A magnetron high-frequency structure and a vacuum device

Abstract

This invention provides a high-frequency magnetron structure and vacuum device. The high-frequency magnetron structure includes: an anode tube with an anode resonant cavity; the outer peripheral sidewall of the anode tube includes at least two output structures; the output structure includes an output coupling port that penetrates the anode tube wall and communicates with the anode resonant cavity; and a microwave channel that communicates with the output coupling port. The high-frequency magnetron structure provided by this application is compact, small in size, low in cost, light in weight, requires low voltage, has a low magnetic field, requires a simple operating power supply, and has good phase stability. It also improves the output power of the magnetron and reduces the risk of high-frequency breakdown at the output coupling port. It is suitable for applications requiring high-power microwaves and can meet the high-power microwave requirements of most applications, especially in millimeter-wave, short-millimeter-wave, and even terahertz frequency bands.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vacuum electronics technology. More specifically, it relates to a magnetron and a vacuum device. Background Technology

[0002] High-power microwave weapons are a hot topic in the development of modern weaponry. They require the ability to output high-power microwaves, which can effectively achieve strong interference or damage to targets.

[0003] The key component of high-power microwave weapons is the high-power microwave source, which requires the microwave source to output high power. There are two ways to achieve high power: increasing the power of a single device and combining the power of multiple devices. However, there are few suitable high-power microwave sources, especially in the millimeter wave and above frequency bands, where the types of high-power microwave sources are limited, which restricts the application of high-power microwaves.

[0004] Among traditional vacuum microwave tubes, the magnetron has the highest pulse power. Ka-band magnetrons can output up to 100kW, and W-band magnetrons can output up to 10kW. However, traditional magnetrons have only one output port and are phase-incoherent, making it difficult to meet the high power requirements of most applications.

[0005] Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, it is necessary to provide a high-frequency magnetron structure and vacuum device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a magnetron and a vacuum device to solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a high-frequency structure for a magnetron, comprising: an anode tube having an anode resonant cavity;

[0009] The outer peripheral sidewall of the anode tube includes at least two output structures;

[0010] The output structure includes an output coupling port that penetrates the wall of the anode tube and communicates with the anode resonant cavity; and a microwave channel that communicates with the output coupling port.

[0011] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the radial cross-section of the output coupling port is rectangular;

[0012] The radial cross-section of the output coupling port has a long side L designed as: L = 0.5λ

[0013] The short side S of the radial cross-section of the output coupling port is designed as: S = (0.09 - 0.01N)λ

[0014] Where N represents the number of output structures and λ represents the wavelength of the output microwave.

[0015] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is that when there are two output structures, the included angle between the two output structures is 90°.

[0016] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is that the included angle α between two adjacent output structures is designed as: α = 360° / N

[0017] Where N represents the number of output structures.

[0018] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the output structure further includes:

[0019] A transition waveguide, an output window, and a standard waveguide are sequentially connected to the output coupling port;

[0020] The waveguide cavity of the transition waveguide, the inner cavity of the output window, and the waveguide cavity of the standard waveguide together form the microwave channel.

[0021] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the standard waveguide includes a flange for connection to an external component.

[0022] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the magnetron high-frequency structure further includes: a tuning tube connected to the top of the anode tube, and a cathode tube connected to the bottom of the anode tube.

[0023] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the radial cross-sections of the transition waveguide and the standard waveguide are rectangular, and the radial cross-section of the output window is circular.

[0024] The output window includes an output window plate made of ceramic material.

[0025] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the anode resonant cavity has multiple components; the inner cavity of the anode tube also includes multiple anode blades arranged in a circular pattern, with each anode blade corresponding to one of the multiple anode resonant cavities.

[0026] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a vacuum device, the vacuum device comprising the magnetron high-frequency structure as described in the first aspect.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] The high-frequency magnetron structure provided by this invention has at least two output structures arranged on the outer peripheral sidewall of the anode tube, each capable of outputting microwaves of a certain frequency and power. The microwave power and radio frequency output by each output structure are approximately the same, and the radio frequency phases are coherent, allowing for power combining. Under the same voltage and current conditions, the microwave power output by multiple output structures is increased by 38% to 45% compared to the microwave power output by a single output structure, and the operating efficiency is improved by 9% to 13%. The high-frequency magnetron structure provided by this application is compact, small in size, low in cost, light in weight, requires low voltage, has a low magnetic field, requires a simple operating power supply, and has good phase stability. It also improves the output power of the magnetron and reduces the risk of high-frequency breakdown at the output coupling port. It is suitable for applications requiring high-power microwaves and can meet the high-power microwave requirements of most applications, especially in millimeter-wave, short-millimeter-wave, and even terahertz frequency bands. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This diagram shows an overall structural schematic of a magnetron high-frequency structure provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 An exploded view of the output structure and the anode tube in a high-frequency magnetron structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Figure 3 The diagram shows the distribution of electrons in the cavity of the anode tube in a high-frequency magnetron structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 The illustration shows the fluctuation curve of the radio frequency signal output by one of the magnetron high-frequency structures provided in one embodiment of the present invention when the magnetron high-frequency structure has two output structures.

[0034] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the fluctuation curve of the radio frequency signal output by the other output structure when the magnetron high-frequency structure provided in one embodiment of the present invention has two output structures.

[0035] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the phase relationship between the radio frequencies output by the two output structures when the magnetron high-frequency structure provided in one embodiment of the present invention has two output structures.

[0036] Figure 7 The diagram shows the output radio frequency spectrum between the two output structures when the magnetron high-frequency structure provided in one embodiment of the present invention has two output structures.

[0037] Figure 8This represents the phase characteristic curve measured by a vector network analyzer when the magnetron high-frequency structure provided by this invention has two output structures in the Ka band.

[0038] Figure 9 This indicates the frequency phase difference between the two output structures of the magnetron high-frequency structure provided by this invention in the Ka band when it has two output structures. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0040] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0041] Technologies and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0042] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0043] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0044] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a high-frequency magnetron structure, such as... Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the magnetron includes: an anode tube 1 having an anode resonant cavity 11; the outer peripheral sidewall of the anode tube 1 includes at least two output structures. The output structures are used to output microwaves; each output structure includes an output coupling port 21 penetrating the wall of the anode tube 1 and communicating with the anode resonant cavity 11; and a microwave channel 22 communicating with the output coupling port 21. Microwaves generated in the magnetron sequentially pass through the output coupling port 21 and the microwave channel 22 of the output structures, thereby being transmitted to an external load.

[0045] In the above embodiments of this application, at least two output structures are provided on the outer peripheral sidewall of the anode tube 1, each capable of outputting microwaves of a certain frequency and power. The microwave power and radio frequency output by each output structure are approximately the same, and the radio frequency phases are coherent, allowing for power combining. Under the same voltage and current conditions, the microwave power output by multiple output structures is increased by 38% to 45% compared to the microwave power output by a single output structure, and the operating efficiency is improved by 9% to 13%. The magnetron high-frequency structure provided by this application is compact, small in size, low in cost, light in weight, requires low voltage, has a low magnetic field, requires a simple operating power supply, and has good phase stability. It also improves the output power of the magnetron and reduces the risk of high-frequency breakdown at the output coupling port 21. It is suitable for applications requiring high-power microwaves and can meet the high-power microwave requirements of most applications, especially suitable for millimeter-wave, short-millimeter-wave, and even terahertz frequency bands.

[0046] It should be noted that, Figure 2 Only one output structure is shown in the figure, and other output structures are not shown, but this does not mean that the high-frequency structure of the magnetron provided in this application has only one output structure.

[0047] In practical applications, the output coupling port 21 is a key dimension that affects the output microwave power and the degree of RF frequency coupling. If the coupling is too small, the output power will be small; if the coupling is too large, it will be difficult to start the interaction oscillation, that is, the process of electrons and high-frequency fields interacting in the interaction space 12 to form a stable oscillation is slow and the stability is reduced.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, the radial cross-section of the output coupling port 21 is rectangular. The radial cross-section refers to the cross-section cut along the axial direction of the magnetron. The long side L of the radial cross-section of the output coupling port 21 is designed as L = 0.5λ, and the short side S of the radial cross-section of the output coupling port 21 is designed as S = (0.09 - 0.01N)λ, where N represents the number of output structures and λ represents the wavelength of the output microwave. Therefore, the dimensions of the long and short sides of the radial cross-section of the output coupling port 21 will differ depending on the number of output structures and the output microwave wavelength. For example, when λ = 8.57 and N = 2, the long side L of the radial cross-section of the output coupling port 21 is 4.285 mm, and the short side S is 0.600 mm.

[0049] In practical applications, the included angle α between two adjacent output structures is designed as: α = 360° / N, where N represents the number of output structures. This design allows multiple output structures to be evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the anode tube 1, ensuring that the microwave power and radio frequency output by each output structure are approximately the same, and that the radio frequency phase coherence is achieved, enabling power combining. If the multiple output structures are not evenly distributed, then the microwave power and radio frequency output by each output structure will be unequal, and the radio frequency phase coherence will be greatly reduced, making power combining impossible.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, when there are two output structures, the angle between the two output structures can be 90° or 180°. When the angle between the two output structures is 90°, the entire magnetron high-frequency structure is more compact and easier to connect to external components. Moreover, compared with the angle between the two output structures, the power of the output microwave and the radio frequency are not much different when the angle between the two output structures is 90° and when the angle between the two output structures is 180°, which can still meet the usage requirements.

[0051] Specifically, when the output structure has two components, under the conditions of operating voltage 11.0kV, operating magnetic field 1.2T, and pulse current 8A, electron beam 14 interacts with the high-frequency field π mode, and the electron phase diagram is as follows. Figure 3 As shown, the electron beam 14 is located between the interaction space 12 and the anode resonant cavity 11. The distribution of the electron beam 14 clearly shows that the electron phase inside the magnetron's high-frequency structure is stable and unaffected by the number of output structures. The fluctuation curves of the RF signals output by the two output structures are shown below. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 This represents the fluctuation curve of the RF signal output by one of the output structures, with an output power of 15.1kW. Figure 5 The graph shows the fluctuation curve of the RF signal output from another output structure, with an output power of 15.3kW. This indicates that the RF signals output from the two structures are approximately equal and can be combined. The combined power is 30.4kW, with an efficiency of 34.5%. It should be noted that due to the rapid fluctuation of the RF signal, the resulting... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The fluctuations in the curve are not visible; Figure 6 This represents the phase relationship between the radio frequency (RF) outputs from two output structures. 01 represents the fluctuation curve of the RF signal output from one output structure, and 02 represents the fluctuation curve of the RF signal output from the other output structure. Therefore, with a time delay of 0.00285 ns and a phase difference of approximately 35°, phase coherence at the RF frequency is achieved. It should be noted that... Figure 6The curves represented by 01 and 02 in the figure represent respectively Figure 4 and Figure 5 A portion of the curve taken from the same time period; Figure 7 This represents the output RF spectrum between two output structures. 01 represents the RF spectrum of one output structure, and 02 represents the RF spectrum of the other output structure. It can be seen that the RF spectrum curves of the two output structures overlap and have the same frequency.

[0052] If other structures remain the same, under the same operating conditions (i.e., operating voltage 11.0kV, operating magnetic field 1.2T, pulse current 8A), the output microwave power of the output structure is 22kW, and the efficiency is 25%. Therefore, compared with a structure having only one output, the output power of the magnetron high-frequency structure with two output structures is increased by 38.2%, and the efficiency is increased by 9.5%.

[0053] Specifically applied in the Ka-band, the magnetron high-frequency structure provided in this application includes two output structures, which were then tested and evaluated. Figure 8 These are phase characteristic curves measured by a vector network analyzer. 1A refers to the power output of one of the output structures, 1B refers to the power output of another output structure, and 1C refers to the power difference between the two output structures within the same time frame. The output powers of the two output structures are 76.1 dBm (equivalent to 40.7 kW) and 75.3 dBm (equivalent to 33.8 kW), respectively.

[0054] Figure 9 This represents the frequency phase difference between the two output structures, where Figure 8 and Figure 9 Within the same time period t, the phase difference is 24.66°, the output power is relatively consistent, and the phase coherence is strong.

[0055] In one specific embodiment, the magnetron high-frequency structure further includes: a tuning tube 3 connected to the top of the anode tube 1, and a cathode tube 4 connected to the bottom of the anode tube 1. The anode tube 1 determines the resonance characteristics, the cathode tube 4 provides the required electrons, the output structure realizes energy coupling output, the tuning component adjusts the magnetron oscillation frequency, and the magnetron high-frequency structure also includes a magnetic system that provides the axial magnetic field required for interaction. The cathode tube 4 and the anode tube 1 are coaxially arranged. After applying a working voltage between the cathode and anode, under the action of orthogonal radial electric field and axial magnetic field, the electrons emitted by the cathode interact with the high-frequency field, transferring energy to the high-frequency field to achieve stable oscillation. The microwaves generated by the oscillation are coupled to an external load through the output structure to realize microwave output utilization.

[0056] In one specific example, the anode resonant cavity 11 has multiple components; the inner cavity of the anode tube 1 also includes multiple anode blades 13 arranged in a ring, with each anode blade 13 corresponding to one of the multiple anode resonant cavities 11. The output coupling port 21 is connected to one of the anode resonant cavities 11 to output the microwaves formed in the anode tube 1.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, the output structure further includes a transition waveguide 23, an output window 24, and a standard waveguide 25 sequentially connected to the output coupling port 21; the waveguide cavity of the transition waveguide 23, the inner cavity of the output window 24, and the waveguide cavity of the standard waveguide 25 together form the microwave channel 22. The design of the transition waveguide 23 and the output window 24 makes the microwave transmission process smoother and more stable when it is output from the anode tube 1.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the radial cross-sections of the transition waveguide 23 and the standard waveguide 25 are rectangular, while the radial cross-section of the output window 24 is circular. This results in low microwave transmission loss, minimal reflection, and a wide bandwidth. The output window 24 includes a ceramic output window 241, which does not obstruct microwave transmission. After being output from the output coupling port 21, the microwave sequentially passes through the transition waveguide 23, the output window 24, and the standard waveguide 25 before being input to the external load.

[0059] In one specific example, the outer wall of the standard waveguide 25 includes a flange 6 for connecting to an external component. The flange 6 is provided with a plurality of connection holes 61, through which an external load is connected to the output structure to output microwaves to the external load.

[0060] This application also provides a vacuum device, which includes the magnetron high-frequency structure described in the above embodiments. The vacuum device can output higher power and has a wider range of applications.

[0061] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-frequency structure for a magnetron, characterized in that, include: An anode tube with an anode resonant cavity; The outer peripheral sidewall of the anode tube includes at least two output structures; The output structure includes an output coupling port that penetrates the wall of the anode tube and communicates with the anode resonant cavity; and a microwave channel that communicates with the output coupling port. The radial cross-section of the output coupling port is rectangular; The radial cross-section of the output coupling port has a long side L designed as: L = 0.5λ The short side S of the radial cross-section of the output coupling port is designed as: S = (0.09 - 0.01N)λ Where N represents the number of output structures and λ represents the wavelength of the output microwave; The output structure also includes: A transition waveguide, an output window, and a standard waveguide are sequentially connected to the output coupling port; The waveguide cavity of the transition waveguide, the inner cavity of the output window, and the waveguide cavity of the standard waveguide together form the microwave channel; The anode resonant cavity has multiple components; the inner cavity of the anode tube also includes multiple anode blades arranged in a ring, each anode blade corresponding to one of the multiple anode resonant cavities, and the output coupling port is connected to one of the anode resonant cavities to output the microwaves formed in the anode tube.

2. The high-frequency magnetron structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, When there are two output structures, the included angle between the two output structures is 90°.

3. The high-frequency magnetron structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle α between two adjacent output structures is designed as follows: α = 360° / N Where N represents the number of output structures.

4. The magnetron high-frequency structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the standard waveguide includes a flange for connecting to external components.

5. The high-frequency magnetron structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetron high-frequency structure further includes: a tuning tube connected to the top of the anode tube, and a cathode tube connected to the bottom of the anode tube.

6. The high-frequency magnetron structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial cross-sections of the transition waveguide and the standard waveguide are rectangular, and the radial cross-section of the output window is circular. The output window includes an output window plate made of ceramic material.

7. A vacuum device, characterized in that, The vacuum device includes the magnetron high-frequency structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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