Tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial and preparation method and application thereof
By preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, the problems of long synthesis time and high equipment requirements of existing platinum-based catalysts have been solved, realizing efficient and low-cost electrocatalytic water splitting, which is suitable for large-scale production and application.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QINGDAO UNIV OF SCI & TECH
- Filing Date
- 2022-12-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for synthesizing platinum-based catalysts are time-consuming, require sophisticated equipment, consume a lot of solvents, and are difficult to produce on a large scale. Traditional heating technologies have even higher equipment requirements and are prone to causing pollution, which limits the application of platinum-based catalysts in electrocatalytic water splitting.
A method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials was adopted. The porous hollow spherical tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials were prepared by reacting the microwave-assisted synthesis of tungsten trioxide hollow sphere precursor with sodium hypophosphite monohydrate and potassium tetrachloroplatinate. This method simplifies the preparation process, reduces energy consumption, and improves catalytic activity.
It achieves high electrocatalytic activity across the entire pH range, reduces the overpotential of water electrolysis, simplifies the preparation process, lowers costs, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Smart Images
Figure CN116240557B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of catalyst material preparation technology, specifically to a tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] With increasing environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels, the development of sustainable, environmentally friendly, and clean energy sources is urgently needed. Currently, hydrogen energy is considered the most likely new energy source to replace traditional fossil fuels; electrocatalytic water splitting technology is considered the best method for efficient and environmentally friendly hydrogen production. Therefore, the preparation of electrocatalytic materials is of great significance. Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are among the best-performing hydrogen evolution catalysts, but the low natural abundance and high price of platinum limit its large-scale production and application. Therefore, the design and development of high-performance, low-cost platinum-based supported catalysts has become a key focus of research in this field. Traditional methods for synthesizing platinum-based catalysts, such as hydrothermal methods, high-temperature calcination methods, and electrochemical deposition methods, are not only time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment, resulting in low yields and difficulty in large-scale production, but also easily lead to the formation of large nanoparticles. Generally, the preparation process of most nanocatalytic materials is quite cumbersome and complex. Furthermore, while non-traditional heating technologies such as high-temperature pulsed heating and electric arc heating can rapidly prepare catalysts, they require sophisticated equipment and are difficult to control; simultaneously, the synthesis process generally involves solvents, which consume high energy and easily cause pollution. Therefore, designing a simple, rapid, and solvent-free preparation method for platinum-based catalysts is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the technical problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials. The preparation method is simple and convenient, solving the problems of complex, time-consuming, and difficult-to-large-scale application of nanocatalytic materials in the prior art. The tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials prepared by the method provided in this invention can effectively accelerate reaction kinetics and reduce the overpotential of water electrolysis when applied in room temperature electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution process, and exhibits high electrocatalytic activity in electrolytes across the entire pH range.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:
[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298 g of tungsten hexachloride and 0.45 g of urea were dissolved in 30 mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180 °C for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 12 h; the dried product was calcined in air at 450 °C for 3 h, and cooled to room temperature to obtain hollow tungsten trioxide precursor; the tungsten trioxide prepared in this step has a bowl-shaped hollow structure and nanoporous walls, providing a large number of active sites; the reaction conditions during the preparation process are mild, and the prepared tungsten trioxide has a large specific surface area, which is very beneficial for platinum loading.
[0007] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; Place 20-100 mg of tungsten trioxide hollow sphere precursor, 20-100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate in a microwave oven, microwave rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, and cool to room temperature; then dissolve the obtained powder in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heat to 80 °C, and filter to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials.
[0008] Specifically, in the above synthesis process, sodium hypophosphite monohydrate acts as a combustion aid to assist microwave ignition, while potassium tetrachloroplatinate provides more active sites for the catalyst. Rapid microwave treatment is used to ensure a low microwave temperature, preventing complete reduction of tungsten trioxide, and the microwave reaction time is controlled at 30 seconds to avoid altering the internal structure of the catalyst. The Tafel slope obtained from the linear sweep curve of the catalyst is within 30 mV / dec across the entire pH range. -1 Within this range, the Tafel reaction occurs, such as... Figure 1 As shown, platinum atoms, as the main active sites, play a crucial role in promoting the initial adsorption and dissociation of water during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The interaction between platinum and tungsten, and their complexation with tungsten trioxide, accelerates the tafel reaction and promotes the H+ reaction. + The adsorption and desorption of hydrogen gas by the catalyst improves the hydrogen evolution reaction performance of the catalyst.
[0009] Based on the above technical solution, the following steps are included:
[0010] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0011] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 60 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0012] During the microwave process, the tungsten and platinum elements generated in the reaction have a synergistic effect, which effectively improves the performance of the catalyst. At the same time, the platinum loading provides more active sites for the catalyst, which, together with the porous structure of the precursor, increases the number of active sites. However, excessive platinum loading can lead to the blockage of electron or proton transport channels, resulting in a decrease in performance. Therefore, the preferred amounts of tungsten and platinum elements in this invention need to be strictly proportioned and optimized through design.
[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial prepared according to the above preparation method.
[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the nanomaterial is a porous hollow spherical structure with a size of 200 nm; wherein tungsten trioxide has a bowl-shaped hollow structure, and platinum is loaded on the surface of tungsten trioxide, and tungsten is obtained by microwave reduction.
[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides an application of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials in room temperature electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
[0016] Based on the above technical solution, at a current density of 10 mA / cm² -2 At that time, the overpotentials of the tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial in alkaline, acidic, and neutral electrolytes were 23 mV, 27 mV, and 53 mV, respectively. This indicates that the nanomaterial exhibits high catalytic activity in electrolytes with all pH values.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention are as follows:
[0018] 1. In this invention, hollow spherical tungsten trioxide is used as a precursor, and tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials are prepared by a rapid microwave method with sodium hypophosphite monohydrate and potassium chloroplatinate. The overall preparation method is simple and efficient, effectively shortening the synthesis time of the catalyst material and increasing the synthesis rate of the electrocatalyst. At the same time, the preparation method provided by this invention is a solvent-free reaction, which effectively improves the problem of easy pollution and effectively reduces energy consumption and cost. It can realize large-scale preparation, which is of great significance for practical large-scale production and application.
[0019] 2. The tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials prepared by the preparation method provided by the present invention have a porous hollow spherical structure with a size of 200 nm. In particular, when applied to the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution process, they can effectively accelerate the reaction kinetics and reduce the overpotential of water electrolysis. They also exhibit high electrocatalytic activity in alkaline, neutral and acidic electrolytes, i.e., electrolytes in the full pH range. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Tafel slope curve in this invention;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the nanomaterial WO3-W-Pt obtained in Example 1 of this invention;
[0022] Figure 3 This is the XRD pattern of the nanomaterial WO3-W-Pt obtained in Example 1 of this invention;
[0023] Figure 4 This is the linear scanning curve of the nanomaterial WO3-W-Pt obtained in Example 1 of this invention under alkaline conditions;
[0024] Figure 5 This is the linear scanning curve of the nanomaterial WO3-W-Pt obtained in Example 1 of this invention under acidic conditions;
[0025] Figure 6 This is the linear scan curve of the nanomaterial WO3-W-Pt obtained in Example 1 of this invention under neutral conditions; Detailed Implementation
[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, all the various materials used in this invention are commercially available.
[0028] Example 1
[0029] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, including the following steps:
[0030] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0031] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 60 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0032] Figure 2 The image shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials. The image shows that the synthesized nanomaterials have a porous hollow spherical structure with a size of about 200 nm.
[0033] Figure 3 The XRD pattern of the tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial shows that the prepared nanomaterial is composed of tungsten trioxide (WO3), tungsten (W), and platinum (Pt).
[0034] Figures 4 to 6 The hydrogen evolution performance of the tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials prepared in this embodiment as a catalyst in electrocatalysis; specifically, Figure 4 The hydrogen evolution performance of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials in 1M KOH; Figure 5 The hydrogen evolution performance of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials in 0.5M H2SO4; Figure 6 The hydrogen evolution performance of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials in 1M PBS is shown; the horizontal axis represents the catalyst voltage and the vertical axis represents the catalyst current density. This indicates that the catalyst has better hydrogen evolution performance than existing commercial platinum-carbon catalysts, proving that the catalyst synthesized in this application has excellent catalytic activity.
[0035] The product prepared in this embodiment was tested for its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance using a three-electrode method with reversible hydrogen as the reference electrode and a carbon rod as the auxiliary electrode. The hydrogen evolution performance was tested on an electrochemical workstation, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm⁻¹. -2At that time, the overpotentials of the tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial in alkaline, acidic and neutral electrolytes were 23mV, 27mV and 53mV, respectively.
[0036] Example 2
[0037] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, including the following steps:
[0038] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0039] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 50 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0040] Example 3
[0041] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, including the following steps:
[0042] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0043] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 70 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0044] Example 4
[0045] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, including the following steps:
[0046] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0047] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 80 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0048] Example 5
[0049] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, including the following steps:
[0050] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0051] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 60 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 20 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0052] Example 6
[0053] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, including the following steps:
[0054] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0055] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 60 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 30 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0056] Example 7
[0057] This embodiment provides a method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, including the following steps:
[0058] Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180℃ for 12h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450℃ for 3h and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor.
[0059] Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 60 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 50 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
[0060] Comparative Example 1
[0061] In this comparative example, commercially available platinum-carbon (Pt / C) material was used to test the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Specifically, a three-electrode method was employed, with reversible hydrogen as the reference electrode and a carbon rod as the auxiliary electrode. The hydrogen evolution performance was tested on an electrochemical workstation, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm⁻¹. -2 At that time, the overpotentials of the commercial platinum-carbon (Pt / C) in alkaline, acidic and neutral electrolytes were 165 mV, 76 mV and 417 mV, respectively.
[0062] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
[0063] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298 g of tungsten hexachloride and 0.45 g of urea were dissolved in 30 mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor and reacted at 180 °C for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed with ethanol and water respectively, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 12 h; the dried product was calcined in air at 450 °C for 3 h, and cooled to room temperature to obtain tungsten trioxide hollow sphere precursor; Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; Place 20-100 mg of tungsten trioxide hollow sphere precursor, 20-100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate in a microwave oven, microwave rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, and cool to room temperature; then dissolve the obtained powder in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heat to 80 °C, and filter to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials.
2. The method for preparing tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of tungsten trioxide precursor; 0.298 g of tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) and 0.45 g of urea (CH4N2O) were dissolved in 30 mL of ethanol, stirred evenly, and then transferred to a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reactor. The mixture was reacted at 180 °C for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the product was washed three times with ethanol and water, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 12 h. The dried product was calcined in air at 450 °C for 3 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain the tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor. Step 2: Preparation of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials; 60 mg of tungsten trioxide (WO3) hollow sphere precursor, 100 mg of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate (NaH2PO2 H2O) and 10 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) were placed in a microwave oven and microwaved rapidly for 30 seconds at a power of 700 W, then cooled to room temperature; the resulting powder was then dissolved in 60 mL of ultrapure water, heated to 80 °C, and filtered to obtain tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum, i.e., WO3-W-Pt nanomaterials.
3. A tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1.
4. The tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nanomaterial has a porous hollow spherical structure with a size of 200 nm; tungsten trioxide has a bowl-shaped hollow structure, and platinum is loaded on the surface of tungsten trioxide. Tungsten is obtained by microwave reduction.
5. The application of tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterials prepared by the method according to claim 1 in room temperature electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
6. The application of the tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial according to claim 5, characterized in that, At a current density of 10 mA cm -2 At that time, the overpotentials of the tungsten trioxide-tungsten-platinum nanomaterial in alkaline, acidic and neutral electrolytes were 23mV, 27mV and 53mV, respectively.