Method for measuring accessibility of medical facilities based on characteristics of medical treatment travel of elderly people
By using residential neighborhoods as units and combining Amap and ArcGIS, an improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method was constructed to assess the accessibility of medical facilities for the elderly. This solves the problem of inaccurate assessment in existing studies and achieves more precise resource allocation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211732056.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-12-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing research on the accessibility of medical facilities for the elderly suffers from problems such as insufficient granularity of research units, data lag, and neglect of the diversity of travel modes for the elderly to seek medical care, resulting in inaccurate assessment results.
Using residential neighborhoods as units, combined with Amap API and ArcGIS, we calculated travel time costs and constructed an improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method, taking into account the weights of different levels of medical facilities and travel characteristics, to assess the accessibility of medical facilities for the elderly.
It improves the accuracy of accessibility assessments for medical facilities for the elderly, provides a scientific basis for spatial planning of medical facilities, and identifies and optimizes the allocation of resources in areas with limited resources.
Smart Images
Figure CN116205439B_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the field of spatial information technology, and particularly relates to a medical facility accessibility measurement method based on medical travel characteristics of the elderly. BACKGROUND
[0002] With the decline of the body function of the elderly, the increase of health vulnerability and the risk of illness, it is determined that the elderly, as a vulnerable group, have dynamic, normal and complex medical service needs. Under the background of the increasingly serious population aging, how to accurately measure the medical facility accessibility of the elderly group is the key to identifying areas with weak medical resources, optimizing the spatial allocation of medical resources and ensuring the fairness of medical and health services.
[0003] At present, the research on the medical service facility configuration for the elderly, as a vulnerable group, is gradually deepening, and the spatial accessibility is often used as the main evaluation method for the rationality of facility spatial configuration. Although scholars have conducted a large number of studies on this issue from different angles and continuously improved the related models and methods. However, the existing research still has some limitations. From the research scale, the spatial accessibility of medical service facilities often takes the city administrative district, street, community or regular grid as the analysis unit, and the statistical granularity of city administrative district, street and community unit is relatively coarse and lacks precision; the regular grid unit statistics is too idealized, which destroys the actual spatial texture and form of the city. From the data source, the key data for accessibility statistics measurement includes population data and travel cost data. The existing research generally uses population census, statistical yearbook or uses the number of residential communities, average population per household and urban aging rate to estimate the elderly population, but these methods not only have a lag but also cannot reflect the true situation of the distribution of the elderly population. Travel cost data, as the basic data for measuring accessibility, is often estimated by constructing a road network model in the existing research, but this kind of method based on experience accumulation lacks the grasp of the actual road conditions, and the calculation results are prone to large errors. In the increasingly complex urban transportation system, the elderly can reach medical facilities by multiple transportation modes. Due to the obvious differences in the functional positioning, resource scale, technical level and personnel allocation of different levels of medical facilities, the attractiveness of different levels of medical facilities to the elderly population also differs, and this difference in attractiveness often affects the choice of transportation mode and the difference in acceptable travel time of the elderly in medical travel. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the spatial distribution of accessibility under a single travel mode, ignores the diversification of medical travel modes of the elderly facing different levels of medical facilities, and homogenizes the research object without considering the selection preference of the elderly group for medical institutions. SUMMARY
[0004] The application aims to provide a medical facility accessibility measurement method based on the medical travel characteristics of the elderly, which is beneficial to accurately assess the medical facility accessibility of the elderly.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the application is as follows: a medical facility accessibility measurement method based on the medical travel characteristics of the elderly, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Step S1: divide the study area by residential blocks; spatialize the medical facility and elderly population data respectively;
[0007] Step S2: measure the travel time cost data of each residential block to the medical facility;
[0008] Step S3: construct an improved Gaussian two-step moving search method based on the medical selection and travel characteristics of the elderly population, and finally measure the medical facility accessibility of the elderly by the improved Gaussian two-step moving search method.
[0009] Further, in step S1, the specific method for dividing the study area is as follows: first, generate residential blocks based on road network data, and then identify and further correct the residential block data by means of remote sensing images and residential area boundary data on the basis of the preliminary division result.
[0010] Further, in step S1, the specific method for spatializing the medical facility is as follows: obtain medical facility data, including the level, address, type, and bed number information of each hospital, and then perform geographic coding and coordinate conversion to obtain the spatial distribution of medical facilities;
[0011] The specific method for spatializing the medical facility and elderly population data is as follows: according to the actual population data, filter out the population over 60 years old, use the geographic coding function in the Gaode Map API open platform to obtain the spatial point data of the elderly population in the study area according to their address information, and use the spatial connection tool of ArcGIS to map the elderly population to the residential blocks to obtain the spatial distribution of the elderly population in the study area.
[0012] Further, in step S2, the specific method for measuring the travel time cost data of each residential block to the medical facility is as follows:
[0013] First, use the coordinate conversion interface provided by the Gaode Map open platform to convert the coordinates of the supply points and demand points, i.e. the medical facilities and residential blocks, into Gaode Map coordinates;
[0014] Then, use a programming language to call the Gaode Map path planning interface to batch collect travel cost data under different traffic travel modes at different times, and then take the average value as the travel time of each demand point to the supply point.
[0015] Further, in step S3, according to the preferences of the elderly population for different levels of hospitals, the weights of different levels of medical facilities are set; according to the attractiveness of different levels of medical facilities to the elderly population, the time threshold acceptable by the elderly population using different modes of transportation to different levels of medical facilities is set, and the service threshold of different levels of medical facilities is obtained.
[0016] Further, in step S3, the specific method of the improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method based on the medical selection and travel characteristics of the elderly population is as follows:
[0017] 1) Calculate the supply-demand ratio of medical facilities, i.e. the service capacity of medical facilities:
[0018]
[0019] In the formula, R j is the supply-demand ratio of medical facility j; S j is the service capacity of medical facility j; t ij (M1), t ij (M2), and t ij (M3) are the travel times from residential neighborhood i to medical facility j under the walking, public transportation and driving modes, respectively; t0(M1), t0(M2) and t0(M3) are the maximum travel time thresholds acceptable by the elderly population under the walking, public transportation and driving modes, respectively; are the number of elderly people reaching medical facility j within the time threshold by walking, public transportation and driving, respectively; G is the time decay coefficient based on the Gaussian function, and its calculation formula under the walking mode (M1) is as follows:
[0020]
[0021] For the time decay coefficients of public transportation and driving modes, their calculation formulas are the same as formula (2);
[0022] 2) Calculate the sum of the supply-demand ratios of medical facilities reachable by each residential neighborhood within the time threshold, i.e. the medical facility accessibility of residential neighborhood i:
[0023]
[0024] In the formula, A i is the medical facility accessibility of residential neighborhood i, and the larger the value, the higher the medical facility accessibility level of the residential neighborhood; R j is the supply-demand ratio of hospital facility j; G ij (M1), G ij (M2), and G ij(M3) is the time decay coefficient based on the Gaussian function; and a1, a2, a3 are respectively the travel mode preferences of the elderly population when facing different levels of medical facilities.
[0025] Further, in step S3, the service capacity of the medical facility is represented by the number of hospital beds.
[0026] Further, in step S3, the specific method for measuring the medical facility accessibility of the elderly by the improved Gaussian two-step moving search method is as follows:
[0027] According to the medical treatment preferences of the elderly population facing different levels of hospitals, the comprehensive medical facility accessibility of the elderly is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[0028]
[0029] In the formula, A c is the comprehensive medical facility accessibility of the elderly, m is the number of hospital levels, is the medical accessibility of the nth level hospital, P n is the relative weight of the nth level hospital.
[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: a medical facility accessibility measurement method based on the medical treatment travel characteristics of the elderly is provided, which takes the residential block as the smallest research unit, considers the attractiveness of different levels of medical institutions to the elderly and the medical treatment travel characteristics of the elderly, improves the Gaussian two-step moving search method, and then measures the medical facility accessibility of the elderly by the improved Gaussian two-step moving search method, thereby improving the accuracy of evaluating the medical facility accessibility of the elderly, and providing a scientific basis for medical facility spatial planning and reasonable allocation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0031] Figure 1 is the method implementation flowchart of the embodiment of the present application.
[0032] Figure 2 is the residential block division flowchart and division result diagram in the embodiment of the present application.
[0033] Figure 3 is the spatial distribution diagram of the medical facilities and the elderly population in the study area in the embodiment of the present application. Among them, Figure 3 (a) is the spatial distribution diagram of the medical facilities; Figure 3 (b) is the spatial distribution diagram of the elderly population in the study area.
[0034] Figure 4 is the implementation principle diagram of the improved Gaussian two-step moving search method in the embodiment of the present application.
[0035] Figure 5The elderly medical facility accessibility space distribution map is an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0037] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further description of the present application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
[0038] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only intended to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a presence of a feature, step, operation, device, component, and / or combinations thereof.
[0039] The present embodiment provides a medical facility accessibility measurement method based on the medical travel characteristics of the elderly, comprising the following steps:
[0040] Step S1: Divide the study area by taking the residential block as the research unit; spatialize the medical facility and elderly population data respectively.
[0041] Step S2: Calculate the travel time cost data of each residential block to the medical facility.
[0042] Step S3: Set the weight and service threshold of different levels of medical facilities, then construct an improved Gaussian two-step moving search method based on the medical selection and travel characteristics of the elderly population, and finally measure the medical facility accessibility of the elderly through the improved Gaussian two-step moving search method.
[0043] The implementation process of the method is shown in Figure 1 The specific implementation of each step is described as follows.
[0044] I. Research unit demarcation and supply and demand data spatialization
[0045] (1) Research unit demarcation. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China issued the national standard "Urban Residential District Planning and Design Standard (GB50180-2018)", which divides residential areas into four levels, of which the residential block is the basic unit of residence. Therefore, the present application takes the residential block (residential land enclosed by urban roads or land boundary lines such as branch roads) as the research unit to divide the study area. The division scheme and results are shown in Figure 2As shown, the specific method of division is as follows: First, residential blocks are initially generated based on road network data. Based on the initial division results, the residential blocks are visually identified and the residential block data is further corrected with the help of remote sensing images and residential area boundary data.
[0046] (2) Spatialization of Medical Facilities. Medical facility data is acquired, including attributes such as the hospital's level, address, type, and number of beds. After geocoding and coordinate transformation, the resulting data is as follows: Figure 3 (a) shows the spatial distribution of medical facilities. In this embodiment, the medical facility data comes from the Fujian Provincial Health Commission's Medical Institution Information Database.
[0047] (3) Spatialization of elderly population data. Based on the actual population data, people aged 60 and above were selected. Using their address information, the geocoding function in the Gaode Map API open platform was used to obtain spatial location data of the elderly population within the study area. Then, the spatial connectivity tool in ArcGIS was used to map the elderly population onto their residential neighborhoods, resulting in data such as... Figure 3 (b) shows the spatial distribution of the elderly population in the study area.
[0048] II. Calculation of travel time cost data
[0049] (1) First, use the coordinate conversion interface provided by the Gaode Map Open Platform to convert the coordinates of the supply point and demand point, namely the coordinates of medical facilities and residential neighborhoods, into Gaode Map coordinates.
[0050] (2) The Gaode Map route planning API is a set of interfaces that provide queries for various transportation modes and calculations of travel time or distance. It can obtain real-time travel time under different transportation modes, providing real travel cost data for accessibility studies. This invention uses a programming language to call the Gaode Map route planning interface (https: / / lbs.amap.com / api / webservice / guide / api / direction) to collect travel cost data of different transportation modes (walking, public transportation, and driving) in batches over multiple time periods; finally, the average value is calculated as the travel time from each demand point to the supply point.
[0051] III. Measurement of Accessibility to Medical Facilities for the Elderly
[0052] (1) Weights and service thresholds of different levels of medical facilities
[0053] The service capacity of medical facilities of different levels varies, and the travel mode and travel time threshold of the elderly to different levels of hospitals also vary. Based on the same service threshold, the service capacity or potential medical demand of some level hospitals may be overestimated or underestimated, resulting in accessibility measurement deviation. Therefore, whether the service threshold of each level of medical facilities and the superposition analysis weight can be set accurately and reasonably is one of the key factors in accessibility evaluation.
[0054] a) Different levels of medical facilities weight setting
[0055] The service capacity of different levels of medical institutions varies significantly. The medical resources such as health technicians and beds of high-level hospitals are the most complete, and the medical resources of low-level hospitals are slightly insufficient. Except for a few minor illnesses, the elderly generally prefer to go to higher level medical institutions for treatment. Therefore, the weight of different levels of medical facilities is set according to the preference of the elderly for different levels of hospitals. The preference of the elderly for different levels of hospitals is shown in Table 1.
[0056] Table 1 Relative weight of different levels of hospitals
[0057]
[0058] b) Different levels of medical facilities service threshold setting
[0059] In the increasingly complex urban traffic system, the elderly have various travel modes to reach medical service facilities. The functional positioning, resource scale, technical level and personnel allocation of different levels of medical facilities vary significantly, resulting in differences in their attraction to the elderly. This difference in attraction often affects the choice of travel mode and the difference in acceptable travel time of the elderly in actual life. Therefore, the time threshold acceptable to the elderly using different travel modes for different levels of medical facilities is set according to the attraction of different levels of medical facilities to the elderly. Comprehensive reference is made to the research on the characteristics of the elderly's medical travel by existing scholars and relevant public service facility planning standards such as "Urban Residential District Planning and Design Standard (GB50180-2018)", and the preference of the elderly for different levels of medical facilities for medical travel is shown in Table 2.
[0060] Table 2 Travel mode and acceptable time threshold of the elderly for different levels of medical facilities
[0061]
[0062] (2) Improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method based on the medical selection and travel characteristics of the elderly group
[0063] The Gaussian two-step moving search method ignores the diversity of traffic modes in real life and the difference in the attraction of hospitals of different sizes to the elderly. Therefore, the improved Gaussian two-step moving search method based on the medical selection and travel characteristics of the elderly is constructed by comprehensively considering the service capacity of medical facilities, the attraction of hospitals of different sizes to the elderly and the travel mode preference of the elderly. Figure 4 The specific implementation process is as follows:
[0064] 1) Calculate the supply-demand ratio of medical facilities, that is, the service capacity of medical facilities:
[0065]
[0066] In the formula, R j is the supply-demand ratio of medical facility j; S j is the service capacity of medical facility j; the number of hospital beds is an important indicator for the classification of medical facilities, so the number of hospital beds is used to represent the service capacity of medical facilities in this embodiment; t ij (M1), t ij (M2) and t ij (M3) are respectively the travel time from the residential neighborhood i to the medical facility j under the walking, public transportation and driving modes; t0(M1), t0(M2) and t0(M3) are respectively the maximum travel time threshold of the elderly under the walking, public transportation and driving modes; are respectively the number of the elderly who can reach the medical facility j by walking, public transportation and driving within the time threshold; G is the time decay coefficient based on the Gaussian function, and its calculation formula under the walking mode (M1) is as follows:
[0067]
[0068] For the time decay coefficients of public transportation and driving modes, the calculation formula is the same as formula (2).
[0069] 2) Calculate the sum of the supply-demand ratios of the medical facilities that can be reached by each residential neighborhood within the time threshold, that is, the medical facility accessibility of the residential neighborhood i:
[0070]
[0071] In the formula, A i is the medical facility accessibility of the residential neighborhood i, and the larger the value is, the higher the medical facility accessibility level of the residential neighborhood is; R j is the supply-demand ratio of the hospital facility j; G ij (M1), G ij (M2) and G ij(M3) is the time decay coefficient based on the Gaussian function; and α1, α2, α3 are respectively the travel mode preferences of the elderly population when facing different levels of medical facilities. According to the relevant research on the medical travel behavior survey of the elderly, the medical travel selection preferences of the elderly are shown in Table 2.
[0072] (3) Comprehensive elderly medical facility accessibility measure
[0073] The elderly population has selection preferences for medical destinations, and there are significant differences in the attractiveness of different levels of hospitals to the elderly population. The elderly population is more inclined to go to high-level hospitals for medical treatment. According to the medical treatment preferences of the elderly population facing different levels of hospitals given in Table 1, the comprehensive accessibility of the elderly medical facilities is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
[0074]
[0075] In the formula, A c is the comprehensive accessibility of the elderly medical facilities, m is the number of hospital levels, is the medical accessibility of the nth level of hospital, and P n is the relative weight of the nth level of hospital.
[0076] Firstly, the research unit is demarcated and the supply and demand data is spatialized, and then the travel cost matrix is constructed. The path planning interface (https: / / lbs.amap.com / api / webservice / guide / api / direction) in the Gaode map API is called to batch collect the travel time data of the residential neighborhood to the medical facility point under multiple time periods. Secondly, based on the previous research and relevant standards and specifications, in the research method, considering the attractiveness of different levels of medical institutions to the elderly and the actual medical travel characteristics of the elderly, the Gaussian two-step mobile search method model is improved by introducing multi-traffic travel mode and multi-level accessibility time threshold. Then, the accessibility of different levels of medical facilities is measured based on the model, and the comprehensive accessibility of medical facilities is obtained according to the medical selection preferences of the elderly. A certain large city in China is taken as an experimental case area, and the above method is used to measure the accessibility of the elderly medical facilities.
[0077] The results of the elderly accessibility analysis to different levels of medical facilities show that Figure 5The accessibility of different levels of hospitals in the elderly population is different. Specifically: 1) The spatial pattern of community hospital accessibility is seriously polarized. Higher and above residential neighborhoods are distributed in a belt-shaped space, mainly concentrated in Jin'an District. Nearly 80% of the residential neighborhoods in Cangshan District are located in the lower and below levels, indicating that community-level medical services in Cangshan District are lagging behind. The allocation of community-level medical facilities does not fully match the spatial distribution of the elderly population, and needs to be improved. 2) The accessibility of secondary hospitals is distributed in a multi-core pattern. High-value areas are mainly located in the eastern part of Gulou District, the central part of Taijiang District, the western part of Jin'an District, and along the No. 1 subway line in Cangshan District. Low-value areas are located in the western part of Gulou District, the eastern part of Jin'an District, and the central part of Cangshan District. 3) The accessibility of tertiary hospitals presents a "single-axis layered" structure. High-value areas are concentrated along the No. 1 subway line and gradually decrease outward from the axis.
[0078] The results of the comprehensive accessibility of medical facilities for the elderly show that Figure 5 (d)) The comprehensive accessibility of medical facilities for the elderly in the main urban area of Fuzhou presents a clear north-south difference across the Minjiang River, with a general pattern of "north superior and south inferior". Higher accessibility residential neighborhoods are concentrated on the north bank of the Minjiang River, while the south bank has lower accessibility, showing certain spatial polarization characteristics. This is mainly due to the lagging behind of medical and health service facilities in urban construction and development, and the geographical barrier of the Minjiang River leading to low convenience for medical treatment on the south bank. Specifically:
[0079] (1) The most accessible areas are mainly concentrated within the city's second ring line, showing a spatial characteristic of "axial expansion" along the subway lines 1 and 2, with the old city core as the center. This area is the first to be developed in the old city, with abundant medical resources and well-developed different levels of medical facilities, which can meet the needs of the elderly population for basic health services and treatment of serious illnesses. In addition, the area has a well-developed road transportation network, with a wide coverage of public transportation services such as buses and subways, making it convenient for the elderly to travel to hospitals.
[0080] (2) Poorly accessible areas are concentrated in the central and southwestern parts of Cangshan District and the northeastern part of Jin'an District. In these areas, there is a large gap between community-level and high-level medical facilities, and the coverage of medical and health services is low. When elderly people seek medical services, they often need to travel a long distance to a hospital, which is not convenient. This is because during the rapid urbanization process, the construction of medical facilities lags behind the expansion of the city. From the spatial time sequence of the expansion of the main urban area of Fuzhou, the early expansion was mainly in the north of Minjiang River. The urban construction land spread northward. When the expansion was restricted by natural factors such as mountains, the city expanded across the Minjiang River on a large scale, promoting the strategy of "eastward expansion, southward advance, and westward expansion" and guiding the expansion of urban space. As the city continues to expand, the population in the old city area also gradually shifts to the suburbs. In addition, the suburbanization of foreign population and population aging will further lead to an increase in the number of elderly population in the outer part of the main urban area. However, the city's medical facilities are limited to serving the existing central city. The suburban medical facility system lags behind the city's development in terms of time and spatial allocation. The contradiction between the supply and demand of medical resources for the elderly population will become more prominent.
[0081] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in other forms. Any skilled person in the art can modify or change the above disclosed technical content to obtain equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made on the basis of the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiments without departing from the technical solution of the present application still falls within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A medical facility accessibility measurement method based on characteristics of elderly people's medical trip, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: dividing the research area into residential blocks; spatializing the medical facility and elderly population data; Step S2: calculating the travel time cost data of each residential block to the medical facility; Step S3: constructing an improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method based on the medical selection and travel characteristics of the elderly population, and finally measuring the elderly medical facility accessibility by the improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method; In step S3, according to the preference of the elderly population for different levels of hospitals, the weights of different levels of medical facilities are set; according to the medical attraction of different levels of medical facilities to the elderly population, the time threshold acceptable by the elderly population using different traffic modes is set, and the service threshold of different levels of medical facilities is obtained; In step S3, the specific method of constructing the improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method based on the medical selection and travel characteristics of the elderly population is as follows: 1) Calculate the supply-demand ratio of the medical facility, that is, the service capacity of the medical facility: In the formula, It is a medical facility The supply-demand ratio; for The service capacity of medical facilities; , , These are the residential neighborhoods, categorized by walking, public transportation, and driving modes of travel. to medical facilities Travel time; , , These are the maximum acceptable travel time thresholds for elderly people when traveling on foot, by public transport, and by car. , , These refer to reaching medical facilities by walking, public transportation, and driving within a specific time threshold. The number of elderly people; G is a time decay coefficient based on a Gaussian function, in walking mode The calculation formula is as follows: The time attenuation coefficients of public transportation and driving mode are calculated according to formula (2); 2) sum of the supply-demand ratios of the medical facilities reachable by each residential block within the time threshold, i.e. the medical facility accessibility of the residential blocks: the medical facility accessibility of the residential blocks: In the formula, is the medical facility accessibility of the residential neighborhood, The greater the value, the higher the level of medical facility accessibility of the residential neighborhood; is the supply-demand ratio of medical facilities, , , is the time decay coefficient based on the Gaussian function; , , respectively represent the travel mode preferences of the elderly population when facing medical facilities of different levels. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical facility accessibility measure is based on characteristics of the older person's medical visit trips. In step S1, the specific method of dividing the research area is as follows: first, generate residential blocks according to road network data, and then identify and further correct the residential block data with the aid of remote sensing images and residential area boundary data.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical facility accessibility measure is based on characteristics of the older person's medical visit trips. In step S1, the specific method of spatializing the medical facility is as follows: obtain the medical facility data, including the level, address, type and bed number information of each hospital, and then perform geographic coding and coordinate conversion to obtain the spatial distribution of the medical facility; The specific method of spatializing the medical facility and the elderly population data is as follows: according to the actual population data, filter out the population over 60 years old, obtain the spatial point data of the elderly population in the research area by using the geographic coding function in the high-de map API open platform, and map the elderly population to the residential blocks by using the spatial connection tool of ArcGIS to obtain the spatial distribution of the elderly population in the research area.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical facility accessibility measure is based on characteristics of the older person's medical visit trips. In step S2, the specific method of calculating the travel time cost data of each residential block to the medical facility is as follows: First, use the coordinate conversion interface provided by the high-de map open platform to convert the coordinates of the supply point and demand point, that is, the medical facility and the residential block, into high-de map coordinates; Then, use the programming language to call the high-de map path planning interface to batch collect the travel cost data of different traffic modes under multiple time periods, and then take the average value as the travel time of each demand point to the supply point.
5. The method for measuring medical facility accessibility based on characteristics of medical visit trips by elderly people according to claim 1, characterized by, In step S3, the service capacity of the medical facility is represented by the number of hospital beds.
6. The method for measuring medical facility accessibility based on characteristics of medical visit trips by elderly people according to claim 1, characterized by, In step S3, the specific method of measuring the elderly medical facility accessibility by the improved Gaussian two-step mobile search method is as follows: According to the medical preference of the elderly population to different levels of hospitals, the comprehensive accessibility of the elderly medical facility is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows: wherein is the overall accessibility of the medical facility for the elderly, is the number of hospital grades, is the medical accessibility of the hospital of the class, is the relative weight of the hospital of the class.