Single-sided beam management based on RF sensing over a bistatic air interface in millimeter-wave systems

Abstract

What is provided is a technique for single-sided beam management in a millimeter-wave (mmW) communication system using bistatic radio frequency (RF) sensing. An example method for tracking targets using bistatic RF sensing includes: receiving a scan reference signal; generating a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; transmitting the scan signal report; receiving tracking signal configuration information indicating a tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups; receiving the tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information; and tracking one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Wireless communication systems have evolved through several generations, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including temporary 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data, wireless services supporting the Internet, and fourth-generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and others.

[0002] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard (known as New Radio (NR)) demands higher data transmission speeds, more connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard is designed to provide tens of megabits per second (Mbps) of data rate for each of tens of thousands of users, or gigabits per second (Gbps) for dozens of workers on an office floor. To support the deployment of large sensors, it should support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections. Therefore, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communication should be significantly enhanced compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be improved, and latency should be substantially reduced compared to the current standard.

[0003] 5G enables wireless communication between network nodes (such as base stations, user equipment (UEs), vehicles, and automated factory machinery) using mmW RF signals. However, mmW RF signals can also be used for other purposes. For example, mmW RF signals can be used in weapon systems (e.g., as short-range fire control radar for tanks and aircraft), security inspection systems (e.g., scanners for detecting weapons and other dangerous objects carried under clothing), and medicine (e.g., for treating diseases by altering cell growth). Summary of the Invention

[0004] An example method for tracking a target using bistatic radio frequency sensing according to this disclosure includes: receiving a scan reference signal; generating a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; sending the scan signal report; receiving tracking signal configuration information indicating a tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups; receiving the tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information; and tracking one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

[0005] Implementations of this method may include one or more of the following features: Indicating one or more target groups may include: generating target group identification information for each of the one or more target groups. Receiving tracking reference signals may include: receiving tracking reference signals for each of the one or more target groups once. Tracking signal configuration information may include a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signals. The method may further include: determining measurements of scanning reference signals using one or more receive beams; comparing the measurements obtained on each of the one or more receive beams with a threshold; and generating a scanning signal report based on the one or more receive beams whose measurements are greater than the threshold. The measurements may be at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR). The scanning reference signals may include at least one of a combination selected from Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), and Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). Tracking signal configuration information may be received via at least one of Radio Resource Control messages, Medium Access Control control elements, or Downlink Control Information messages. Scanning signal reports may be transmitted via at least one Radio Resource Control message. Receiving tracking reference signals may be in response to sending a tracking request to a base station.

[0006] An example method for single-sided beam management using bi-station radio frequency induction according to this disclosure includes: transmitting a scan reference signal; receiving a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; transmitting tracking signal configuration information based on the scan reference signal and one or more target groups; and transmitting a tracking reference signal for each of the one or more target groups.

[0007] Implementations of this method may include one or more of the following features: The scanning reference signal may include at least one of a combination of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), and a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). Transmitting the Tracking Reference Signal may be in response to receiving a tracking request from a user equipment. The scanning signal report may include a signal identification value of the scanning reference signal. The scanning signal report may include one or more target group identification values ​​associated with the scanning reference signal. The scanning signal report may include a receive beam associated with the user equipment and measurements of the scanning reference signal received via the receive beam. The tracking reference signal may include at least one of a combination of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), and a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). Tracking signal configuration information may include a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal. The tracking signal configuration information may include target group identification information for each of one or more target groups. The tracking signal configuration information may be transmitted via at least one of a Radio Resource Control message, a Medium Access Control element, or a Downlink Control Information message.

[0008] An example apparatus for tracking a target using bi-station radio frequency sensing according to this disclosure includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, and configured to: receive a scan reference signal; generate a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; transmit the scan signal report; receive tracking signal configuration information indicating tracking reference signals associated with one or more target groups; receive tracking reference signals identified in the tracking signal configuration information; and track one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signals.

[0009] Implementations of this apparatus may include one or more of the following features. At least one processor may also be configured to: generate target group identification information for each of one or more target groups, and / or receive a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups once. Tracking signal configuration information may include a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal. At least one processor may also be configured to: determine measurements of the scanning reference signal using one or more receive beams; compare the measurements obtained on each of the one or more receive beams with a threshold; and generate a scanning signal report based on the one or more receive beams whose measurements are greater than the threshold. The measurements may be at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR). The scanning reference signal may include at least one of a combination selected from Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), and Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). The tracking signal configuration information may be received via at least one of a Radio Resource Control message, a Medium Access Control control element, or a Downlink Control Information message. The scanning signal report may be transmitted via at least one Radio Resource Control message. The tracking reference signal may respond to sending a tracking request to a base station.

[0010] An example apparatus according to this disclosure includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, and configured to: transmit a scan reference signal; receive a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; transmit tracking signal configuration information based on the scan reference signal and the one or more target groups; and transmit a tracking reference signal for each of the one or more target groups.

[0011] Implementations of this apparatus may include one or more of the following features: The scanning reference signal may include at least one of a combination of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), and a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). Transmitting the Tracking Reference Signal may be in response to receiving a tracking request from a User Equipment (UE). The scanning signal report may include a signal identification value of the scanning reference signal. The scanning signal report may include one or more target group identification values ​​associated with the scanning reference signal. The scanning signal report may include a receive beam associated with the UE and measurements of the scanning reference signal received via the receive beam. The tracking reference signal may include at least one of a combination of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), and a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB). Tracking signal configuration information may include a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal. The tracking signal configuration information may include target group identification information for each of one or more target groups. The tracking signal configuration information is transmitted via at least one of a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, a Medium Access Control (MECC) element, or a Downlink Control Information (SSI) message.

[0012] An example apparatus for tracking a target using bistatic radio frequency sensing according to this disclosure includes: means for receiving a scan reference signal; means for generating a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; means for transmitting the scan signal report; means for receiving tracking signal configuration information indicating a tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups; means for receiving the tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information; and means for tracking one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

[0013] An example apparatus according to this disclosure includes: a device for transmitting a scan reference signal; a device for receiving a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; a device for transmitting tracking signal configuration information based on the scan reference signal and one or more target groups; and a device for transmitting a tracking reference signal for each of the one or more target groups.

[0014] An example non-transitory processor-readable storage medium according to this disclosure, including processor-readable instructions configured to enable one or more processors to track targets using bi-station radio frequency sensing, comprises: code for receiving a scan reference signal; code for generating a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; code for sending the scan signal report; code for receiving tracking signal configuration information indicating a tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups; code for receiving a tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information; and code for tracking one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

[0015] An example non-transitory processor-readable storage medium according to this disclosure, comprising processor-readable instructions configured to enable one or more processors to perform single-sided beam management using bi-station radio frequency sensing, includes: code for transmitting a scan reference signal; code for receiving a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; code for transmitting tracking signal configuration information based on the scan reference signal and the one or more target groups; and code for transmitting a tracking reference signal for each of the one or more target groups.

[0016] The items and / or techniques described herein may provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as others not mentioned. A base station may transmit one or more scan reference signals. A user equipment may receive one of the scan reference signals via one or more receive beams through multiple non-line-of-sight paths. Target groups may be identified based on measurements of the received reference signals. Scan signal reports identifying one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signals may be sent to the base station. Tracking reference signals may be transmitted by the base station for each of the one or more target groups. The user equipment may track the target group associated with each transmitted tracking reference signal. Tracking reference signals may be quasi-co-located with the scan reference signals associated with the target groups. The overhead of radio frequency sensing message transmission may be reduced. Other capabilities may be provided, and not every embodiment of this disclosure is required to provide any (let alone all) of the capabilities discussed. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying figures are examples used to help describe one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter, and are for illustrative purposes only, not for limiting the scope of the examples:

[0018] Figure 1 Example wireless communication systems according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0019] Figure 2A and 2B Example wireless network architectures are shown according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0020] Figures 3A to 3C This is a simplified block diagram of several example aspects of components that can be used in wireless communication nodes and configured to support the communications taught in this paper.

[0021] Figure 4A An example monostatic radar system is shown.

[0022] Figure 4B An example bistatic radar system is shown.

[0023] Figure 5 This is an example graph showing the radio frequency (RF) channel response as it changes over time.

[0024] Figure 6 This illustrates an example single-target beam management use case for dual-station RF sensing.

[0025] Figure 7 This illustrates an example multi-target beam management use case for dual-station RF sensing.

[0026] Figure 8A This illustrates an example scan phase of dual-station radio frequency sensing.

[0027] Figure 8B This illustrates an example tracking phase using dual-station radio frequency sensing.

[0028] Figure 8C This is an example message stream for beam-dependent target tracking in dual-station radio frequency induction beam management.

[0029] Figure 9A An example use case for single-sided beam management of dual-station RF sensing is shown.

[0030] Figure 9B This is an example message stream for single-sided bi-station radio frequency induction beam management.

[0031] Figure 10 This is an example process flow for a method of single-sided beam management of bi-station radio frequency sensing.

[0032] Figure 11 This is an example process flow for a dual-station radio frequency sensing method for tracking targets. Detailed Implementation

[0033] This paper provides techniques for single-sided beam management in millimeter-wave (mmW) communication systems using bi-station radio frequency (RF) sensing. RF sensing can be viewed as consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities. For example, RF sensing can be used in applications such as health monitoring (e.g., heart rate detection, respiratory rate monitoring, etc.), gesture recognition (e.g., human activity recognition, key detection, sign language recognition), contextual information acquisition (e.g., location detection / tracking, direction finding, distance estimation), and automotive radar (e.g., intelligent cruise control, collision avoidance). In the examples, mmW RF signals (such as 3GPP NR FR2 / FR2x / FR4) are particularly suitable for distance detection applications. The systems and methods described in this paper provide beam management methods that enable base stations (BS) and / or user equipment (UE) to utilize RF sensing and object tracking employing a single reference signal. For example, during the scanning phase, the BS can be configured to transmit one or more inductive scan reference signals (SSRS), and one or more stations (e.g., BS, UE) can be configured to provide beam reports identifying target groups associated with a single SSRS. The BS can be configured to select one or more target groups for tracking based on the beam reports. During the tracking phase, the BS can be configured to provide sensing tracking information to the station and repeatedly transmit a Sensing Tracking Reference Signal (STRS) to enable the station to track one or more target groups associated with the SRS. These techniques are merely examples and not exhaustive.

[0034] Aspects of this disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings, which relate to various examples provided for illustration. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, well-known elements of this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid obscuring the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0035] As used herein, the terms “exemplary” and / or “example” mean “as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other aspects. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0036] Those skilled in the art will understand that the information and signals described below can be represented using a variety of different technologies and processes. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the description below can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, and in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0037] Furthermore, many aspects are described as a series of actions to be performed by elements of, for example, a computing device. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by a specific circuit (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Moreover, the series of actions described herein can be considered as being entirely contained within any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, cause or instruct the associated processor of the device to perform the functions described herein. Therefore, aspects of this disclosure can be implemented in several different forms, all of which are considered to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, any corresponding form of such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logically configured" to perform the described actions.

[0038] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” (BS) are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., motor vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be fixed and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT”, “Client Equipment”, “Wireless Equipment”, “Subscriber Equipment”, “Subscriber Terminal”, “Subscriber Station”, “User Terminal” or “UT”, “Mobile Equipment”, “Mobile Terminal”, “Mobile Station”, or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and connect to other UEs. Of course, the UE can also have other mechanisms to connect to the core network and / or the Internet (such as through wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11, etc.)).

[0039] Depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, it can operate according to one of several RATs in communication with the UE and can be alternatively referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, NodeB, Evolved NodeB (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) Node B (also known as gNB or gNodeB), etc. The base station can primarily be used to support the UE's radio access, including supporting the data, voice, and / or signaling connections of the supported UE. In some systems, the base station can provide purely edge node signaling functions, while in others it can provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE sends signals to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station sends signals to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term "traffic channel (TCH)" can refer to an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0040] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP can be the antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be the antenna array of the base station (e.g., in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or in the case of beamforming at the base station). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected via a transmission medium to a common source) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to the serving base station). Alternatively, a non-co-located physical TRP can be the serving base station from which the UE receives measurement reports and a neighboring base station from which the UE measures its reference RF signal (or simply "reference signal"). Because a TRP is the point at which a base station transmits and receives radio signals, as used herein, references to transmitting from or receiving from a base station should be understood to refer to the specific TRP of the base station.

[0041] In some implementations that support UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support the UE's data, voice, and / or signaling connections), but may instead transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement by the UE, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to the UE) and / or a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0042] An “RF signal” refers to an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information across space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same RF signal transmitted between the transmitter and receiver on different paths can be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal,” where, as will be clear from the context, the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0043] refer to Figure 1 An example wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. Base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, macro base stations may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network, or a combination of both, and small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0044] Base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and is interfaced with core network 170 (e.g., Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or 5G Core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and is interfaced with one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of core network 170 or located outside core network 170) via core network 170. In addition to other functions, base station 102 can perform one or more functions related to transmitting user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and device tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of warning messages. Base station 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) via backhaul link 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0045] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., via a frequency resource referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with identifiers (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured based on different protocol types (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others) that provide access to different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to one or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. Furthermore, because the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographic coverage area (e.g., sector) of a base station, provided that the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some part of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0046] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the geographic coverage area 110' of small cell base station 102' may substantially overlap with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macro cell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) that can provide services to a limited group called a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0047] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric relative to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for the downlink than for the uplink).

[0048] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150, which communicates with a WLAN station (STA) 152 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz) via a communication link 154. When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-talk (LBT) process before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0049] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can increase the coverage and / or capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0050] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate in mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies for communication with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes RF. EHF ranges from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, and its wavelengths are between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW can extend to frequencies up to 3 GHz and wavelengths up to 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW radio bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it is understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it is understood that the above description is merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting any aspect of the disclosure herein.

[0051] Transmit beamforming is a technique that focuses RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectional). With transmit beamforming, the network node determines the location of a given target device (e.g., a UE) (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal. To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an antenna array (referred to as a "phased array" or "antenna array") whose beam can be "manipulated" to point a beam of RF waves in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the individual antennas add together to increase radiation in the desired direction while canceling out radiation in undesired directions.

[0052] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they appear to the receiver (e.g., the UE) as having the same parameters, regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network nodes themselves are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-located (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that specific parameters about the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0053] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a specific channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a specific direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when a receiver is said to be beamforming in a specific direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is higher than the beam gain in other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in all other directions available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0054] The received beam can be spatially correlated. Spatial correlation means that the parameters of the transmit beam (e.g., transmit or receive beam) of the second reference signal can be derived from information about the received beam of the first reference signal. For example, the UE can use a specific receive beam to receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., Position Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), etc.) from the base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the received beam to transmit one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., Uplink Position Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to the base station.

[0055] It's important to note that a "downlink" beam can be either a transmit or receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station forms a downlink beam to send a "reference signal" to the UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE forms a downlink beam, then it is a receive beam used to receive the downlink reference signal. Similarly, an "uplink" beam can be either a transmit or receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station forms an uplink beam, then it is an uplink receive beam, and if the UE forms an uplink beam, then it is an uplink transmit beam.

[0056] In 5G, the spectrum operated by radio nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems (such as 5G), one carrier frequency is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCell.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by UE 104 / 182 and the cell, where UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure within the cell. The primary carrier carries all general and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier on a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier that can be configured once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2). In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present on the secondary carrier because the primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier on which some base stations communicate, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0057] For example, still refer to Figure 1 One of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two aggregated 20MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40MHz) compared to the data rate achieved by a single 20MHz carrier.

[0058] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164 that can communicate with macro cell base station 102 on communication link 120 and / or with mmW base station 180 on mmW communication link 184. For example, macro cell base station 102 may support PCell and one or more SCells of UE 164, and mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells of UE 164.

[0059] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) that are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "side links"). Figure 1 In the example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 indirectly obtains cellular connectivity), and a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 indirectly obtains WLAN-based internet connectivity). In the example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can be supported using any known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), etc. wait.

[0060] refer to Figure 2A An example wireless network architecture 200 is illustrated. For example, the 5GC 210 (also referred to as the Next Generation Core (NGC)) can functionally be considered as control plane functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access data network, IP routing, etc.), which cooperate to form the core network. The user plane interface (NG-U) 213 and the control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210, specifically to the control plane functions 214 and user plane functions 212, respectively. In another configuration, the ng-eNB 224 can also connect to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215, thereby connecting to the control plane functions 214, and to the user plane functions 212 via the NG-U 213. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via the backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more ng-eNB 224s and gNB 222s. Either the gNB 222 or the ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1The location server 230 can communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically independent servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each can correspond to a single server. The location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204 that can be connected to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not shown). Furthermore, the location server 230 can be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, it can be located outside the core network.

[0061] refer to Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture 250 is shown. For example, 5GC 260 can be functionally considered as a control plane function provided by Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264 and a user plane function provided by User Plane Function (UPF) 262, which cooperate to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect ng-eNB 224 to 5GC 260, specifically to UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively. In an additional configuration, gNB 222 can also connect to 5GC 260 via control plane interface 265 to AMF 264 and user plane interface 263 to UPF 262. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223, regardless of whether there is a direct connection between gNB and 5GC 260. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 (The following describes any UE) communication. The base station of the new RAN 220 communicates with AMF 264 on the N2 interface and with UPF 262 on the N3 interface.

[0062] The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of Session Management (SM) messages between UE 204 and Session Management Function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of Short Message Service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Security Anchor Function (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)-based authentication, AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AUSSF. The functions of AMF 264 also include Security Environment Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF, which it uses to derive a network-specific key for access. The AMF 264 also includes functions for location service management for regulatory services, transmitting location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (as location server 230), transmitting location service messages between the new RAN 220 and LMF 270, Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification. Furthermore, the AMF 264 also supports functions for non-3GPP access networks.

[0063] The functions of UPF 262 include serving as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point for interconnection with a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, user plane Quality of Service (QoS) processing (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflected QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport layer packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 can also support the transmission of location service messages, such as Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) 272, on the user plane between UE 204 and the location server.

[0064] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic redirection in UPF 262 to route traffic to appropriate destinations, control of policy enforcement and QoS components, and downlink data notification. The interface on which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0065] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which can communicate with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically independent servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each can correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204 connected to the LMF 270 via the core network, the 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not shown). The SLP 272 can support similar functionality to the LMF 270, but while the LMF 270 can communicate with the AMF 264, the new RAN 220, and the UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to convey signaling messages rather than voice or data), the SLP 272 can communicate with the UE 204 and external clients on the user plane (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP). Figure 2B (Not shown) Communication.

[0066] In one respect, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 can be integrated into base stations such as the gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224. When integrated into the gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 can be referred to as a “Location Management Component” or “LMC”. However, as used herein, references to the LMF 270 and SLP 272 include cases where the LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the core network (e.g., 5GC 260), and cases where the LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the base station.

[0067] refer to Figure 3A , 3BFigures 3C and 3C illustrate several example components (denoted by corresponding boxes) that can be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or include any network functions described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) to support file transfer operations. It is understood that these components can be implemented in different types of devices in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-a-chip (SoC), etc.). The components shown can also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may include one or more components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0068] UE 302 and base station 304 each include Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, configured to communicate via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) (such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356 for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), etc.) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) on a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a set of time / frequency resources in a specific spectrum). Depending on the designated RAT, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be configured differently to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.), respectively. Specifically, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0069] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers 320 and 360. WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, for communication over a wireless communication medium of interest via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, etc.). (etc.) communicate with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc.). According to the specified RAT, WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured differently to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) respectively, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.) respectively. Specifically, transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 respectively.

[0070] Transceiver circuitry including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may, in some embodiments, comprise an integrated device (e.g., transmitter and receiver circuitry implemented as a single communication device), in some embodiments, comprise separate transmitter and receiver devices, or in other embodiments, may be implemented in a different manner. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that allow the corresponding device to perform transmit beamforming as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that allow the corresponding device to perform receive beamforming as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the corresponding device can only receive or transmit at a given time, rather than simultaneously receiving and transmitting. The wireless communication equipment of UE 302 and / or base station 304 (e.g., one or both of WWAN / WLAN transceivers 310 and 320 and / or 350 and 360) may also include network eavesdropping modules (NLMs) for performing various measurements.

[0071] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include Satellite Positioning System (SPS) receivers 330 and 370. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, to receive SPS signals 338 and 378, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations from other systems as needed and perform necessary calculations using measurements obtained through any suitable SPS algorithm to determine the positioning of UE 302 and base station 304.

[0072] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include at least one network interface 380 and 390 for communicating with other network entities. For example, network interfaces 380 and 390 (e.g., one or more network access ports) can be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, network interfaces 380 and 390 can be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired or wireless signal communication. Such communication may involve, for example, sending and receiving messages, parameters, and / or other types of information.

[0073] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. UE 302 includes processor circuitry implementing processing system 332 for providing, for example, RF sensing-related functions, as well as providing other processing functions. Base station 304 includes processing system 384 for providing, for example, RF sensing-related functions, as disclosed herein, as well as providing other processing functions. Network entity 306 includes processing system 394 for providing, for example, RF sensing-related functions, as disclosed herein, as well as providing other processing functions. In one aspect, processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry.

[0074] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include memory circuitry implementing memory components 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may each include RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398. RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry, respectively, as part of or coupled to processing systems 332, 384, and 394, which, when executed, enable UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein. In other respects, RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398 may be located external to processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules (e.g., stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively) Figures 3A-3C As shown), when executed by processors 332, 384, and 394 (or modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), it causes UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein.

[0075] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to processing system 332 to provide motion and / or orientation information, independent of motion data derived from signals received by WWAN transceiver 310, WLAN transceiver 320, and / or SPS receiver 330. For example, sensor 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate positioning in 2D and / or 3D coordinate systems.

[0076] In addition, UE 302 includes a user interface 346 for providing instructions to the user (e.g., audio and / or visual instructions) and / or receiving user input (e.g., when the user triggers a sensing device such as a keypad, touchscreen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0077] Referring more specifically to processing system 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 can be provided to processing system 384. Processing system 384 can implement the functions of the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 can provide: RRC layer functions associated with the broadcasting of system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), measurement configuration of inter-RAT mobility and UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with the transmission of upper-layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority processing, and logical channel priority.

[0078] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 can implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (including the physical (PHY) layer) can include error detection of the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation diagram based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying the time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially pre-coded to produce multiple spatial streams. The channel estimate from the channel estimator can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as spatial processing. The channel estimate can be derived from the reference signal transmitted by UE302 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. Transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0079] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to processing system 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. Then, the data and control signals are provided to the processing system 332 that implements the functions of the third layer and the second layer.

[0080] In the uplink, processing system 332 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. Processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

[0081] Similar to the functions described in conjunction with downlink transmissions of base station 304, processing system 332 provides: RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with transmission of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority processing, and logical channel priority.

[0082] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0083] Uplink transmissions are handled at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function in UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals through its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to processing system 384.

[0084] In the uplink, processing system 384 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from processing system 384 can be provided to the core network. Processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

[0085] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figures 3A-3C The boxes shown are intended to include various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it will be understood that the boxes shown may have different functions in different designs.

[0086] Various components of UE 302, base station 304 and network entity 306 can communicate with each other on data buses 334, 382 and 392 respectively. Figures 3A-3C The components can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Figures 3A-3C The components can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Each circuit may use and / or include at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that function. For example, some or all of the functions represented by blocks 310 to 346 can be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functions represented by blocks 350 to 388 can be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functions represented by blocks 390 to 398 can be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the positioning entity," etc. However, it is understood that such operation, action and / or function can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE, base station, positioning entity, etc., such as processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory components 340, 386 and 396, RF sensing components 342, 388 and 398, etc.

[0087] Wireless communication signals transmitted between the UE and the base station (e.g., RF signals configured to carry OFDM symbols) can be reused for ambient sensing (also known as "RF sensing" or "radar"). Ambient sensing using wireless communication signals can be viewed as a consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities, enabling contactless / device-free interaction with devices / systems, among other features. Wireless communication signals can be cellular communication signals, such as LTE or NR signals, WLAN signals, etc. As a specific example, the wireless communication signal can be an OFDM waveform used in LTE and NR. High-frequency communication signals (such as mmW RF signals) are particularly advantageous for use as radar signals because higher frequencies provide at least more accurate range (distance) detection.

[0088] Generally speaking, there are different types of radar, especially monostatic radar and bistatic radar. Figure 4A and 4B Two of these different types of radar are shown. Specifically, Figure 4A Figure 400 shows the situation of a single-station radar, and Figure 4B Figure 430 shows the configuration of a bistatic radar. Figure 4A In this configuration, base station 402 can be configured for full-duplex operation, thus allowing the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) to co-locate. For example, a transmitted radio frequency (RF) signal 406 can be reflected from a target object (such as building 404), and the receiver on base station 402 is configured to receive and measure the reflected beam 408. This is a typical use case for conventional or traditional radar. Figure 4B In this example, base station 405 can be configured as a transmitter (Tx), and UE 432 can be configured as a receiver (Rx). In this example, the transmitter and receiver are not co-located; that is, they are separate. In this example, base station 405 can be configured to transmit RF signal 406 as a fully downlink RF signal that can be received by UE 432. A portion of the RF signal 406 may be reflected or refracted by building 404, and UE 432 can receive this reflected signal 434. This is a typical use case for RF sensing based on wireless communication (e.g., WiFi-based, LTE-based, NR-based). It should be noted that although... Figure 4B The diagram illustrates the use of downlink RF signals as RF sensing signals, but uplink RF signals can also be used as RF sensing signals. In the downlink case, as shown, the transmitter is base station 405 and the receiver is UE 432, while in the uplink case, the transmitter is UE and the receiver is base station.

[0089] For more detailed information, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4BBase station 405 transmits an RF sensing signal (e.g., PRS) to UE 432, but some of the RF sensing signal is reflected from a target object (such as building 404). UE 404 can measure the ToA of the RF signal 406 received directly from the base station, as well as the ToA of the reflected signal 434 reflected from the target object (e.g., building 404).

[0090] Base station 405 can be configured to transmit RF signal 406 as multiple RF signals to receiver (e.g., UE 432). However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, UE 432 can receive multiple RF signals corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. Each path can be associated with a cluster of one or more channel taps. Generally, the time when the receiver detects the first channel tap cluster is considered to be the ToA of the RF signal on the line-of-sight (LOS) path (i.e., the shortest path between the transmitter and receiver). Subsequent channel tap clusters are considered to be reflected off objects between the transmitter and receiver, and therefore along the non-LOS (NLOS) path between the transmitter and receiver.

[0091] Therefore, return Figure 4B RF signal 406 travels along the LOS path between base station 405 and UE 432, and reflected signal 434 represents the RF induced signal traveling along the NLOS path between base station 405 and UE 432 due to reflection from building 404 (or another target object). Base station 405 may have transmitted multiple RF induced signals ( Figure 4B (Not shown), some of the RF sensing signals follow the LOS path, while others follow the NLOS path. Alternatively, base station 405 may transmit a single RF sensing signal in a sufficiently wide beam, with a portion of the RF sensing signal following the LOS path and a portion following the NLOS path.

[0092] Based on the difference between the ToA of the LOS path, the ToA of the NLOS path, and the speed of light, UE 432 can determine the distance to building 404. Furthermore, if UE 432 is capable of receive beamforming, it can determine the approximate direction to building 404 as the direction of the reflected signal 434, which is the received RF induced signal along the NLOS path. UE 432 can then selectively report this information to transmitting base station 405, an application server associated with the core network, an external client, a third-party application, or other entities. Alternatively, UE 432 can report the ToA measurement to base station 405 or other entities, and base station 405 can determine the distance and selectively determine the direction to the target object.

[0093] It should be noted that if the RF sensing signal is an uplink RF signal sent by UE 432 to base station 405, then base station 405 will perform object detection based on the uplink RF signal, just as UE 432 does based on the downlink RF signal.

[0094] refer to Figure 5 Example icon 500 is shown illustrating the RF channel response of a receiver (e.g., any UE or base station described herein) over time. Figure 5 In the example, the receiver receives multiple (four) channel tap clusters. Each channel tap represents the multipath along which the RF signal travels between the transmitter (e.g., any UE or base station described herein) and the receiver. That is, the channel tap represents the arrival of the RF signal along the multipath. Each channel tap cluster indicates that the corresponding multipath is substantially along the same path. Different clusters may exist because the RF signals are transmitted on different transmit beams (and therefore at different angles), or because of the propagation characteristics of the RF signals (which may result in very different paths due to reflection), or both.

[0095] exist Figure 5 Under the channel shown, the receiver receives a first cluster of two RF signals at the channel tap at time T1, a second cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T2, a third cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T3, and a fourth cluster of four RF signals at the channel tap at time T4. Figure 5 In the example, because the first cluster of RF signals arrives first at time T1, it is assumed to be a LOS data stream (i.e., a data stream arriving at LOS or the shortest path), and can correspond to Figure 4B The LOS path shown is (e.g., RF signal 406). The third cluster at time T3 consists of the strongest RF signal and can correspond to... Figure 4B The NLOS path shown is (e.g., reflected signal 434). It should be noted that, although... Figure 5 Clusters with 2 to 5 channel taps are shown, but it is understood that clusters may have more or fewer channel taps than the number shown.

[0096] refer to Figure 6This illustrates an example single-target beam management use case 600 for bi-station radio frequency sensing. Use case 600 includes a base station 602, such as a 5G NR gNB configured to transmit multiple beamforming signals along different azimuth and / or elevation angles, and a UE 610 configured to utilize receive beamforming to improve signal gain based on angle of arrival. Base station 602 can be configured to generate N different reference beams and various azimuth, elevation, and / or beamwidths. In the example, the beams transmitted by base station 602 can be based on SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, or PRS resource sets. Other sensing and tracking reference signals can also be used. UE 610 can be configured to utilize phase shifters and other software and hardware techniques to generate receive beams, such as a first receive beam 612, a second receive beam 614, and a third receive beam 616. UE 610 can also be configured to utilize beamforming of the transmitted beams. Base station 602 can transmit a first, reflectible reference signal 604 in the direction of a target object (such as building 404), and UE 610 can receive the reflected signal 606 using a first receive beam 612. The reflected signal 606 represents the NLOS path from the first reference signal 604 to UE 610. Base station 602 also transmits a second reference signal 608 on a second beam. In one example, the second reference signal 608 can be quasi-co-located (QCL) with the first reference signal 604. UE 610 uses a second receive beam 614 to receive the second reference signal 608. The second reference signal 608 is the LOS path to UE 610.

[0097] In operation, UE 610 can be configured to report the channel response of each of the first reference signal 604 and the second reference signal 608 to base station 602 or another serving cell, and base station 602 can be configured to manage transmit and receive beam pairs for object sensing. For example, base station 602 can be configured to provide UE 610 with transmit and receive beam identification information to track objects such as building 404. The beam identification information may be a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) sent in a DCI message, which includes configurations such as the QCL relationship between the transmit and receive beams.

[0098] For further reference Figure 6 In case of reference Figure 7 This illustrates an example multi-objective use case 700 for dual-station RF sensing. Use case 700 is extended by including a second objective. Figure 6The single-target use case 600. By way of example and not limitation, the second target could be a second building 704. The number and nature of targets can vary depending on the environment and the radio sensing application. In use case 700, base station 602 transmits a third reference signal 702, which is reflected by the second building 704, and the resulting reflected signal 708 is detected by the second receive beam 614 of UE 610. UE 610 can report the channel response of the third reference signal 702, indicating that a measurement can be obtained using the second receive beam 614. Base station 602 is configured to manage the beam pair associated with the second target (i.e., the third reference signal 702 and the second receive beam 614). Additional targets and corresponding beam pairs can also be managed by base station 602. Base station 602 can be configured to track one or more targets, and thus can provide the corresponding beam pair information as the QCL / TCI of the corresponding target to UE 610.

[0099] refer to Figure 8A An example scan phase 800 employing bi-station RF sensing is illustrated. Base station 802 is an example of base station 304 and is configured to transmit multiple beamforming reference signals at different azimuth angles, elevation angles, and / or beamwidths. The reference signals may be SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or inductive scan reference signals (SSRS) configured for RF sensing applications. UE 810 is an example of UE 302 and may be configured to perform receive beam scanning along different azimuth angles, elevation angles, and / or beamwidths relative to the orientation of UE 810. In operation, base station 802 may transmit one or more reference signals sequentially (i.e., beam scanning), and UE 810 is configured to perform beam scanning through different receive beams. Scan phase 800 may be used to initially detect potential objects to be tracked via RF sensing. For example, a first reference signal 804 may be reflected by a first object 820a, and a first reflected reference signal 804a may be detected by UE 810. UE 810 can cycle through different receive beams, such as the first receive beam 812, the second receive beam 814, and the third receive beam 816. For example... Figure 8A As depicted, the first reflected reference signal 804a can be received using the first receiving beam 812. The UE 810 can also detect the second reference signal 805 via the LOS path using the second receiving beam 814. Beam scanning on the base station 802 can generate a third reference signal 806, which is reflected on the second object 820b, and the third reflected reference signal 806a is received by the UE 810 on the third receiving beam 816.

[0100] In an embodiment, UE 810 can be configured to detect a target based on the RSRP of the received signals. For example, UE 810 can report RSRP values ​​associated with the first reference signal 804 and the third reference signal 806 that are higher than a threshold. The threshold can be a fixed value, or it can be reduced based on the RSRP of a LOS signal (such as the second reference signal 805). UE 810 is configured to report one or more channel measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR) associated with the received reference signals to base station 802 or other network nodes. Measurements obtained during the scanning phase 800 can be used in the subsequent tracking phase.

[0101] For further reference Figure 8A In case of reference Figure 8B An example tracking phase 850 employing dual-station radio frequency induction is shown. (Continued) Figure 8A For example, base station 802 (or another network node in wireless communication system 100) can determine to track one or more objects detected during scan phase 800. For instance, base station 802 may choose to track a first object 820a and will send beam configuration information to UE 810 to enable UE 810 to track the first object 820a. The beam configuration information may include reference signal information and receive beam configuration information for UE 810. Base station 802 may utilize an inductive tracking reference signal (STRS) based on a first reference signal 804 to track or refine measurements associated with the first object. In this example, the STRS may be QCL with the corresponding SSRS (i.e., the first reference signal 804). SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, and PRS can be used as STRS. Other reference signals may also be developed and used as STRS. The beam configuration information sent to UE 810 may be transmitted via RRC, Media Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE), DCI, or other signaling protocols. After receiving the beam configuration information, UE 810 can, for example, use the first receive beam 812 with STRS to detect the first object 820a.

[0102] Base station 802 can be configured to track multiple targets based on the number of reference signals that base station 802 can generate. In an embodiment, base station 802 can be configured to track one object for each reference signal. For example, base station 802 can track a second object 820b by generating a second SRS based on a third reference signal 806. The beam configuration information sent to UE 810 may include corresponding receive beam information (e.g., a third receive beam 816) and beam parameters of the second SRS provided by UE 810 during scan phase 800. Therefore, UE 810 can be configured to track a first object 820a and a second object 820b simultaneously. Up to the number of additional objects generated by base station 802 can be tracked.

[0103] For further reference Figure 8A and 8B In case of reference Figure 8C Example message flow 870 of beam-dependent target tracking employing bi-station RF-inductive beam management is illustrated. Message flow 870 represents at least a portion of the signals exchanged between base station 802 (e.g., gNB) and UE 810 during scan phase 800 and track phase 850. Base station 802 transmits one or more DL scan inductive reference signals (DL SSRS) 872, such as a first reference signal 804, a second reference signal 805, and a third reference signal 806. DL SSRS 872 may be an SS block, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or other existing or future reference signals configured for channel sounding or specifically for RF inductive measurements. UE 810 is configured to transmit a beam information report 874 based on measurements associated with received DL SSRS. The beam information report may include, for example, one or more of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR values ​​associated with DL SSRS exceeding a threshold. Beam information report 874 may also include received beam information associated with DL SSRS exceeding a threshold. Beam information report 874 can be transmitted via RRC message or sent in other UL signaling.

[0104] In phase 876, base station 802 is configured to select a target for tracking based at least in part on beam information report 874 sent by UE 810. The selection of an object for tracking may be based on upper-layer configuration parameters or other operational considerations. For example, anticipated loss / degradation of the LOS path with the UE (e.g., due to extreme weather) may cause the network to need to track static objects. Furthermore, although... Figures 8A-8C The example depicts a single base station and a single UE, but additional base stations and UEs can also be used to scan and track objects. SSRS can be associated with specific base stations and beams (e.g., TRP-ID with PRS-ID), and the network can be configured to aggregate arrival beam information reports for beams associated with other base stations and multiple UEs.

[0105] In tracking phase 850, base station 802 may transmit tracking configuration information 878 for the targets selected in phase 876. The tracking configuration information may include a sensing tracking reference signal (STRS) associated with each selected target. The STRS may be QCL-compliant with the corresponding SSRS 872 transmitted in scanning phase 800. The tracking configuration information 878 may include received beam information based on beam information report 874. The tracking configuration information 878 may be provided via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or other network signaling. The tracking configuration information 878 may be UE-specific or target-specific. Base station 802 transmits DL sensing tracking reference signals (STRS) 880 based on the targets selected in phase 876. In this example, each target may be associated with STRS 880. The STRS may be an SS block, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or other current and future reference signals developed for RF sensing applications.

[0106] In phase 882, UE 810 is configured to track the target associated with STRS 880. For example, UE 810 can use a first receive beam 812 to receive the STRS based on a first reference signal 804 to detect a first object 820a. If a second object 820b is also selected in phase 876, UE 810 can be configured to receive the second STRS using a third receive beam 816 (which may be QCL with the third reference signal 806). In this example, STRS 880 can be periodic or aperiodic (e.g., event-driven).

[0107] refer to Figure 9A This illustrates an example use case 900 for single-sided beam management with bistatic RF sensing. Each target can be identified using a single reference signal. Figures 8A-8C In contrast to the examples in the previous example, use case 900 emphasizes a scenario where multiple target groups are detected using a single reference signal. For example, base station 902 is an example of base station 304 and is configured to transmit multiple beamformed reference signals at different angles, elevation angles, and / or beamwidths. The first reference signal 904 can be configured as SSRS and / or STRS and is received by UE 910 via multiple paths. For example, the first reference signal 904 can be reflected from a first target 905a and a second target 905b and received by a first receiving beam 912. The first reference signal 904 can be received by a second receiving beam 914 via a LOS path and via an NLOS path including reflections from a third target 906. The first reference signal 904 can also be reflected from a fourth target 908 and received via a third receiving beam 916. Since... Figure 9AAll targets in the target group are associated with the same reference signal (i.e., the first reference signal 904), which is insufficient to uniquely identify each target. In this use case, the UE 910 can be configured to assign explicit target group identifiers to distinguish target groups. In embodiments, target groups can be based on receive beams 912, 914, and 916. For example, the first target group includes first target 905a and second target 905b, the second target group includes third target 906, and the third target group includes fourth target 908. The relative positions and numbers of objects in a target group are merely examples and not limitations. The UE 910 can utilize wider or narrower receive beams and can be configured to distinguish targets based on different receive beams and corresponding reference signal measurements. For example, when received on the first receive beam 912, the second receive beam 914, and the third receive beam 916, the RSRP of the first reference signal 904 may exceed a threshold. Figure 9A As depicted, the first reference signal 904 is not detected on the fourth receive beam 918 (or the RSRP is below a threshold). The UE 910 can assign a first target group identifier (e.g., target group 1) to the first target 905a and the second target 905b, a second target group identifier (e.g., target group 2) to the target 906, and a third target group identifier (e.g., target group 3) to the fourth target 908. The target group identifiers and corresponding reference signal identifier information can be reported to the base station 902. In an embodiment, the UE 910 can be configured to provide the base station 902 with the RSRP value and the corresponding receive beam indication, and the base station 902 (or other network node) can be configured to assign target group identifiers.

[0108] For further reference Figure 9A In case of reference Figure 9BThe diagram illustrates an example message flow 950 for unilateral bi-station RF sensing beam management. Message flow 950 represents at least a portion of the signals exchanged between base station 902 (e.g., gNB) and UE 910 during scan phase 800 and track phase 850. Base station 902 transmits one or more DL scan sensing reference signals (DLSSRS) 952, such as a first reference signal 904. The DL SSRS 952 may be an SS block, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or other existing or future reference signals configured for channel sounding or specifically for RF sensing measurements. UE 910 is configured to transmit a beam and target group information report 954 based on measurements associated with the received DL SSRS. The beam and target group information report 954 may include, for example, one or more of RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR values ​​associated with DL SSRS exceeding a threshold. If multiple target groups are detected, the beam and target group information report 954 may also include multiple target group identification values. For example, target group identification values ​​can be generated by UE 910 based on objects detected by different receive beams, such as a first target group including a first target 905a and a second target 905b detected by a first receive beam 912, a second target group including a third target 906 detected by a second receive beam 914, and a third target group including a fourth target 908 detected by a third receive beam 916. In this example, UE 910 can include receive beam identification information in the beam and target group information report 954. Base station 902 can be configured to assign different target group identification values ​​based on the receive beam identification information. The beam and target group information report 954 can be transmitted via RRC messages or sent in other UL signaling.

[0109] In phase 956, base station 902 is configured to select one or more target groups for tracking, at least in part, based on beam and target group information report 954 transmitted by UE 910. The selection of target groups for tracking may be based on upper-layer configuration parameters or other operational considerations. Furthermore, although Figure 9A The example depicts a single base station and a single UE, but additional base stations and UEs can be used to scan and track objects. SSRS can be associated with specific base stations and beams (e.g., TRP-ID vs. PRS-ID), and received beam and / or target group identification values ​​can be associated with reporting UEs (e.g., UE identification information). The network can be configured to aggregate beam and target group information reports arriving for beams associated with other base stations and multiple UEs.

[0110] In tracking phase 850, base station 902 may transmit tracking and target group configuration information 958 for the target group selected in phase 956. Tracking and target group configuration information 958 may include an inductive tracking reference signal (STRS) associated with the selected target group. The STRS may be QCL-compliant with the corresponding SSRS transmitted in scanning phase 800. Tracking and target group configuration information 958 may include target group identification information based on beam and target group information report 954. Tracking and target group configuration information 958 may be provided via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or other network signaling. Tracking and target group configuration information 958 may be specific to UE 910 or specific to one or more selected target groups. In operation, when multiple target groups are associated with signals STRS (e.g., ... Figure 9B When depicting a SRS#A) association, the tracking and target group configuration information 958 indicates that the number of times the SRS is repeated is equal to the number of target groups to be tracked. The tracking and target group configuration information 958 may also include the repetition pattern (e.g., period, time offset, interval, etc.) used to repeat the SRS and the corresponding target group identifier for the target groups to be tracked.

[0111] Base station 902 is configured to transmit DL Sensing Tracking Reference Signals (STRS) based on the target group selected in phase 956 and the repetition pattern in tracking and target group configuration information 958. For example, a first transmission 960a of DL STRS#A enables UE 910 to track a first target group in phase 962a, a second transmission 960b of DL STRS#A enables UE 910 to track a second target group in phase 962b, and a third transmission 960c enables UE 910 to track a third target group. STRS 960a to STRS 960c can be SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or other current and future reference signals developed for RF sensing applications. Tracking in phases 962a to 962c may include obtaining one or more reference signal measurements, such as RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR values ​​associated with the DL STRS. STRS 960a to STRS 960c can be QCL with SSRS 952, which serves as the basis for beam and target group information reporting 954. In the example, SRS 960a to SRS 960c can be event-driven based on a tracing request received from UE 910 or another network node.

[0112] For further reference Figures 1 to 9B In case of reference Figure 10The method 1000 for single-sided beam management using bi-station radio frequency induction includes the stages shown. However, method 1000 is merely an example and not a limitation. Method 1000 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing stages simultaneously, and / or dividing a single stage into multiple stages.

[0113] In phase 1002, the method includes transmitting a scan reference signal. Base station 304 is the device for transmitting the scan reference signal. In scan phase 800, a base station (such as base station 902) can be configured to transmit an inductive scan reference signal (SSRS) within a coverage area. The SSRS can be an existing beamforming communication reference signal, such as an SS block, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or other existing or future reference signals configured for channel sounding or specifically for RF sensing measurements. A single SSRS can be received by the UE via LOS and NLOS paths. The NLOS path can be reflected by one or more target groups. The scan phase can be initiated periodically or on demand based on signals from wireless communication system 100 or the UE. For example, the UE can initiate a scan phase by sending a tracking request to base station 304.

[0114] In phase 1004, the method includes receiving a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with a scan reference signal. Base station 304 is the device receiving the scan signal report. In the example, the UE may use one or more receive beams to receive the scan reference signal transmitted in phase 1002 and determine signal measurements of the received signal, such as RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR. The UE may receive the signal via LOS and NLOS paths. One or more thresholds may be used to determine if the reference signal is reflected from a target group associated with the receive beam. The UE may generate a scan signal report to notify the base station of signal identification values ​​and corresponding signal measurements. In the example, the UE may report identification information of scan reference signals on one or more receive beams whose RSRP is higher than a threshold level. The UE may include receive beam information and / or target group information in the scan signal report. Beam and target group information report 954 is an example of a scan signal report received by base station 304.

[0115] In phase 1006, the method includes transmitting tracking signal configuration information based on a scanning reference signal and one or more target groups. Base station 304 is the device that transmits the tracking signal configuration information. Base station 304 is configured to select an inductive tracking reference signal (STRS) based on the target group identified in the scanning signal report received in phase 1004 and the corresponding SSRS. The tracking signal configuration information includes beam parameter information to enable the UE to receive the STRS. In the example, the STRS may be QCL with the corresponding SSRS transmitted in phase 1002. Tracking and target group configuration information 958 is an example of tracking signal configuration information and may include target group identification information based on the beam and target group information in the scanning signal report received in phase 1004. The tracking signal configuration information may be transmitted via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or other network signaling. The tracking signal configuration information may be UE-specific or UE-specific to one or more selected target groups. In the example, the reference... Figure 9B When multiple target groups are associated with a signal SRS (e.g., SRS#A), the tracking signal configuration information indicates that the number of times the SRS is repeated is equal to the number of target groups to be tracked. The tracking signal configuration information may also include the repetition pattern (e.g., period, time offset, interval, etc.) used to repeat the SRS and the corresponding target group identifier for the target groups to be tracked.

[0116] In phase 1008, the method includes transmitting a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups. Base station 304 is the device that transmits the tracking reference signal. In the example, the STRS can be based on a communication reference signal, such as an SS block, CSI-RS, TRS, and PRS. Other reference signals and future reference signals developed for RF sensing applications can also be used. For each target group included in the tracking signal configuration information, the STRS is transmitted. For example, reference... Figure 9B The tracking signal configuration identifies a first target group, a second target group, and a third target group, and transmits STRS#A three times based on a repetition pattern (e.g., period, time offset, interval, etc.) provided in the tracking signal configuration. As an example and not a limitation, the period can be 0.1ms, 0.5ms, 1ms, 10ms, 20ms, etc. Other repetition patterns can also be used. In the example, the UE can be configured to provide updated signal measurements based on the tracking reference signal transmitted in phase 1008. The updated measurements can be included in a signal report, which includes beam identification information, target group identification, and measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.). The signal report can be provided via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or other network signaling protocols.

[0117] For further reference Figures 1 to 9B In case of reference Figure 11 Method 1100 for tracking a target using bi-station radio frequency sensing includes the stages shown. However, method 1100 is merely an example and not a limitation. Method 1100 can be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, performing stages simultaneously, and / or splitting a single stage into multiple stages.

[0118] In phase 1102, the method includes receiving a scan reference signal. UE 302 is the device receiving the scan reference signal. In scan phase 800, a base station (such as base station 304) can be configured to transmit an inductive scan reference signal (SSRS) over a coverage area. The SSRS can be an existing beamforming communication reference signal, such as an SS block, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS, or other existing or future reference signals configured for channel sounding or specifically for RF sensing measurements. UE 304 can utilize one or more receive beams to receive the scan reference signal. The scan phase can be initiated periodically or on demand based on a tracking request or other signal from wireless communication system 100 or UE 302.

[0119] In phase 1104, the method includes generating a scan signal report indicating one or more target groups associated with a scan reference signal. UE 302 is the device that generates the scan signal report. In scan phase 800, UE 302 can receive signals via LOS and NLOS paths using one or more receive beams, and can determine signal measurements, such as RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR, based on the signals received through the receive beams. One or more thresholds can be used to determine that the reference signal is reflected from the target group. UE 302 can generate a scan signal report to notify base station 304 of the signal measurements during the scan phase. In the example, the UE can report target group identification information for a receive beam where the RSRP of the scan reference signal is measured to be higher than a threshold level. The UE can optionally include receive beam information in the scan signal report. During tracking phase 850, UE 302 can be configured to refine the scan signal report based on signal measurements obtained with the tracking reference signal.

[0120] In phase 1106, the method includes: transmitting a signal report. UE 302 is the device transmitting the signal report. In the example, UE 302 may utilize RRC or other UL channels and / or UL messages to provide a scan signal report to one or more base stations. Beam and target group information report 954 is an example of a scan signal report transmitted by UE 302.

[0121] In phase 1108, the method includes receiving tracking signal configuration information indicating a tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups. UE 302 is the device receiving the tracking signal configuration information. Base station 304 is configured to select an inductive tracking reference signal (STRS) based on the selected target group. The STRS may be based on an SSRS beam identified in the scan signal report transmitted in phase 1106. The tracking signal configuration information includes beam parameter information to enable UE 302 to receive the STRS. In an example, the STRS may be QCL with the corresponding SSRS received in phase 1102. Tracking and target group configuration information 958 is an example of tracking signal configuration information and may include target group identification information based on beam and target group information in the scan signal report transmitted in phase 1106. The tracking signal configuration information may be transmitted via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or other network signaling. The tracking signal configuration information may be UE-specific or UE-specific to one or more selected target groups. In an example, the reference... Figure 9B When multiple target groups are associated with a signal SRS (e.g., SRS#A), the tracking signal configuration information indicates that the number of times the SRS is repeated is equal to the number of target groups to be tracked. The tracking signal configuration information may also include the repetition pattern (e.g., period, time offset, interval, etc.) used to repeat the SRS and the corresponding target group identifier for the target groups to be tracked.

[0122] In phase 1110, the method includes receiving a tracking reference signal identified in tracking signal configuration information. UE302 is the device that receives the tracking reference signal. In the example, the STRS can be based on communication reference signals such as SS blocks, CSI-RS, TRS, and PRS. Other reference signals and future reference signals developed for RF sensing applications can also be used.

[0123] In phase 1112, the method includes: tracking one or more target groups associated with a tracking reference signal. UE 302 is a device for tracking one or more target groups. UE 302 is configured to determine beam measurement information, such as RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR, for one or more tracking reference signals. For each target group included in the tracking signal configuration information, a STRS is transmitted, and for each target group, method 1100 iterates between phases 1110 and 1112. For example, reference... Figure 9BThe tracking signal configuration identifies three target groups: a first target group, a second target group, and a third target group. Based on the repetition pattern provided in the tracking signal configuration, a tracking reference signal (e.g., STRS#A) is transmitted three times. As an example and not a limitation, the period can be 0.1ms, 0.5ms, 1ms, 10ms, 20ms, etc. Other repetition patterns can also be used. In this example, UE304 can be configured to provide updated signal measurements based on the tracking reference signal. The updated measurements can be included in a signal report, which includes beam identification information, target group identification, and measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.). The signal report can be provided via RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or other network signaling protocols.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description can be represented using voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0125] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been generally described above according to their functionality. Whether this functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application; however, such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0126] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in other cases, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors integrated with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0127] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of both. The software module can reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. In other cases, the storage medium can be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). In other cases, the processor and storage medium can reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0128] In one or more exemplary aspects, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality can be stored on or transmitted on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer. For example (but not limitingly), such a computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave), then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave) is included in the definition of medium. The terms "disk" and "disc" as used in this article include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Magnetic discs typically copy data magnetically, while optical discs copy data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0129] While the foregoing disclosure illustrates aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made to this document without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to the aspects of the disclosure described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of this disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is also considered unless explicitly limited to the singular.

[0130] Examples of implementation methods are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0131] 1. A method for tracking a target using bistatic radio frequency sensing, comprising:

[0132] Receive scan reference signal;

[0133] Generate scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signals;

[0134] Send scan signal report;

[0135] Receive tracking signal configuration information indicating the tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups;

[0136] The tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information is received; and

[0137] Track one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

[0138] 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein instructing one or more target groups includes: generating target group identification information for each of the one or more target groups.

[0139] 3. The method according to Clause 1, wherein receiving the tracking reference signal comprises: receiving a tracking reference signal once for each of one or more target groups.

[0140] 4. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

[0141] 5. The method described in Clause 1 further includes:

[0142] One or more receiving beams are used to determine the measured value of the scanning reference signal;

[0143] The measurements obtained on each of one or more receiving beams are compared with a threshold; and

[0144] A scan signal report is generated based on one or more received beams whose measured values ​​are greater than a threshold.

[0145] 6. The method according to Clause 5, wherein the measured value is at least one of the following: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR).

[0146] 7. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the scanning reference signal comprises at least one selected from a combination of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0147] 8. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the tracking signal configuration information is received via at least one of a radio resource control message, a media access control element, or a downlink control information message.

[0148] 9. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the scan signal report is transmitted via at least one radio resource control message.

[0149] 10. The method according to Clause 1, wherein receiving the tracking reference signal is in response to sending a tracking request to the base station.

[0150] 11. A method for single-sided beam management using bistatic radio frequency induction, comprising:

[0151] Send scan reference signal;

[0152] Receive scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal;

[0153] Based on the scanning reference signal and one or more target groups, transmit tracking signal configuration information; and

[0154] Send a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups.

[0155] 12. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the scanning reference signal comprises at least one of a combination selected from the position reference signal (PRS), the tracking reference signal (TRS), the channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and the synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0156] 13. The method according to Clause 11, wherein sending the tracking reference signal is in response to receiving a tracking request from the user equipment.

[0157] 14. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the scan signal report includes a signal identification value of a scan reference signal.

[0158] 15. The method according to Clause 14, wherein the scan signal report includes one or more target group identification values ​​associated with the scan reference signal.

[0159] 16. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the scan signal report includes measurements of the receiving beam associated with the user equipment and the scan reference signal received via the receiving beam.

[0160] 17. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the tracking reference signal comprises at least one selected from a combination of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0161] 18. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

[0162] 19. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes target group identification information for each of one or more target groups.

[0163] 20. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the tracking signal configuration information is transmitted via at least one of a radio resource control message, a media access control element, or a downlink control information message.

[0164] 21. An apparatus for tracking a target using bistatic radio frequency sensing, comprising:

[0165] Memory;

[0166] At least one transceiver;

[0167] At least one processor, communicatively coupled to memory and at least one transceiver, is configured to:

[0168] Receive scan reference signal;

[0169] Generate scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signals;

[0170] Send scan signal report;

[0171] Receive tracking signal configuration information indicating the tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups;

[0172] The tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information is received; and

[0173] Track one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

[0174] 22. The apparatus according to Clause 21, wherein at least one processor is further configured to generate target group identification information for each of one or more target groups.

[0175] 23. The apparatus according to Clause 21, wherein at least one processor is further configured to receive a tracking reference signal once from each of one or more target groups.

[0176] 24. The apparatus according to Clause 21, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

[0177] 25. The apparatus according to clause 21, wherein at least one processor is further configured to:

[0178] One or more receiving beams are used to determine the measured value of the scanning reference signal;

[0179] The measurements obtained on each of one or more receiving beams are compared with a threshold; and

[0180] A scan signal report is generated based on one or more received beams whose measured values ​​are greater than a threshold.

[0181] 26. The apparatus according to Clause 25, wherein the measured value is at least one of Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR).

[0182] 27. The apparatus according to Clause 21, wherein the scanning reference signal comprises at least one selected from a combination of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0183] 28. The apparatus according to Clause 21, wherein tracking signal configuration information is received via at least one of a radio resource control message, a media access control element, or a downlink control information message.

[0184] 29. The apparatus according to Clause 21, wherein the scan signal report is transmitted via at least one radio resource control message.

[0185] 30. The apparatus according to Clause 21, wherein receiving the tracking reference signal is in response to sending a tracking request to the base station.

[0186] 31. An apparatus comprising:

[0187] Memory;

[0188] At least one transceiver;

[0189] At least one processor, communicatively coupled to memory and at least one transceiver, is configured to:

[0190] Send scan reference signal;

[0191] Receive scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal;

[0192] Based on the scanning reference signal and one or more target groups, transmit tracking signal configuration information; and

[0193] Send a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups.

[0194] 32. The apparatus according to clause 31, wherein the scanning reference signal includes at least one selected from a combination of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0195] 33. The apparatus according to clause 31, wherein transmitting the tracking reference signal is in response to receiving a tracking request from the user equipment.

[0196] 34. The apparatus according to clause 31, wherein the scan signal report includes a signal identification value of a scan reference signal.

[0197] 35. The apparatus according to clause 34, wherein the scan signal report includes one or more target group identification values ​​associated with the scan reference signal.

[0198] 36. The apparatus according to Clause 34, wherein the scan signal report includes measurements of a receiving beam associated with the user equipment and a scan reference signal received via the receiving beam.

[0199] 37. The apparatus according to clause 31, wherein the tracking reference signal comprises at least one selected from a combination of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0200] 38. The apparatus according to clause 31, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes a repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

[0201] 39. The apparatus according to Clause 31, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes target group identification information for each of one or more target groups.

[0202] 40. The apparatus according to clause 31, wherein the tracking signal configuration information is transmitted via at least one of a radio resource control message, a media access control element, or a downlink control information message.

[0203] 41. An apparatus for tracking a target using bi-station radio frequency sensing, comprising:

[0204] Device used to receive scan reference signals;

[0205] Device for generating scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with scan reference signals;

[0206] Device used to send scan signal reports;

[0207] Device for receiving tracking signal configuration information indicating a tracking reference signal associated with one or more target groups;

[0208] Device, used to receive a tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information; and

[0209] Devices used for tracking one or more groups of targets associated with a tracking reference signal.

[0210] 42. An apparatus comprising:

[0211] Device used to transmit scan reference signals;

[0212] A device for receiving scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with a scan reference signal;

[0213] Devices for transmitting tracking signal configuration information based on a scan reference signal and one or more target groups; and

[0214] A device used to transmit a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups.

[0215] 43. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions configured to enable one or more processors to track a target using dual-station radio frequency sensing, comprising:

[0216] The code is used to receive the scan reference signal;

[0217] Code used to generate scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with scan reference signals;

[0218] The code is used to send scan signal reports;

[0219] Code, which is used to receive tracking signal configuration information indicating tracking reference signals associated with one or more target groups;

[0220] Code, which is used to receive the tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information; and

[0221] Code, which is used to track one or more target groups associated with a tracking reference signal.

[0222] 44. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions configured to enable one or more processors to execute unilateral beam management using bi-station radio frequency induction, comprising:

[0223] The code is used to send a scan reference signal;

[0224] Code, used to receive scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal;

[0225] Code, which is used to send tracking signal configuration information based on a scan reference signal and one or more target groups; and

[0226] The code is used to send a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups.

Claims

1. A method for tracking a target using bistatic radio frequency sensing, comprising: Receive scan reference signal; Generate scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signals; Send scan signal report; Receive tracking signal configuration information indicating tracking reference signals associated with one or more target groups, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes target group identification information for each of the one or more target groups; The tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information is received; and Track one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Instructing one or more target groups includes: generating target group identification information for each of the one or more target groups.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Receiving tracking reference signals includes receiving the tracking reference signal once for each of one or more target groups.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The tracking signal configuration information includes the repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: One or more receiving beams are used to determine the measured value of the scanning reference signal; The measurements obtained on each of one or more receiving beams are compared with a threshold. as well as A scan signal report is generated based on one or more received beams whose measured values ​​are greater than a threshold.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The measured value is at least one of the following: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR).

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The scanning reference signal includes at least one of the following combinations: positioning reference signal PRS, tracking reference signal TRS, channel state information reference signal CSI-RS, and synchronization signal block SSB.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Tracking signal configuration information is received via at least one of radio resource control messages, media access control elements, or downlink control information messages.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The scan signal report is sent via at least one radio resource control message.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Receiving a tracking reference signal is in response to sending a tracking request to the base station.

11. A method for single-sided beam management using bistatic radio frequency induction, comprising: Send scan reference signal; Receive scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; Based on a scanning reference signal and one or more target groups, tracking signal configuration information is transmitted, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes target group identification information for each of the one or more target groups; as well as Send a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The scanning reference signal includes at least one of the following combinations: positioning reference signal PRS, tracking reference signal TRS, channel state information reference signal CSI-RS, and synchronization signal block SSB.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein, Sending a tracking reference signal is in response to receiving a tracking request from the user equipment.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The scan signal report includes the signal identification value of the scan reference signal.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, The scan signal report includes one or more target group identification values ​​associated with the scan reference signal.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The scan signal report includes measurements of the receive beam associated with the user equipment and the scan reference signal received via the receive beam.

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The tracking reference signal includes at least one of the following combinations: positioning reference signal PRS, tracking reference signal TRS, channel state information reference signal CSI-RS, and synchronization signal block SSB.

18. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The tracking signal configuration information includes the repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

19. The method according to claim 11, wherein, Tracking signal configuration information is transmitted via at least one of radio resource control messages, media access control elements, or downlink control information messages.

20. An apparatus for tracking a target using bistatic radio frequency sensing, comprising: At least one memory containing instructions; At least one transceiver; At least one processor is configured to execute instructions to cause the device to: Receive scan reference signal; Generate scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signals; Send scan signal report; Receive tracking signal configuration information indicating tracking reference signals associated with one or more target groups, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes target group identification information for each of the one or more target groups; The tracking reference signal identified in the tracking signal configuration information is received; and Track one or more target groups associated with the tracking reference signal.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein, At least one processor is further configured to cause the device to generate target group identification information for each of one or more target groups.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein, At least one processor is also configured such that the device receives a tracking reference signal once for each of one or more target groups.

23. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein, The tracking signal configuration information includes the repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

24. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein, At least one processor is also configured to cause the device to: One or more receiving beams are used to determine the measured value of the scanning reference signal; The measurements obtained on each of one or more receiving beams are compared with a threshold. as well as A scan signal report is generated based on one or more received beams whose measured values ​​are greater than a threshold.

25. An apparatus comprising: At least one memory containing instructions; At least one transceiver; At least one processor is configured to execute instructions to cause the device to: Send scan reference signal; Receive scan signal reports indicating one or more target groups associated with the scan reference signal; Based on a scanning reference signal and one or more target groups, tracking signal configuration information is transmitted, wherein the tracking signal configuration information includes target group identification information for each of the one or more target groups; as well as Send a tracking reference signal for each of one or more target groups.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The scanning reference signal includes at least one of the following combinations: positioning reference signal PRS, tracking reference signal TRS, channel state information reference signal CSI-RS, and synchronization signal block SSB.

27. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The scan signal report includes the signal identification value of the scan reference signal and one or more target group identification values ​​associated with the scan reference signal.

28. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The tracking signal configuration information includes the repetition pattern of the tracking reference signal.

29. An apparatus for tracking a target using bi-station radio frequency sensing, comprising components for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-10.

30. An apparatus for single-sided beam management using bi-station radio frequency induction, comprising components for performing the method according to any one of claims 11-19.

31. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions, said processor-readable instructions causing a processor of an apparatus for tracking a target using dual-station radio frequency sensing to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-10.

32. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions, the processor-readable instructions causing a processor of an apparatus for single-sided beam management using bi-station radio frequency induction to perform the method according to any one of claims 11-19.

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