the test.

[0063] The environment module is used to control the target model implemented by the virtual reality headset 102, such as... Figure 5 The target model is designed according to the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] In the above formula, L is the side length of the optotype model in mm, d is the designed distance of the optotype model from the subject's eye node during the test, the preferred designed distance of the optotype model is 5m, V is the decimal recording of visual acuity results, expressed as the reciprocal of the visual angle, with the visual angle unit being (′) minutes, and R = 2.9089 × 10 -4 , which is expressed in radians of 1′.

[0066] When the evaluation calculation module performs dynamic vision testing, the movement trajectory of the visual target model in the virtual reality environment keeps the position of the visual target model and the distance between them constant, and moves tangentially along a spatial sphere 5m away from the subject, ensuring that the distance is always the standard test distance and avoiding the impact of changes in the distance of the visual target model on the test results during the test.

[0067] Furthermore, the evaluation and calculation module calculates static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, and motion visual acuity after the test is completed.

[0068] The assessment and calculation module calculates dynamic visual acuity using the following formula based on subject information, visual target model judgment results, and eye movement data:

[0069] A = -lgT1 - N1 × 0.01

[0070] Where A is the result of dynamic visual acuity calculation; T1 is the size of the optotype model that is one size smaller than the size of the optotype model that the subject can recognize more than 60% of during the dynamic visual acuity measurement; N1 is the result correction coefficient, which is the number of optotype models that the subject can recognize at the current optotype model size level, i.e., level T1.

[0071] The assessment and calculation module calculates motor visual acuity using the following formula based on subject information, visual target model judgment results, and eye movement data:

[0072]

[0073] Where B is the calculated result of motion vision; V is the decimal recorded visual acuity result of the optotype model; d is the designed distance of the optotype model; R is the constant for expressing radian value; s is the initial distance from the optotype model to the human eye in the virtual environment, in mm; a is the motion speed of the optotype model, in mm / s; t is the motion time of the optotype model; N1 is the result correction coefficient, which is the number of optotype models that the subject can recognize at the current optotype model size level;

[0074] The evaluation calculation module uses the following formula to calculate eye movement reaction time:

[0075] t 眼动 =t 采集眼动 -t 视标模型出现

[0076] In the above formula, t 眼动 t is the eye movement reaction time;采集眼动 The time points of eye movements are collected by the eye-tracking element built into the helmet. 视标模型出现 The point in time when the target model appears inside the helmet;

[0077] The evaluation calculation module uses the following formula to calculate the operation response time:

[0078] t 操作 =t 采集操作 -t 视标模型出现

[0079] In the above formula, t 操作 t is the eye movement reaction time; 采集操作 t represents the time point at which the subject's operation was acquired by the handle 103. 视标模型出现 The point in time when the target model appears inside the helmet.

[0080] A comprehensive visual acuity assessment method based on virtual reality, employing the aforementioned comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality, includes the following steps: Figure 6 As shown:

[0081] S1: Complete the basic information entry of the subject in the information recording module of the host terminal 101, such as... Figure 7 As shown in figure a, the data includes name, gender, medical record number, date of birth, measured static visual acuity of the left eye, and measured static visual acuity of the right eye. The subject wears a virtual reality headset 102 and uses a single-handed control controller 103 to complete the positioning of the virtual reality headset 102 and the controller 103, and provides [data / information] within the virtual reality headset 102. Figure 7 The system introduction interface shown in b informs the test subjects of the relevant operation procedures and test content.

[0082] S2: The static visual acuity measurement unit of the evaluation calculation module adjusts the initial visual target model appearing in the environment module according to the basic information of the subject in the information recording module. Then, when the visual target model appears, the size and opening direction of the visual target model are changed. The judgment result of the visual target model input by the subject in the handle 103 is recorded. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates and stores the static visual acuity.

[0083] S3: The dynamic vision training and testing unit adjusts the background parameters of the environment module and the color, size, opening direction, and movement speed of the visual target model. During the test, the visual target model is randomly generated and its parameters are automatically changed according to the subject's judgment result of the visual target model. The judgment result of the visual target model input by the subject in the handle 103 is recorded. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates the dynamic vision and stores it.

[0084] S4: Execute the motor vision training and testing unit: Adjust the background parameters of the environment module and the color, size and opening direction of the visual target model, the generation position and movement speed of the visual target model, and generate visual target models from far to near at different positions. During the test, the generation position and movement speed of the visual target model are automatically changed according to the subject's visual target model judgment results. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates and stores the motor vision.

[0085] S5: The results calculated in S1-S4 of the above method are output to the test result interaction interface of the host terminal 101 through the result module. The operator enters the result interface, which displays the measured static visual acuity, static visual acuity assessment results, dynamic visual acuity assessment results, and motion visual acuity assessment results, as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0086] System verification status:

[0087] To verify the reliability of the system for evaluating visual acuity provided by this invention, the following experiments were conducted:

[0088] First, static visual acuity was tested on subjects with normal vision and those with myopia using the standard visual acuity chart described in GB 11533-2011. All subjects had no obvious eye diseases or injuries, no history of eye diseases, and no mydriasis was performed before the experiment. The test results and the system results of this invention were recorded in the measured static visual acuity results of the information recording module via the host terminal 101.

[0089] Then, the subjects completed a static visual acuity assessment task using the comprehensive visual acuity assessment system provided by this invention. Since there are currently no unified domestic or international standards for dynamic and motion visual acuity, the reliability of the monocular static visual acuity measurement results obtained by this device for each subject was evaluated. To improve the scientific rigor of the verification, correlation and significant difference analyses were performed on the monocular results of the measured static visual acuity and the virtual static visual acuity. Figure 9 The diagram shows the correlation and significant difference analysis between the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and the static visual acuity assessment using virtual reality technology. Clearly, the measured results of static visual acuity in the left eye, right eye, and both eyes show good correlation with the virtual results, with no significant statistical differences. This demonstrates that the assessment system provided by this invention can reliably assess the static visual acuity of the subjects. Therefore, the parameters measured by the comprehensive visual acuity assessment system provided by this invention can well reflect the true visual acuity of the subjects, and their accuracy and reliability have been verified. Furthermore, the assessment of dynamic and kinematic visual acuity further improves the visual acuity assessment system.

[0090] This invention, by introducing virtual reality technology, greatly enhances the comprehensiveness and interest of visual acuity measurement. It quantifies and evaluates dynamic and motion visual acuity, providing a comprehensive reflection of the subject's visual performance in daily life. In particular, in the virtual space, various parameters can be adjusted at any time. Compared with traditional testing methods, it simplifies the operation process and hardware requirements. Through modular design, it enables customized assessments of different visual acuity abilities, effectively assisting in visual acuity assessment and research needs.

[0091] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality, characterized in that, include: Virtual reality headsets, controllers, and host terminals; The virtual reality headset, worn on the subject's head, has a primary display device configured to present a virtual reality environment to the subject, and also has an eye-tracking module to collect eye-tracking data during the test. The virtual reality headset is capable of spatial positioning. The handle, controlled by the subject with one hand, has an interactive acquisition module for collecting the subject's visual target model judgment results during the test, and transmits the visual target model judgment results to the host terminal through the handle's wireless transmission module. The handle also has a spatial positioning function. The host terminal consists of a central processing unit, memory, transmission module, display, and input device. The transmission module connects the virtual reality headset and controllers and transmits data. The central processing unit is configured to run a comprehensive visual acuity assessment program, which comprises an environment module, an information recording module, an assessment calculation module, and a result module. The environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display the virtual reality environment interface, including the background, visual target models, instructions to guide the subject through the test, and the subject's real-time measurement status. The information recording module records the subject's basic information through the display and input device and stores it in the memory. The evaluation and calculation module performs static visual acuity tests, dynamic visual acuity tests, and kinesthetic visual acuity tests. It receives the optotype model judgment results acquired by the controller interaction acquisition module and the eye-tracking data acquired by the virtual reality headset eye-tracking acquisition module during the testing process. The evaluation and calculation module also adjusts the background parameters of the environment module and the initial optotype model parameters based on the subject's basic information from the information recording module. Furthermore, based on the subject's information, optotype model judgment results, and eye-tracking data, the evaluation and calculation module calculates static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, kinesthetic visual acuity, as well as operation reaction time and eye-tracking reaction time. The specific formula for calculating kinesthetic visual acuity based on the subject's information, optotype model judgment results, and eye-tracking data is as follows: Wherein, B is the calculated result of motion vision; V is the decimal recorded visual acuity result of the optotype model; d is the designed distance of the optotype model; R is the constant for expressing radian value; s is the initial distance from the optotype model to the human eye in the virtual environment, in mm; a is the motion speed of the optotype model, in mm / s; t is the motion time of the optotype model; N1 is the result correction coefficient, which is the number of optotype models that the subject can recognize at the current level; the result module is used to control the display of the terminal to show the relevant calculation results.

2. The comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environment module is used to control the display of the target model implemented by the virtual reality headset. The target model is designed according to the following formula: In the above formula, L is the side length of the optotype model in mm, d is the designed distance of the optotype model from the subject's eye node during the test (designed distance is 5m), V is the decimal visual acuity result, expressed as the reciprocal of the visual angle in minutes (′), and R = 2.9089 × 10⁻⁶. -4 , which is expressed in radians of 1′.

3. The comprehensive visual acuity evaluation system based on virtual reality according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the evaluation and calculation module performs dynamic vision testing, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display moving optotype models against a preset background. The display parameters of the environment module are adjusted through the terminal input device, including background color and optotype model color, optotype model movement speed, and optotype model size. The movement speed ranges from 0 to 100° / s. The subject inputs the judgment result of the optotype model through the handle. Every ten times is a group. If the optotype model is judged correctly ≥6 times, it is recorded as a success, and a optotype model of one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and a optotype model of one size larger is selected for retesting. The test ends when the subject fails twice on the same size optotype model. The background color and optotype model color, optotype model size, optotype model movement speed, judgment result, visual-motor reaction time, and eye movement reaction are recorded during the test.

4. The comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality according to claim 3, characterized in that, The assessment and calculation module calculates dynamic visual acuity using the following formula based on subject information, visual target model judgment results, and eye movement data: A = -lgT1 - N1 × 0.01 Where A is the result of dynamic visual acuity calculation; T1 is the size of the optotype model that is one size smaller than the size of the optotype model that the subject can recognize more than 60% of during the dynamic visual acuity measurement; N1 is the result correction coefficient, which is the number of optotype models that the subject can recognize at the current optotype model size level, i.e., level T1.

5. The comprehensive visual acuity evaluation system based on virtual reality according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the evaluation and calculation module performs the motion vision test, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display a moving target model against a preset background. The display parameters of the environment module are adjusted through the terminal input device, including the background color and target model color, target model movement speed, target model size, and target model generation area. The target model movement speed ranges from 0 to 5 m / s, and the target model movement direction is from far to near from the generation area to the subject's virtual reality headset. The subject inputs the judgment result of the target model through the controller. Every ten times constitutes a group. If the target model is judged correctly ≥ 6 times, it is recorded as a success, and a target model of one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and a target model of one size larger is selected for retesting. The test ends when the subject fails twice on the same size target model. The background color and target model color, target model size, target model movement speed, target model generation area, and judgment result are recorded during the test.

6. A visual target model, as described in claim 5, is a comprehensive visual acuity evaluation system based on virtual reality, characterized in that... When the evaluation calculation module performs dynamic vision testing, the motion trajectory of the visual target model in the virtual reality environment keeps the position of the visual target model and the distance between it and the subject unchanged, and moves tangentially along a spatial sphere 5m away from the subject.

7. The comprehensive visual acuity assessment system based on virtual reality according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the assessment and calculation module performs static visual acuity measurement, the environment module controls the virtual reality headset to display a static optotype model under a preset background. The virtual headset is adjusted based on the subject information recorded by the information recording module. The environment module displays the initial size of the optotype model. The subject inputs the judgment result of the optotype model through the controller. Every ten times is a group. If the optotype model is judged correctly ≥6 times, it is recorded as a success, and a optotype model one size smaller is selected for retesting. Otherwise, it is recorded as a failure, and a optotype model one size larger is selected for retesting. This continues until the subject fails twice on the same size optotype model, which is considered a test. The optotype model size, optotype model orientation, and judgment result are recorded during the test.

8. A method for comprehensive evaluation of visual acuity based on virtual reality, employing the comprehensive evaluation system for visual acuity based on virtual reality as described in any one of claims 1, 4, and 6, comprising the following steps: S1: The subject's basic information is entered in the information recording module of the host terminal. The subject wears a virtual reality headset and uses a single-handed control handle to complete the positioning of the virtual reality headset and the handle. S2: The static visual acuity measurement unit of the evaluation calculation module adjusts the initial visual target model appearing in the environment module according to the basic information of the subject in the information recording module. Then, when the visual target model appears, the size and opening direction of the visual target model are changed. The judgment result of the visual target model input by the subject in the handle is recorded. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates and stores the static visual acuity. S3: The dynamic vision training and testing unit adjusts the background parameters of the environment module and the color, size, opening direction, and movement speed of the visual target model. During the test, the visual target model is randomly generated and its parameters are automatically changed according to the subject's judgment result of the visual target model. The judgment result of the visual target model input by the subject in the handle is recorded. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates the dynamic vision and stores it. S4: Execute the motor vision training and testing unit: Adjust the background parameters of the environment module and the color, size and opening direction of the visual target model, the generation position and movement speed of the visual target model, and generate visual target models from far to near at different positions. During the test, the generation position and movement speed of the visual target model are automatically changed according to the subject's visual target model judgment results. After the test, the evaluation calculation module calculates and stores the motor vision. S5: Output the results calculated in S1-S4 of the above method to the test result interaction interface of the host terminal through the result module.

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