A scalable ptni alloy electrode material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
By preparing PtNi alloy electrode materials on a nickel foam substrate, the problems of high cost and insufficient stability of platinum-based electrocatalysts have been solved, enabling the large-scale production of low-cost, high-stability water electrolysis hydrogen production catalysts.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BOHAI UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing platinum-based electrocatalysts are expensive, scarce, and lack stability, making them difficult to apply on a large scale to hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Furthermore, existing alloying methods are complex and unsuitable for large-scale production.
PtNi alloy electrode materials were prepared on a nickel foam substrate by in-situ reduction reaction of potassium chloroplatinate and nickel chloride hexahydrate. The reaction conditions were mild and suitable for mass production, using triblock copolymer F-127 and hydrochloric acid ethanol solution.
The prepared PtNi alloy electrode material exhibits a hydrogen evolution overpotential of less than 10 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², and its platinum mass activity is more than 2.5 times that of commercial Pt/C. It also demonstrates excellent stability and is suitable for industrial applications.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new materials and electrochemical technology, specifically relating to an alloy electrode material for hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and more particularly to a PtNi alloy electrode material that can be prepared on a large scale and its application in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Background Technology
[0002] With the depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing severity of environmental problems, the development of clean and sustainable energy has become an urgent priority. Hydrogen energy, due to its high energy density and zero carbon emissions, is considered one of the most promising clean energy sources for modern society. Currently, among various hydrogen production technologies, water electrolysis is the mainstream method for producing "green hydrogen" in industry. However, water electrolysis is still not economically competitive with methane steam reforming and coal gasification for hydrogen production, mainly due to high catalyst costs, high energy consumption, and unsatisfactory stability. This is especially true at ultra-high current densities (≥1 A cm⁻¹). -2 When high-speed hydrogen production is carried out under ultra-high current density, the catalytic electrode must achieve the lowest possible overpotential to reduce power costs; at the same time, maintaining long-term microstructure and mechanical stability is also crucial in the electrochemical process.
[0003] Platinum (Pt), a commercially available noble metal catalyst, is considered the benchmark catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its ideal d-band center position and excellent adsorption / desorption capacity for reaction intermediates. However, the high cost, scarcity, and insufficient stability of platinum severely hinder its large-scale practical application. Therefore, the research and design of HER electrocatalysts that combine excellent activity, stability, and cost-effectiveness are of significant research value.
[0004] Alloying platinum with transition metals (TMs = Fe, Co, Ni) is a promising strategy. This approach not only reduces dependence on noble metals by introducing non-noble metals but also effectively modulates the electronic structure of platinum. In particular, the introduction of transition metals generates strong electronic interactions within the d orbitals, causing a shift in the d-band center and significantly enhancing the HER activity of platinum-based electrocatalysts. Furthermore, the lattice mismatch between the transition metals and platinum induces lattice strain during alloying, thereby improving catalytic performance and stability.
[0005] However, current methods for preparing platinum-based alloys using thermal reduction often require strict control of the reaction rate and pyrolysis temperature. This method easily leads to problems such as uneven alloy particle dispersion, large size differences, and the formation of numerous agglomerates, thus adversely affecting catalytic activity. Furthermore, most existing catalysts have complex synthetic routes and limited yields, making large-scale production impractical. Although some reported alloy catalysts have exhibited good catalytic performance, their synthesis methods often rely on expensive equipment (such as rapid Joule heating) or require the use of large quantities of environmentally polluting reagents (such as acidic, alkaline, and organic solutions), which indirectly increases production costs. Therefore, developing a green synthesis strategy for the batch and scalable synthesis of platinum-based nanocomposite catalysts with ultra-high activity and excellent stability is an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In view of this, the present invention proposes a scalable PtNi alloy electrode material, its preparation method and its application in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, so as to solve the problems of high preparation cost and unfavorable large-scale production of existing electrode materials used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen.
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a scalable PtNi alloy electrode material, the electrode material comprising a nickel foam substrate and PtNi alloy nanoparticles supported on the nickel foam substrate, wherein the PtNi alloy nanoparticles are formed by an in-situ reduction reaction of potassium chloroplatinate and nickel chloride hexahydrate, the PtNi alloy nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the nickel foam substrate, and the electrode material is scalable at 10 mA cm⁻¹. -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential at the current density is 10 mV.
[0008] Preferably, the X-ray diffraction peaks of the PtNi alloy are shifted at higher angles compared to pure Pt.
[0009] Preferably, the electrode material exhibits excellent catalytic stability at industrial-grade current densities, at 1 A cm⁻¹. -2 When the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution stability test was conducted at a current density, the catalytic activity was maintained for more than 700 hours; the platinum mass activity of the electrode material at a potential of -0.2 V relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode was not less than 1400 A g~Pt~ -1 It is more than 2.5 times that of commercial Pt / C catalysts.
[0010] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the PtNi alloy electrode material, comprising the following steps:
[0011] Potassium chloroplatinate and nickel chloride hexahydrate were dissolved in deionized water, and triblock copolymer F-127, hydrochloric acid and ethanol were added and mixed evenly to obtain the reaction precursor solution.
[0012] The pretreated nickel foam is immersed in the reaction precursor solution and reacted under water bath conditions;
[0013] After the reaction is complete, the nickel foam is removed, washed, and dried to obtain the PtNi alloy electrode material.
[0014] Preferably, the molar ratio of potassium chloroplatinate to nickel chloride hexahydrate is 1:1; the amount of triblock copolymer F-127 added is 30 mg, the amount of hydrochloric acid added is 25 μL with a concentration of 6 mol / L, the amount of ethanol added is 10 μL, and the amount of deionized water is 20 mL.
[0015] Preferably, the water bath reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50°C for 6 hours; the drying is carried out under vacuum at a temperature of 60°C for 6 hours.
[0016] Preferably, the pretreatment method for the nickel foam is as follows: ultrasonically clean the nickel foam in 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid for 30 minutes.
[0017] Preferably, the method is capable of large-scale synthesis, wherein the amount of each raw material is increased proportionally during the large-scale synthesis, while the reaction conditions remain unchanged.
[0018] Finally, the present invention also provides an application of the PtNi alloy electrode material or the PtNi alloy electrode material prepared by the preparation method in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
[0019] Preferably, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction is carried out in an acidic electrolyte, and the test adopts a three-electrode system, with the PtNi alloy electrode material as the working electrode, a platinum sheet as the counter electrode, and a mercurous sulfate electrode as the reference electrode.
[0020] The PtNi / NF electrode material prepared in this invention has a performance of 10 mA cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential required at the current density is only 10 mV, which is superior to that of commercial Pt / C (23 mV); the platinum mass activity reaches 1434.09 A g~Pt~ -1 It is 2.59 times that of commercial Pt / C; at 1 A cm⁻¹ -2 It can operate stably for more than 700 hours at industrial-grade current density, and has good prospects for industrial application.
[0021] The synthesis conditions of this invention are mild (50°C water bath), requiring no high temperature, high pressure, or toxic and harmful reagents, using only small amounts of ethanol and hydrochloric acid, making it environmentally friendly. A single synthesis can reach the 20-gram scale (20 cm × 30 cm), and scale-up requires no change in reaction conditions. The batch samples exhibit highly uniform performance, making it suitable for industrial application. The introduction of Ni causes a negative shift in the Pt d band center (-2.06 eV → -2.32 eV), optimizing the H* adsorption energy and theoretically revealing the intrinsic mechanism of performance improvement.
[0022] The scalable alloyed electrode material and its preparation method obtained by this invention can be applied to hydrogen production by water electrolysis. It can maintain long-term microstructure and mechanical stability in the electrochemical process of ultra-high current density. The material preparation process is simple, the production cost is low, and it is easy to realize large-scale industrial production, which has good industrialization prospects. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the synthesis of the PtNi / NF catalyst prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 2 The diagram shows the structural characterization of the PtNi / NF catalyst prepared in Example 1 of this invention; where (a) is the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Pt / NF and PtNi / NF; (b) and (c) are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images at different magnifications; (d) is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image; (e) is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image; and (f) is a selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern.
[0026] Figure 3 The above are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the PtNi / NF catalyst prepared in Example 1 of this invention; where (a) is a comparison of the Pt 4f XPS spectra of Pt / NF and PtNi / NF; and (b) is the Ni 2p XPS spectrum of PtNi / NF.
[0027] Figure 4The figures show the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the PtNi / NF catalyst prepared in Example 1 of this invention and the comparative sample; (a) is the polarization curve (LSV) of Pt / NF, PtNi / NF and commercial Pt / C in 0.5 mol / L H2SO4 solution; (b) is a bar chart comparing the overpotential and Tafel slope of the three catalysts; (c) is a comparison of the platinum mass activity and turnover frequency (TOF) of PtNi / NF and commercial Pt / C; and (d) is a long-term stability test figure of PtNi / NF at a current density of 1 A cm⁻².
[0028] Figure 5 This is an optical photograph of the batch synthesis of 20 g of PtNi / NF catalyst in Example 4 of this invention.
[0029] Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of the HER activity of six different regions of the PtNi / NF catalyst synthesized in batches in Example 4 of the present invention.
[0030] Figure 7 The diagram shows the results of density functional theory calculations of the present invention; (a) is the reaction energy diagram of H2 formation on PtNi alloy and pure Pt; (b) is the d-orbital partial density of states (PDOS) diagram and d-band center position of PtNi (111) crystal plane; (c) is the d-orbital partial density of states (PDOS) diagram and d-band center position of pure Pt (111) crystal plane. Detailed Implementation
[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, to avoid obscuring the invention with unnecessary details, only processing steps closely related to the solution of this invention are shown in the drawings, while other details not closely related to this invention are omitted.
[0032] Example 1:
[0033] Preparation of PtNi / NF electrode materials:
[0034] (1) Pretreatment of nickel foam (NF)
[0035] Commercially available nickel foam was cut into 2 cm × 3 cm pieces and ultrasonically cleaned in a 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 30 minutes to remove the surface oxide layer. After removal, it was rinsed three times alternately with deionized water and ethanol, and then vacuum dried at 60°C for later use.
[0036] (2) Preparation of the reaction precursor solution
[0037] Accurately weigh 0.03 mmol potassium chloroplatinate (K₂PtCl₆) and 0.03 mmol nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂·6H₂O), dissolve them in 20 mL of deionized water, and stir magnetically until completely dissolved. Then add 30 mg of triblock copolymer F-127, 25 μL of hydrochloric acid (6 mol / L), and 10 μL of ethanol sequentially. Continue ultrasonic dispersion and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution.
[0038] (3) In-situ reduction reaction
[0039] The pretreated nickel foam was completely immersed in the above mixed solution and reacted in a 50°C water bath for 6 hours.
[0040] (4) Washing and drying
[0041] After the reaction was complete, the resulting black nickel foam was washed three times with ethanol and deionized water, respectively. Finally, it was vacuum dried at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain the PtNi@NF catalyst. A schematic diagram of the synthesis is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.
[0042] Example 2:
[0043] Preparation of comparative sample Pt / NF
[0044] The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that only 0.06 mmol of potassium chloroplatinate is added to the metal source and nickel chloride is not added. All other conditions are exactly the same, and pure Pt-supported Pt / NF electrode material is obtained.
[0045] Example 3: Preparation of a commercial Pt / C contrast electrode
[0046] Weigh 5 mg of commercial Pt / C catalyst (20 wt% Pt) and disperse it in a mixture of 1 mL ethanol and 50 μL Nafion solution (5 wt%). Sonicate for 30 minutes to form a uniform ink. Drop the ink onto the surface of pretreated nickel foam (2 cm × 3 cm) and dry at room temperature to obtain the Pt / C / NF control electrode.
[0047] Example 4: Batch Scale-up Synthesis of PtNi / NF Electrode Materials
[0048] (1) Scale up the raw materials proportionally: Scale up the raw materials by 100 times according to the formulation of Example 1, that is, weigh out 3 mmol potassium chloroplatinate and 3 mmol nickel chloride.
[0049] The hydrate was dissolved in 2000 mL of deionized water, and 3000 mg of F-127, 2.5 mL of hydrochloric acid (6 mol / L) and 1 mL of ethanol were added and stirred until homogeneous.
[0050] (2) Large-size substrate treatment: After the nickel foam with a size of 20 cm × 30 cm was pretreated by ultrasonic cleaning with 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid for 30 minutes, it was immersed in the above solution.
[0051] (3) Reaction and post-treatment: The reaction was carried out in a water bath at 50°C for 6 hours. After removal, the catalyst was thoroughly rinsed with ethanol and deionized water and dried under vacuum at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain approximately 20 g of PtNi / NF catalyst.
[0052] (4) Uniformity verification: Six different regions (numbered AF) of the batch-synthesized samples were randomly selected and electrochemical performance tests were performed to verify the uniformity of the load.
[0053] The batch synthesis process is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the specific synthesis method is the same as the synthesis steps described above, except that the amount of all raw materials added is increased proportionally. The preparation method of this invention has excellent scale-up effect; it can achieve mass production at the gram level or even tens of grams simply by increasing the amount of raw materials proportionally, without changing the reaction conditions, making it suitable for industrial application.
[0054] In summary, the synthesis process requires only the addition of small amounts of reducing agent (ethanol) and hydrochloric acid, and large-scale preparation of the catalyst can be achieved under mild conditions at 50°C. The entire synthesis process has the following significant characteristics: (a) mild synthesis conditions; (b) non-toxic and harmless synthetic reagents; (c) a single synthesis of 20 g (with a loading area of 20 × 30 cm²). 2 The catalyst is easy to scale up for production.
[0055] Theoretical calculations and analyses confirm that the negative shift of the d-band center of the Pt 5d orbital in the PtNi / NF alloy catalyst leads to a decrease in the adsorption energy of the H* intermediate at the Pt site, thereby achieving rapid dissociation of H* accompanied by efficient H2 generation. This preparation process not only achieves good HER effect, but also provides unique insights for the large-scale synthesis of catalysts.
[0056] Material characterization results
[0057] X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis
[0058] The crystal structures of the PtNi / NF prepared in Example 1 and the Pt / NF prepared in Example 2 were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Figure 2a. XRD patterns show that the metals loaded under different conditions exhibit significant diffraction peaks. For the pure Pt sample, three main peaks appear at 40.04°, 46.53°, and 67.86°, corresponding to the (111), (200), and (220) crystal planes of the Pt standard card (JCPDS no. 01-1194), respectively. In addition, the diffraction peaks at 44.9° and 52.3° are attributed to the nickel foam (NF) substrate. After introducing the transition metal Ni into pure Pt to form a PtNi alloy, its diffraction peaks shift significantly towards higher angles. This is because the atomic radius of Ni (124 pm) is smaller than that of Pt (130 pm), resulting in a shrinkage of the lattice spacing, which causes the diffraction peaks to shift to the right.
[0059] To investigate the growth mechanism and microstructure of PtNi alloys on NF substrates, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for further characterization. Figure 2 As shown in b, the PtNi alloy is uniformly loaded on the NF substrate surface without obvious agglomeration. Figure 2 As can be seen from c, the PtNi alloy exhibits a uniform nanoparticle microstructure. Thanks to the multi-channel network framework structure of the NF substrate, its large specific surface area maximizes the loading of active sites in the alloy. TEM results ( Figure 2 d) This further confirms that the PtNi alloy possesses a nanoparticle morphology, consistent with the SEM results. High-resolution TEM image ( Figure 2 Clear lattice fringes are visible in e), and the measured lattice spacing is 0.211 nm, corresponding to the (111) crystal plane, indicating that the PtNi alloy was successfully prepared. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern ( Figure 2 The diffraction rings with different crystal planes visible in f) further indicate that the prepared PtNi alloy has good crystallinity.
[0060] Changes in electronic structure were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Figure 3 As can be seen, two of the Pt4f spectra in PtNi / NF belong to Pt4f. 7 / 2 and Pt 4f 5 / 2 The characteristic peaks correspond to Pt, respectively. 0 and Pt 2+ Clearly, due to the stronger interaction between Pt and Ni, the peak position of Pt 4f shifts to lower binding energies with the addition of a Ni source. This means that electrons transfer from the transition metal Ni to Pt, leading to a redistribution of electrons and increasing the valence state of Pt. Figure 2 b).
[0061] Finally, this implementation scheme also provides the application of the above-mentioned alloy electrode material in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, enabling it to maintain long-term microstructure and mechanical stability in electrochemical processes with ultra-high current density.
[0062] Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) testing method: A three-electrode system was used to measure the electrochemical performance of the HER reaction on a CHI 760E electrochemical workstation. A mercurous sulfate electrode (electrolyte: 0.5 mol / L sulfuric acid solution) was used as the reference electrode, a platinum sheet as the counter electrode, and a self-supporting electrode as the working electrode. All potentials measured relative to the mercurous sulfate electrode were converted to the reversible hydrogen electrode potential (RHE). In the 0.5 mol / L sulfuric acid electrolyte system, the potential conversion formula is:
[0063] E RHE =E Hg / Hg2SO4 +0.656 V +0.059 × pH
[0064] Activation treatment was first completed by performing multiple cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests on the working electrode at a scan rate of 50 mV / s, followed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) tests. To test the electrochemical stability of the PtNi / NF material in 0.5 mol / L sulfuric acid solution, a voltammetry test was conducted at 1000 mA / cm². 2 Long-term chronopotential testing was conducted under current density conditions.
[0065] like Figure 4 As shown in Figure a, the PtNi / NF catalyst prepared in Example 1 exhibits the best HER catalytic activity, and this electrode can achieve 10 mA cm⁻¹ at a potential of only 10 mV. -2 The current density is significantly lower than that of pure Pt / NF (60 mV) and commercial Pt / C (23 mV). Figure 4 a). Figure 4 The Tafel polarization curves of b indicate that PtNi / NF exhibits faster reaction kinetics, with a Tafel slope as low as 42 mV dec. -1 Superior to Pt / NF (48 mV dec) -1 ) and Pt / C (52 mV dec -1 To evaluate the industrial application prospects of the catalyst of this invention, the mass of Pt was normalized based on the LSV curve, and the mass activity of the catalyst was calculated. Figure 4 As shown in Figure c, the mass activity of PtNi / NF is significantly superior to that of commercial Pt / C catalysts. Specifically, at a potential of -0.2 V relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), the mass activity of PtNi / NF reaches 1434.09 Ag.Pt -1 It is commercial Pt / C (554.17 Ag). Pt -1 The turnover frequency (TOF) of PtNi / NF was 2.59 times that of commercial Pt / C at overpotentials of 200 mV and 400 mV, respectively, indicating extremely high intrinsic activity. Stability is a crucial indicator for evaluating the scalability of a catalyst. This invention conducted stability tests at a high current density of 1 A cm⁻², and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in Figure d, PtNi / NF can maintain catalytic stability for over 700 hours. This means that the application of the aforementioned alloy electrode material in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution allows it to maintain long-term microstructure and mechanical stability even during ultra-high current density electrochemical processes.
[0066] The PtNi / NF alloy electrode material exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, requiring only a 10mV overpotential to achieve a 10mA cm⁻¹ electrocatalysis. -2 The current density is [not specified]; at -0.2 V (relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode RHE), the platinum mass activity of PtNi / NF is 2.59 times that of commercial Pt / C catalysts. It also exhibits excellent stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction at industrial-grade current densities (1000 mA cm⁻¹). -2 The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution stability can be maintained for 700 hours, which shows great potential for industrial application.
[0067] For the 20 g-grade PtNi / NF sample synthesized in Example 4, six different regions were randomly selected for LSV testing. Figure 5 Test results show that the HER performance of these six regions is highly consistent. Figure 6 This indicates that the catalyst synthesized in batches using the method of this invention has uniform deposition and possesses the potential for large-scale synthesis. Compared with currently reported Pt-based catalysts, the PtNi / NF prepared in this invention has significant advantages in several aspects, including overpotential, synthesis yield, and stability.
[0068] To verify the mechanism by which PtNi / NF electrode materials exhibit efficient HER performance, density functional theory calculations were performed. Figure 7 It was confirmed that the introduction of Ni restructured the d-orbital electron distribution of Pt in the PtNi / NF electrode material, leading to a shift in the Fermi level of Pt. Calculations showed that the d-band center of pure Pt is -2.06 eV, while that of the platinum-nickel alloy (PtNi) is -2.32 eV, thus reducing the Ht. * The dissociation energy accelerates the generation of hydrogen (H2).
[0069] This invention provides a scalable method for preparing PtNi / NF alloy electrode materials. The preparation process is mild (50°C water bath), environmentally friendly, and simple to operate, achieving a single-batch synthesis of up to 20 grams. The obtained PtNi / NF electrode material exhibits high performance at 10 mA cm⁻¹. -2 The overpotential is only 10 mV at current density, and at 1 A cm⁻¹ -2 It can operate stably for over 700 hours at high current densities, and its platinum mass activity is 2.59 times that of commercial Pt / C. These results demonstrate that the PtNi / NF alloy electrode material prepared in this invention possesses both excellent catalytic performance and large-scale production potential, and has broad application prospects in the field of water electrolysis for hydrogen production.
[0070] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0071] It should be noted that the purpose of disclosing the embodiments is to help further understand the present invention; however, those skilled in the art will understand that various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the content disclosed in the embodiments, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A scalable PtNi alloy electrode material, characterized in that, The electrode material comprises a nickel foam substrate and PtNi alloy nanoparticles supported on the nickel foam substrate. The PtNi alloy nanoparticles are formed by an in-situ reduction reaction of potassium chloroplatinate and nickel chloride hexahydrate. The PtNi alloy nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the nickel foam substrate, and the electrode material is 10 mA cm⁻¹ -2 The hydrogen evolution overpotential at the current density is 10 mV.
2. The PtNi alloy electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-ray diffraction peaks of the PtNi alloy are shifted at higher angles compared to pure Pt.
3. The PtNi alloy electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrode material exhibits excellent catalytic stability at industrial-grade current densities, at 1 A cm⁻¹. -2 When the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution stability test is conducted at a current density, the catalytic activity can be maintained for more than 700 hours; the platinum mass activity of the electrode material at a potential of -0.2 V relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode is not less than 1400 A g~Pt. -1 It is more than 2.5 times that of commercial Pt / C catalysts.
4. A method for preparing the PtNi alloy electrode material as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Potassium chloroplatinate and nickel chloride hexahydrate were dissolved in deionized water, and triblock copolymer F-127, hydrochloric acid and ethanol were added and mixed evenly to obtain the reaction precursor solution. The pretreated nickel foam is immersed in the reaction precursor solution and reacted under water bath conditions; After the reaction is complete, the nickel foam is removed, washed, and dried to obtain the PtNi alloy electrode material.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The molar ratio of potassium chloroplatinate to nickel chloride hexahydrate is 1:1; the amount of triblock copolymer F-127 added is 30 mg, the amount of hydrochloric acid added is 25 μL with a concentration of 6 mol / L, the amount of ethanol added is 10 μL, and the amount of deionized water is 20 mL.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water bath reaction was carried out at a temperature of 50°C for 6 hours; the drying was carried out under vacuum at a temperature of 60°C for 6 hours.
7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pretreatment method for the nickel foam is as follows: place the nickel foam in 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid and ultrasonically clean it for 30 minutes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method can be used for large-scale synthesis. During the large-scale synthesis, the amount of each raw material is increased proportionally while the reaction conditions remain unchanged.
9. The application of a PtNi alloy electrode material as described in any one of claims 1-3 or a PtNi alloy electrode material prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 4-8 in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction is carried out in an acidic electrolyte. The test uses a three-electrode system, with the PtNi alloy electrode material as the working electrode, a platinum sheet as the counter electrode, and a mercurous sulfate electrode as the reference electrode.